Question 1

In 2011 the ratio of female to male hourly wages was approximately:

Accepted Answer

A) 45%-55% 
B) 60%-70% 
C) 75%-85% 
D) 90%-100% 
A) 45%-55% 
B) 60%-70% 
C) 75%-85% 
D) 90%-100% C

Question 2

Which one of the following is a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A) Female unemployment rates are approximately twice that of males,while the unemployment rates of African Americans and whites are quite similar 
B) African American unemployment rates are approximately twice that of whites,while the unemployment rates of men and women are quite similar 
C) African American unemployment rates are approximately twice that of whites and female unemployment rates are approximately twice that of males 
D) The unemployment rates of African Americans and whites are quite similar,as are the unemployment rates of males and females 
A) Female unemployment rates are approximately twice that of males,while the unemployment rates of African Americans and whites are quite similar 
B) African American unemployment rates are approximately twice that of whites,while the unemployment rates of men and women are quite similar 
C) African American unemployment rates are approximately twice that of whites and female unemployment rates are approximately twice that of males 
D) The unemployment rates of African Americans and whites are quite similar,as are the unemployment rates of males and females B

Question 3

Statistical discrimination is:

Accepted Answer

A) the use of some observable characteristic by employers as a screening device in the hiring process 
B) comparing the marginal productivities of job applicants to determine who is most suitable for the job 
C) not based on accumulated factual evidence about different groups 
D) malicious treatment aimed at persons with observable demographic characteristics 
A) the use of some observable characteristic by employers as a screening device in the hiring process 
B) comparing the marginal productivities of job applicants to determine who is most suitable for the job 
C) not based on accumulated factual evidence about different groups 
D) malicious treatment aimed at persons with observable demographic characteristics A

Question 4

Which one of the following is an example of premarket discrimination:

Accepted Answer

A) wage discrimination 
B) employment discrimination 
C) occupational discrimination 
D) human capital discrimination 
A) wage discrimination 
B) employment discrimination 
C) occupational discrimination 
D) human capital discrimination

Question 5

Following the change to "blind" orchestra auditions in the 1970 and 1980s:

Accepted Answer

A) the proportion of females in major orchestras increased substantially 
B) orchestra sizes increased substantially to accommodate additional females and African Americans 
C) the quality of major orchestras declined substantially 
D) all of the above 
A) the proportion of females in major orchestras increased substantially 
B) orchestra sizes increased substantially to accommodate additional females and African Americans 
C) the quality of major orchestras declined substantially 
D) all of the above

Question 6

An employer who is willing to pay a wage premium to avoid employing persons from some particular group is engaging in:

Accepted Answer

A) a taste for discrimination 
B) occupational segregation 
C) statistical discrimination 
D) human capital discrimination 
A) a taste for discrimination 
B) occupational segregation 
C) statistical discrimination 
D) human capital discrimination

Question 7

In 2010,average earnings at each educational level indicated that:

Accepted Answer

A) white men earned more than African American men and African American men earned more than both African American and white women 
B) white men and white women earned more than African American men 
C) white men earned more than white women,but African American men earned less than African American women 
D) white men earned more than African American men and African American men earned approximately the same as white women 
A) white men earned more than African American men and African American men earned more than both African American and white women 
B) white men and white women earned more than African American men 
C) white men earned more than white women,but African American men earned less than African American women 
D) white men earned more than African American men and African American men earned approximately the same as white women

Question 8

Empirical studies of the effect of competition on discrimination have shown all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) increased international trade lowered the wage gap in less-competitive industries 
B) bank deregulation narrowed the gap between men's and women's wages 
C) among plants with high levels of market power,a greater proportion of women employees raises firm profits 
D) among plants in highly competitive industries,a greater proportion of women employees raises firm profits 
A) increased international trade lowered the wage gap in less-competitive industries 
B) bank deregulation narrowed the gap between men's and women's wages 
C) among plants with high levels of market power,a greater proportion of women employees raises firm profits 
D) among plants in highly competitive industries,a greater proportion of women employees raises firm profits

Question 9

Empirical estimates of the extent of discrimination may be upwardly biased if:

Accepted Answer

A) certain variables which have a positive effect on productivity are omitted from the study 
B) certain variables which have a negative effect on productivity are omitted from the study 
C) many variables (such as education or occupation)reflect discriminatory decisions 
D) all of the above 
A) certain variables which have a positive effect on productivity are omitted from the study 
B) certain variables which have a negative effect on productivity are omitted from the study 
C) many variables (such as education or occupation)reflect discriminatory decisions 
D) all of the above

Question 10

The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was of little help to many women because:

Accepted Answer

A) it did not address occupational segregation 
B) male employers ignored the act because it provided no enforcement power 
C) the act addressed only racial discrimination,not discrimination based on gender 
D) it was declared unconstitutional and later replaced by the Civil Rights Act 
A) it did not address occupational segregation 
B) male employers ignored the act because it provided no enforcement power 
C) the act addressed only racial discrimination,not discrimination based on gender 
D) it was declared unconstitutional and later replaced by the Civil Rights Act

