Question 1

Humans can best be described as

Accepted Answer

A) Occupying a narrow niche 
B) An example of convergent evolution 
C) Outside the rules of natural selection 
D) Specialists 
E) Generalists 
A) Occupying a narrow niche 
B) An example of convergent evolution 
C) Outside the rules of natural selection 
D) Specialists 
E) Generalists

Question 2

A biological community's productivity is a measure of

Accepted Answer

A) Its number of species 
B) The number of individuals in the community 
C) Available solar energy that can be converted to biomass 
D) The amount of biomass produced in the community 
E) All of these are combined in measuring a community's productivity 
A) Its number of species 
B) The number of individuals in the community 
C) Available solar energy that can be converted to biomass 
D) The amount of biomass produced in the community 
E) All of these are combined in measuring a community's productivity

Question 3

In some species, young individuals float freely as plankton while mature members are fixed on the seafloor.This is an effective strategy because

Accepted Answer

A) The different life phases of these species do not compete for food 
B) Fixed adults are more likely to survive 
C) Predators cannot catch plankton 
D) The adults can find mates more readily 
A) The different life phases of these species do not compete for food 
B) Fixed adults are more likely to survive 
C) Predators cannot catch plankton 
D) The adults can find mates more readily

Question 4

A generalist is a species that

Accepted Answer

A) Occupies a large habitat range 
B) Occupies a wide range of ecological niches 
C) Can reproduce under highly variable conditions 
D) Can reproduce only under specific conditions 
E) None of these are characteristics of a generalist species 
A) Occupies a large habitat range 
B) Occupies a wide range of ecological niches 
C) Can reproduce under highly variable conditions 
D) Can reproduce only under specific conditions 
E) None of these are characteristics of a generalist species

Question 5

Predation influences evolution when

Accepted Answer

A) Prey species develop defensive characteristics over generations 
B) An individual predator adapts and becomes more efficient in catching its prey 
C) Predators kill off all of their prey 
D) A population of predators develop defensive characteristics 
E) Prey species change their reproductive rate to match predation in the local ecosystem 
A) Prey species develop defensive characteristics over generations 
B) An individual predator adapts and becomes more efficient in catching its prey 
C) Predators kill off all of their prey 
D) A population of predators develop defensive characteristics 
E) Prey species change their reproductive rate to match predation in the local ecosystem

Question 6

The most common reason that introduced species negatively impact an environment is because they

Accepted Answer

A) Are larger than native species 
B) Disrupt preexisting niches 
C) Are unusually efficient predators 
D) None of these is correct 
A) Are larger than native species 
B) Disrupt preexisting niches 
C) Are unusually efficient predators 
D) None of these is correct

Question 7

"Abundance" describes the total number of _________ while "diversity" describes the number of _________.

Accepted Answer

A) Species in a community; individual organisms in a community 
B) Organisms in a community; species in a community 
C) Individuals in a niche; niches available to a given species 
D) Species in a bioregion; trophic levels in a community 
E) Biomes; habitats available for different species 
A) Species in a community; individual organisms in a community 
B) Organisms in a community; species in a community 
C) Individuals in a niche; niches available to a given species 
D) Species in a bioregion; trophic levels in a community 
E) Biomes; habitats available for different species

Question 8

____________________ is the term used to describe two species that look alike and are both danergous or unpalatable.

Accepted Answer

A) Mullerian mimicry 
B) Batesian mimicry 
C) Symbiosis 
D) Commensalism 
A) Mullerian mimicry 
B) Batesian mimicry 
C) Symbiosis 
D) Commensalism

Question 9

Primary succession occurs when a community develops ____________ while secondary succession occurs when one ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Into a climax community; species replaces another 
B) And replaces another; ecosystem becomes stable 
C) On bare rock; biological community replaces another 
D) And then fails; niche changes 
E) Intraspecific competition; experiences interspecific competition 
A) Into a climax community; species replaces another 
B) And replaces another; ecosystem becomes stable 
C) On bare rock; biological community replaces another 
D) And then fails; niche changes 
E) Intraspecific competition; experiences interspecific competition

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for successfully avoiding interspecific competition?

