Question 1

How do an enzyme and its substrate fit together?

Accepted Answer

A) The enzyme breaks down as product is released 
B) The whole enzyme is a key that fits into the substrate that is a lock forming a new molecule product 
C) Any active site is permanently changed when it interacts with the substrate 
D) As the substrate binds to the enzyme,the shape of the active site changes to accommodate the reaction 
A) The enzyme breaks down as product is released 
B) The whole enzyme is a key that fits into the substrate that is a lock forming a new molecule product 
C) Any active site is permanently changed when it interacts with the substrate 
D) As the substrate binds to the enzyme,the shape of the active site changes to accommodate the reaction

Question 2

Which process produces alcohol or lactate?

Accepted Answer

A) The Krebs cycle 
B) Glycolysis 
C) The electron transport system 
D) Fermentation 
E) Oxidative phosphorylation 
A) The Krebs cycle 
B) Glycolysis 
C) The electron transport system 
D) Fermentation 
E) Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 3

Which process occurs in the cytoplasm outside the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A) Krebs cycle 
B) Glycolysis 
C) Electron transport system 
D) Substrate level phosphorylation 
A) Krebs cycle 
B) Glycolysis 
C) Electron transport system 
D) Substrate level phosphorylation

Question 4

Aerobic metabolism requires oxygen consumption and the ultimate source of this free oxygen is generated by autotrophic organisms by the process of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Aerobic metabolism requires oxygen consumption and the...

Question 5

The second law of thermodynamics states that

Accepted Answer

A) energy is not created nor destroyed,but it can change into matter. 
B) energy is not created nor destroyed,but it can change from one energy form to another. 
C) energy organizes in a closed system and moves toward increasing order. 
D) energy dissipates in a closed system and moves toward increasing disorder. 
A) energy is not created nor destroyed,but it can change into matter. 
B) energy is not created nor destroyed,but it can change from one energy form to another. 
C) energy organizes in a closed system and moves toward increasing order. 
D) energy dissipates in a closed system and moves toward increasing disorder.

Question 6

Glycolysis produces a net yield of ____ ATP molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 10 
A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 10

Question 7

Some desert mammals and beetles can live their life without ever drinking liquid water;they survive on "metabolic water." Which is the most likely source of "metabolic water?"

Accepted Answer

A) Is absorbed from the air along with respiratory oxygen. 
B) Results from oxidative phosphorylation inside the mitochondria. 
C) Is a breakdown product from glycolysis in the cytoplasm. 
D) Is water that was never allowed to pass out the cell. 
A) Is absorbed from the air along with respiratory oxygen. 
B) Results from oxidative phosphorylation inside the mitochondria. 
C) Is a breakdown product from glycolysis in the cytoplasm. 
D) Is water that was never allowed to pass out the cell.

Question 8

Discuss the recent research that claims that food intake,and therefore the amount of fat deposition,is creating a "set point" in specific parts of the brain.

Accepted Answer

Recent research has suggested that food

Question 9

When exergonic and endergonic reactions are coupled,which reaction involves more energy and why are the reaction energies not exactly the same?

Accepted Answer

When exergonic and endergonic reactions

Question 10

Which process involves chemiosmotic coupling?

Accepted Answer

A) The Krebs cycle 
B) Glycolysis 
C) The electron transport system 
D) Fermentation 
A) The Krebs cycle 
B) Glycolysis 
C) The electron transport system 
D) Fermentation

Question 11

In the absence of oxygen,glycolysis results in glucose being degraded into two 3-carbon molecules of ______ _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the absence of oxygen,glycolysis results in...

Question 12

Which is true of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

Accepted Answer

A) All enzymes promote only catabolic reactions 
B) Reactions catalyzed by most enzymes tend to go predominantly in one direction 
C) All enzymatic reactions are reversible and produce equal amounts of products in both directions 
D) All enzymes promote only anabolic reactions 
A) All enzymes promote only catabolic reactions 
B) Reactions catalyzed by most enzymes tend to go predominantly in one direction 
C) All enzymatic reactions are reversible and produce equal amounts of products in both directions 
D) All enzymes promote only anabolic reactions

Question 13

How specific are enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) Many enzymes can "cross over" to catalyze reactions of different substrates in the same chemical family 
B) There are 20 amino acids and therefore 20 enzymes that control all protein metabolic reactions 
C) An enzyme catalyzes one reaction but it may produce one product one time,another product another time 
D) An enzyme catalyzes one reaction and it produces a distinct product 
A) Many enzymes can "cross over" to catalyze reactions of different substrates in the same chemical family 
B) There are 20 amino acids and therefore 20 enzymes that control all protein metabolic reactions 
C) An enzyme catalyzes one reaction but it may produce one product one time,another product another time 
D) An enzyme catalyzes one reaction and it produces a distinct product

Question 14

What establishes an electrochemical gradient across a membrane to provide energy for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

A) The mitochondrion's electron transport system provides the ions 
B) Hydrogen ions naturally collect on the outside of the organelle membrane 
C) Hydrogen ions are pumped across the membrane by carrier proteins 
D) All of the choices establish the electrochemical gradient 
A) The mitochondrion's electron transport system provides the ions 
B) Hydrogen ions naturally collect on the outside of the organelle membrane 
C) Hydrogen ions are pumped across the membrane by carrier proteins 
D) All of the choices establish the electrochemical gradient