Question 11

Francine Blau and Lawrence Kahn have reported that the gender pay gap is larger in the United States than in countries such as Sweden,Belgium and Australia because:

Accepted Answer

A) American women tend to have less education than women in other countries 
B) The U.S.has not been as committed to equal pay for women as other countries 
C) There is a relatively small gap in pay between low- and high-skilled workers in the U.S.and women are disproportionately represented in lower-skilled jobs 
D) There is a relatively large gap in pay between low- and high-skilled workers in the U.S.and women are disproportionately represented in low-skilled jobs 
A) American women tend to have less education than women in other countries 
B) The U.S.has not been as committed to equal pay for women as other countries 
C) There is a relatively small gap in pay between low- and high-skilled workers in the U.S.and women are disproportionately represented in lower-skilled jobs 
D) There is a relatively large gap in pay between low- and high-skilled workers in the U.S.and women are disproportionately represented in low-skilled jobs

Question 12

Which of the following occupations was less than 60% female in 2011?

Accepted Answer

A) Physicians and surgeons 
B) Cashiers 
C) Elementary and middle school teachers 
D) Waiters and waitresses 
A) Physicians and surgeons 
B) Cashiers 
C) Elementary and middle school teachers 
D) Waiters and waitresses

Question 13

Which of the following exemplifies occupational discrimination?

Accepted Answer

A) 97% of all secretaries are women 
B) women secretaries make,on average,40% of their boss' pay while male secretaries average 50% of their boss' pay 
C) women secretaries average 12 years of education and obtain little on-the-job training; male secretaries average 12.5 years of education and usually qualify for advanced training programs 
D) the unemployment rate for women secretaries is typically 2% higher than that for male secretaries 
A) 97% of all secretaries are women 
B) women secretaries make,on average,40% of their boss' pay while male secretaries average 50% of their boss' pay 
C) women secretaries average 12 years of education and obtain little on-the-job training; male secretaries average 12.5 years of education and usually qualify for advanced training programs 
D) the unemployment rate for women secretaries is typically 2% higher than that for male secretaries

Question 14

An implication of the crowding model of segregation is that:

Accepted Answer

A) labor must be efficiently allocated since all workers are employed 
B) the value of national output is unaffected by the segregation 
C) men's and women's wages would both rise if segregation were reduced 
D) the value of national output is reduced by the segregation. 
A) labor must be efficiently allocated since all workers are employed 
B) the value of national output is unaffected by the segregation 
C) men's and women's wages would both rise if segregation were reduced 
D) the value of national output is reduced by the segregation.

Question 15

The inefficiencies of occupational segregation by gender arise because:

Accepted Answer

A) women are paid less than their values of marginal product 
B) men are paid less than their values of marginal product 
C) both women and men are paid less than their values of marginal product 
D) women's values of marginal product are less than men's,even though they are equally productive 
A) women are paid less than their values of marginal product 
B) men are paid less than their values of marginal product 
C) both women and men are paid less than their values of marginal product 
D) women's values of marginal product are less than men's,even though they are equally productive

Question 16

Critics of the "rational choice" view contend that:

Accepted Answer

A) differences in earnings may be the result of freely-made schooling and occupational choices 
B) differences in schooling and occupational choices are caused by discrimination 
C) wage differentials may be due to nondiscriminatory factors 
D) sexual harassment and discrimination do not affect occupational choices 
A) differences in earnings may be the result of freely-made schooling and occupational choices 
B) differences in schooling and occupational choices are caused by discrimination 
C) wage differentials may be due to nondiscriminatory factors 
D) sexual harassment and discrimination do not affect occupational choices

Question 17

According to the "demand and supply" interpretation of Becker's model,which one of the following will tend to reduce the male-female wage gap?

Accepted Answer

A) An increase in the supply of female labor 
B) An increase in the discrimination coefficients of some employers 
C) An increase in the number of nondiscriminating firms 
D) An overall increase in the demand for labor 
A) An increase in the supply of female labor 
B) An increase in the discrimination coefficients of some employers 
C) An increase in the number of nondiscriminating firms 
D) An overall increase in the demand for labor

Question 18

The index of occupational segregation by sex:

Accepted Answer

A) has fallen steadily since 1973 
B) fell between 1958 and 1973 but has leveled off since then 
C) has increased steadily since 1973 
D) increased between 1958 and 1973 but has leveled off since then 
A) has fallen steadily since 1973 
B) fell between 1958 and 1973 but has leveled off since then 
C) has increased steadily since 1973 
D) increased between 1958 and 1973 but has leveled off since then

Question 19

The African American-white hourly wage ratio is currently about:

