Question 1

The second law of thermodynamics states that as energy moves through different forms and systems, it gradually:

Accepted Answer

A) Becomes more concentrated 
B) Dissipates and becomes unavailable 
C) Disappears and is lost 
D) Accumulates in the form of electricity 
E) Changes from kinetic to potential energy 
A) Becomes more concentrated 
B) Dissipates and becomes unavailable 
C) Disappears and is lost 
D) Accumulates in the form of electricity 
E) Changes from kinetic to potential energy

Question 2

The process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are similar as that they both

Accepted Answer

A) Capture energy in the form of sugar 
B) Occur in all living organisms 
C) Store energy in the form of ATP 
D) Capture energy from the sun 
E) Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are not similar, they are opposite processes 
A) Capture energy in the form of sugar 
B) Occur in all living organisms 
C) Store energy in the form of ATP 
D) Capture energy from the sun 
E) Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are not similar, they are opposite processes

Question 3

Detritivores, scavengers, and decomposers are all similar as they:

Accepted Answer

A) Consume nonliving organic matter 
B) Are primarily microorganisms 
C) Are primary producers 
D) Are among the Earth's least useful organisms 
E) Consume abiotic material 
A) Consume nonliving organic matter 
B) Are primarily microorganisms 
C) Are primary producers 
D) Are among the Earth's least useful organisms 
E) Consume abiotic material

Question 4

Biomass includes all:

Accepted Answer

A) Material in an ecosystem 
B) Things that are living at a given time 
C) Living and nonliving things 
D) Matter produced by primary producers 
E) Biological material 
A) Material in an ecosystem 
B) Things that are living at a given time 
C) Living and nonliving things 
D) Matter produced by primary producers 
E) Biological material

Question 5

Which of the following statements is false?
I.Nutrients are cycled in the ecosphere in biogeochemical cycles.
II.Elements in the rock cycle are generally cycled slower than elements in gaseous cycles.
III.Biogeochemical cycles are driven by the sun and by gravity.
IV.There are three types of biogeochemical cycles: air, water, and land.
V.The hydrologic cycle involves the ocean, air, land, and living organisms.
Change the false answer above to a true statement.

Accepted Answer

IV is False.There are many typ

Question 6

An enzyme ____________ a chemical reaction and ______________ so it is ready to perform the reaction again.

Accepted Answer

A) catalyzes; is not consumed as it is used 
B) speeds up; organizes pieces together to form something different 
C) slows; is not consumed as it is used 
D) initiates; provides the energy to put something together 
A) catalyzes; is not consumed as it is used 
B) speeds up; organizes pieces together to form something different 
C) slows; is not consumed as it is used 
D) initiates; provides the energy to put something together

Question 7

Energy enters a system as sunlight and a producer is able to produce 10 kilograms of tissue.If eaten, the producer would produce about ______ kilogram(s) of consumer tissue that would provide about __________ kilogram(s) of tissue for a secondary consumer.

Accepted Answer

A) 100; 10 
B) 10; 1 
C) 100; 1 
D) 1; 0.1 
E) 10; 0.1 
A) 100; 10 
B) 10; 1 
C) 100; 1 
D) 1; 0.1 
E) 10; 0.1

Question 8

Living vegetation and the ocean are known as "carbon sinks" because:

Accepted Answer

A) They are made of carbon. 
B) They create carbon. 
C) They destroy carbon. 
D) They store carbon. 
E) Due to gravity, carbon is found closer to the ground. 
A) They are made of carbon. 
B) They create carbon. 
C) They destroy carbon. 
D) They store carbon. 
E) Due to gravity, carbon is found closer to the ground.

Question 9

Nucleic acid is to _______, as lipid is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A) Cellular membrane structure; energy storage 
B) Cellulose structure; genetic storage 
C) Energy storage; cellulose structure 
D) Genetic storage; cellular membrane structure 
E) Energy storage; genetic storage 
A) Cellular membrane structure; energy storage 
B) Cellulose structure; genetic storage 
C) Energy storage; cellulose structure 
D) Genetic storage; cellular membrane structure 
E) Energy storage; genetic storage

Question 10

Which of the following does not cycle repeatedly through the Earth's ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A) Water 
B) Nitrogen 
C) Matter 
D) Carbon 
E) Energy 
A) Water 
B) Nitrogen 
C) Matter 
D) Carbon 
E) Energy

Question 11

Human activities such as the ____________ release large quantities of sulfur.

Accepted Answer

A) Burning of fossil fuels 
B) Burning of wood 
C) Use of synthetic fertilizers 
D) Use of detergents 
E) Cultivation of sulfur-fixing crops 
A) Burning of fossil fuels 
B) Burning of wood 
C) Use of synthetic fertilizers 
D) Use of detergents 
E) Cultivation of sulfur-fixing crops

Question 12

As energy is used and transformed, it gradually becomes _______ quality and _______ concentrated.