Question 15

According to the laws of physics governing energy

Accepted Answer

A) when a liter of gasoline is burned in a car engine,100% of its energy moves the car along the road. 
B) when you eat a kilogram of food,you will assemble exactly a kilogram of additional body weight on your body. 
C) sunlight that is absorbed on the earth eventually returns to space as dispersed heat. 
D) a calorie of sunlight becomes a calorie of plant tissue that,when eaten by an animal,becomes a calorie of heat lost in muscle "power." 
A) when a liter of gasoline is burned in a car engine,100% of its energy moves the car along the road. 
B) when you eat a kilogram of food,you will assemble exactly a kilogram of additional body weight on your body. 
C) sunlight that is absorbed on the earth eventually returns to space as dispersed heat. 
D) a calorie of sunlight becomes a calorie of plant tissue that,when eaten by an animal,becomes a calorie of heat lost in muscle "power."

Question 16

The enzyme-substrate complex is

Accepted Answer

A) not strong and will freely dissociate after it stresses certain chemical bonds in a substrate. 
B) secured by covalent bonds to one or more points in the active site of the enzyme. 
C) able to display unique spectroscopic characteristics not seen by either the enzyme or the substrate alone. 
D) proved by the saturation effect in which the reaction rate reaches a maximum even through more substrate is added. 
E) all of the choices are correct. 
A) not strong and will freely dissociate after it stresses certain chemical bonds in a substrate. 
B) secured by covalent bonds to one or more points in the active site of the enzyme. 
C) able to display unique spectroscopic characteristics not seen by either the enzyme or the substrate alone. 
D) proved by the saturation effect in which the reaction rate reaches a maximum even through more substrate is added. 
E) all of the choices are correct.

Question 17

Which form of energy is NOT correctly associated with an example?

Accepted Answer

A) Kinetic energy: glucose 
B) Kinetic energy: muscle movement 
C) Potential energy: water held behind a dam 
D) Kinetic energy: a ball rolling down a hill 
A) Kinetic energy: glucose 
B) Kinetic energy: muscle movement 
C) Potential energy: water held behind a dam 
D) Kinetic energy: a ball rolling down a hill

Question 18

Which pairs of processes are anaerobic?

Accepted Answer

A) Glycolysis and the electron transport system 
B) Fermentation and the Krebs cycle 
C) Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle 
D) Fermentation and glycolysis 
A) Glycolysis and the electron transport system 
B) Fermentation and the Krebs cycle 
C) Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle 
D) Fermentation and glycolysis

Question 19

Living organisms contain stored energy in the form of chemical compounds.When organisms die,what happens to this stored energy?

Accepted Answer

A) All molecules immediately degrade into basic elements 
B) All chemicals immediately lose their high-energy bonds 
C) Cells lose their organization over time and macromolecules break down because there is no longer an input of energy to maintain an organized state 
D) Chemical compounds remain intact and ready to start up again unless digested by a consumer or decomposer 
A) All molecules immediately degrade into basic elements 
B) All chemicals immediately lose their high-energy bonds 
C) Cells lose their organization over time and macromolecules break down because there is no longer an input of energy to maintain an organized state 
D) Chemical compounds remain intact and ready to start up again unless digested by a consumer or decomposer

Question 20

Following glycolysis,the two molecules of pyruvic acid enter a mitochondrion where each molecule is oxidized to produce

Accepted Answer

A) glucose. 
B) acetyl CoA and carbon dioxide. 
C) acetyl CoA and water. 
D) pyruvates and carbon dioxide. 
A) glucose. 
B) acetyl CoA and carbon dioxide. 
C) acetyl CoA and water. 
D) pyruvates and carbon dioxide.

Exam 4: Cellular Metabolism

How do an enzyme and its substrate fit together?

Which process produces alcohol or lactate?

Which process occurs in the cytoplasm outside the mitochondria?

Aerobic metabolism requires oxygen consumption and the ultimate source of this free oxygen is generated by autotrophic organisms by the process of _______.

The second law of thermodynamics states that

Glycolysis produces a net yield of ____ ATP molecules.

Some desert mammals and beetles can live their life without ever drinking liquid water;they survive on "metabolic water." Which is the most likely source of "metabolic water?"

Discuss the recent research that claims that food intake,and therefore the amount of fat deposition,is creating a "set point" in specific parts of the brain.

When exergonic and endergonic reactions are coupled,which reaction involves more energy and why are the reaction energies not exactly the same?

Which process involves chemiosmotic coupling?

In the absence of oxygen,glycolysis results in glucose being degraded into two 3-carbon molecules of ______ _______.

Which is true of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

How specific are enzymes?

What establishes an electrochemical gradient across a membrane to provide energy for ATP production?

According to the laws of physics governing energy

The enzyme-substrate complex is

Which form of energy is NOT correctly associated with an example?

Which pairs of processes are anaerobic?

Living organisms contain stored energy in the form of chemical compounds.When organisms die,what happens to this stored energy?

Following glycolysis,the two molecules of pyruvic acid enter a mitochondrion where each molecule is oxidized to produce

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Cells As Units of Life

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectual Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Cnidarians and Ctenophores

Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Hexapods

Chaetognaths, echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, Protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distribution

Animal Ecology

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In the absence of oxygen,glycolysis results in glucose being degraded into two 3-carbon molecules of _.