Accepted Answer

A) 59% 
B) 67% 
C) 74% 
D) 80% 
A) 59% 
B) 67% 
C) 74% 
D) 80%

Question 20

31 refer to the following diagram, in which Waa/Ww is the ratio of the African American wage rate to the white wage rate: 
-The demand curve in the diagram eventually slopes downward because:

Accepted Answer

A) as the African American-white wage ratio falls,more firms find it "too costly" to indulge their tastes for discrimination 
B) as the African American-white wage ratio rises,more firms find it "too costly" to indulge their tastes for discrimination 
C) as the African American-white wage ratio falls,firms will raise their discrimination coefficients 
D) as the African American-white wage ratio falls,firms will reduce their discrimination coefficients 
A) as the African American-white wage ratio falls,more firms find it "too costly" to indulge their tastes for discrimination 
B) as the African American-white wage ratio rises,more firms find it "too costly" to indulge their tastes for discrimination 
C) as the African American-white wage ratio falls,firms will raise their discrimination coefficients 
D) as the African American-white wage ratio falls,firms will reduce their discrimination coefficients

In 2011 the ratio of female to male hourly wages was approximately:

Which one of the following is a true statement?

Statistical discrimination is:

Which one of the following is an example of premarket discrimination:

Following the change to "blind" orchestra auditions in the 1970 and 1980s:

An employer who is willing to pay a wage premium to avoid employing persons from some particular group is engaging in:

In 2010,average earnings at each educational level indicated that:

Empirical studies of the effect of competition on discrimination have shown all of the following except:

Empirical estimates of the extent of discrimination may be upwardly biased if:

The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was of little help to many women because:

Francine Blau and Lawrence Kahn have reported that the gender pay gap is larger in the United States than in countries such as Sweden,Belgium and Australia because:

Which of the following occupations was less than 60% female in 2011?

Which of the following exemplifies occupational discrimination?

An implication of the crowding model of segregation is that:

The inefficiencies of occupational segregation by gender arise because:

Critics of the "rational choice" view contend that:

According to the "demand and supply" interpretation of Becker's model,which one of the following will tend to reduce the male-female wage gap?

The index of occupational segregation by sex:

The African American-white hourly wage ratio is currently about:

31 refer to the following diagram, in which Waa/Ww is the ratio of the African American wage rate to the white wage rate: -The demand curve in the diagram eventually slopes downward because:

Labor Economics: Introduction and Overview

The Theory of Individual Labor Supply

Population, Participation Rates, and Hours of Work

Labor Quality: Investing in Human Capital

The Demand for Labor

Wage Determination and the Allocation of Labor

Alternative Pay Schemes and Labor Efficiency

The Wage Structure

Mobility,Migration,and Efficiency

Labor Unions and Collective Bargaining

The Economic Impact of Unions

Government and the Labor Market: Employment, Expenditures, and Taxation

Government and the Labor Market: Legislation and Regulation

Job Search: External and Internal

The Distribution of Personal Earnings

Labor Productivity: Wages,Prices,and Employment

Employment and Unemployment

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Exam 14: Labor Market Discrimination

In 2011 the ratio of female to male hourly wages was approximately:

Which one of the following is a true statement?

Statistical discrimination is:

Which one of the following is an example of premarket discrimination:

Following the change to "blind" orchestra auditions in the 1970 and 1980s:

An employer who is willing to pay a wage premium to avoid employing persons from some particular group is engaging in:

In 2010,average earnings at each educational level indicated that:

Empirical studies of the effect of competition on discrimination have shown all of the following except:

Empirical estimates of the extent of discrimination may be upwardly biased if:

The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was of little help to many women because:

Francine Blau and Lawrence Kahn have reported that the gender pay gap is larger in the United States than in countries such as Sweden,Belgium and Australia because:

Which of the following occupations was less than 60% female in 2011?

Which of the following exemplifies occupational discrimination?

An implication of the crowding model of segregation is that:

The inefficiencies of occupational segregation by gender arise because:

Critics of the "rational choice" view contend that:

According to the "demand and supply" interpretation of Becker's model,which one of the following will tend to reduce the male-female wage gap?

The index of occupational segregation by sex:

The African American-white hourly wage ratio is currently about:

31 refer to the following diagram, in which Waa/Ww is the ratio of the African American wage rate to the white wage rate: -The demand curve in the diagram eventually slopes downward because:

Labor Economics: Introduction and Overview

The Theory of Individual Labor Supply

Population, Participation Rates, and Hours of Work

Labor Quality: Investing in Human Capital

The Demand for Labor

Wage Determination and the Allocation of Labor

Alternative Pay Schemes and Labor Efficiency

The Wage Structure

Mobility,Migration,and Efficiency

Labor Unions and Collective Bargaining

The Economic Impact of Unions

Government and the Labor Market: Employment, Expenditures, and Taxation

Government and the Labor Market: Legislation and Regulation

Job Search: External and Internal

The Distribution of Personal Earnings

Labor Productivity: Wages,Prices,and Employment

Employment and Unemployment

Filters