Accepted Answer

A) Higher; more 
B) Lower; more 
C) Higher; less 
D) Lower; less 
E) As energy is used, it does not become transformed; there is no change in quality, and it stays the same concentration 
A) Higher; more 
B) Lower; more 
C) Higher; less 
D) Lower; less 
E) As energy is used, it does not become transformed; there is no change in quality, and it stays the same concentration

Question 13

How are matter and mass related?

Accepted Answer

A) Mass is a component of matter. 
B) Neither matter nor mass take up space. 
C) Matter is a component of mass. 
D) Both matter and mass take up space. 
E) Mass takes up space, while matter does not take up space. 
A) Mass is a component of matter. 
B) Neither matter nor mass take up space. 
C) Matter is a component of mass. 
D) Both matter and mass take up space. 
E) Mass takes up space, while matter does not take up space.

Question 14

Primary consumers are also known as:

Accepted Answer

A) Carnivores 
B) Scavengers 
C) Decomposers 
D) Herbivores 
E) Top carnivores 
A) Carnivores 
B) Scavengers 
C) Decomposers 
D) Herbivores 
E) Top carnivores

Question 15

Which of the following is a form of energy?

Accepted Answer

A) Electricity 
B) Food 
C) Heat 
D) Light 
E) All of these are forms of energy 
A) Electricity 
B) Food 
C) Heat 
D) Light 
E) All of these are forms of energy

Question 16

If an ecosystem exchanges both matter and energy with its surroundings, it would be referred to as a(n) ______ system.

Accepted Answer

A) Closed 
B) Open 
C) Dynamic 
D) Isolated 
E) Interactive 
A) Closed 
B) Open 
C) Dynamic 
D) Isolated 
E) Interactive

Question 17

Acids and bases are highly reactive; therefore, they can cause important environmental problems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following biogeochemical cycles does not have an atmospheric phase?

Accepted Answer

A) Hydrologic cycle 
B) Nitrogen cycle 
C) Sulfur cycle 
D) Carbon cycle 
E) Phosphorous cycle 
A) Hydrologic cycle 
B) Nitrogen cycle 
C) Sulfur cycle 
D) Carbon cycle 
E) Phosphorous cycle

Question 19

Potential energy is _______ energy.

Accepted Answer

A) Electrical 
B) Motion 
C) Stored 
D) Heat 
E) Latent 
A) Electrical 
B) Motion 
C) Stored 
D) Heat 
E) Latent

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) O3 
B) O2 
C) H2O 
D) C6H12O6 
E) Na+ 
A) O3 
B) O2 
C) H2O 
D) C6H12O6 
E) Na+

Exam 3: Matter, Energy, and Life

The second law of thermodynamics states that as energy moves through different forms and systems, it gradually:

The process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are similar as that they both

Detritivores, scavengers, and decomposers are all similar as they:

Biomass includes all:

An enzyme ____________ a chemical reaction and ______________ so it is ready to perform the reaction again.

Energy enters a system as sunlight and a producer is able to produce 10 kilograms of tissue.If eaten, the producer would produce about ______ kilogram(s) of consumer tissue that would provide about __________ kilogram(s) of tissue for a secondary consumer.

Living vegetation and the ocean are known as "carbon sinks" because:

Nucleic acid is to _______, as lipid is to _______.

Which of the following does not cycle repeatedly through the Earth's ecosystems?

Human activities such as the ____________ release large quantities of sulfur.

As energy is used and transformed, it gradually becomes _______ quality and _______ concentrated.

How are matter and mass related?

Primary consumers are also known as:

Which of the following is a form of energy?

If an ecosystem exchanges both matter and energy with its surroundings, it would be referred to as a(n) ______ system.

Acids and bases are highly reactive; therefore, they can cause important environmental problems.

Which of the following biogeochemical cycles does not have an atmospheric phase?

Potential energy is _______ energy.

Which of the following is NOT a molecule?

Understanding Our Environment

Principles of Science and Systems

Evolution, Biological Communities, and Species Interactions

Biomes

Population Biology

Human Populations

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Food and Hunger

Farming: Conventional and Sustainable Practices

Biodiversity

Biodiversity: Preserving Landscapes

Restoration Ecology

Geology and Earth Resources

Climate Change

Air Pollution

Water Use and Management

Water Pollution

Conventional Energy

Sustainable Energy

Solid, Toxic, and Hazardous Waste

Urbanization and Sustainable Cities

Ecological Economics

Environmental Policy, Law, and Planning

What Then Shall We Do

Filters

An enzyme a chemical reaction and __ so it is ready to perform the reaction again.

Energy enters a system as sunlight and a producer is able to produce 10 kilograms of tissue.If eaten, the producer would produce about kilogram(s) of consumer tissue that would provide about ____ kilogram(s) of tissue for a secondary consumer.

Nucleic acid is to _, as lipid is to _.

As energy is used and transformed, it gradually becomes _ quality and _ concentrated.