Accepted Answer

A) Eating fruit before it is ripe for other species 
B) Trees spreading seeds or offspring far and fast 
C) Producing substances that are toxic to competitors 
D) All of these are strategies for successful interspecific competition 
A) Eating fruit before it is ripe for other species 
B) Trees spreading seeds or offspring far and fast 
C) Producing substances that are toxic to competitors 
D) All of these are strategies for successful interspecific competition

Question 11

A keystone species is a species whose presence

Accepted Answer

A) Is the main reason a community exists 
B) Provides food for all other species in a community 
C) Is an indicator of environmental health 
D) Influences the population size of many other species in its community 
E) Is always at the top of the trophic levels as a top predator 
A) Is the main reason a community exists 
B) Provides food for all other species in a community 
C) Is an indicator of environmental health 
D) Influences the population size of many other species in its community 
E) Is always at the top of the trophic levels as a top predator

Question 12

As ecological development proceeds, a biological community

Accepted Answer

A) Gradually stagnates 
B) Becomes more diverse 
C) Goes through repeated secondary succession stages 
D) Goes through repeated primary succession stages 
E) Becomes less complex 
A) Gradually stagnates 
B) Becomes more diverse 
C) Goes through repeated secondary succession stages 
D) Goes through repeated primary succession stages 
E) Becomes less complex

Question 13

Symbiosis means

Accepted Answer

A) A relationship in which both species benefit 
B) A parasitic relationship 
C) Commensalism 
D) Living together 
E) A relationship in which one species benefits and the other does not benefit 
A) A relationship in which both species benefit 
B) A parasitic relationship 
C) Commensalism 
D) Living together 
E) A relationship in which one species benefits and the other does not benefit

Question 14

Complexity in an ecological community has to do with the number of

Accepted Answer

A) Species in the population 
B) Species at each trophic level 
C) Genetic variations within a species 
D) Primary producers available 
E) Primary producers relative to the number of consumers 
A) Species in the population 
B) Species at each trophic level 
C) Genetic variations within a species 
D) Primary producers available 
E) Primary producers relative to the number of consumers

Question 15

Epiphytes growing on tropical trees exemplify

Accepted Answer

A) Mutualism 
B) Predation 
C) Parasitism 
D) Commensalism 
E) Intraspecific competition 
A) Mutualism 
B) Predation 
C) Parasitism 
D) Commensalism 
E) Intraspecific competition

Question 16

In the coastal forest of Oregon an area was clear-cut for logging.Trees at the edge of the clearing and 200 meters into the forest died within a few months after the logging began.What is the best explanation for the death of the trees?

Accepted Answer

A) The trees at the edge of the forest were more prone to disease 
B) Increased sunlight, wind and temperature negatively affected the trees 
C) The roots of all of the trees were damaged 
D) Nitrogen fixing bacteria in the roots of the trees were killed 
A) The trees at the edge of the forest were more prone to disease 
B) Increased sunlight, wind and temperature negatively affected the trees 
C) The roots of all of the trees were damaged 
D) Nitrogen fixing bacteria in the roots of the trees were killed

Question 17

Evolution occurs as a result of

Accepted Answer

A) The discovery of a desirable characteristic in a population 
B) An individual's physiological modification 
C) An environmental change that forces modification in a resident species 
D) Better survival or reproduction rates by individuals with a particular characteristic 
E) A population's physiological modification 
A) The discovery of a desirable characteristic in a population 
B) An individual's physiological modification 
C) An environmental change that forces modification in a resident species 
D) Better survival or reproduction rates by individuals with a particular characteristic 
E) A population's physiological modification

Question 18

A community that changes very little over time is said to have great

Accepted Answer

A) Renewal ability 
B) Complexity 
C) Diversity 
D) Constancy 
E) Connectedness 
A) Renewal ability 
B) Complexity 
C) Diversity 
D) Constancy 
E) Connectedness

Question 19

Which of the following fish species would be the best indicator of clean, well-oxygenated water?

Accepted Answer

A) Carp 
B) Largemouth bass 
C) Catfish 
D) Rainbow trout 
E) Sunfish 
A) Carp 
B) Largemouth bass 
C) Catfish 
D) Rainbow trout 
E) Sunfish

Question 20

Use the following example:
A species can withstand a narrow range of temperature. Above 100S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0F there are no species present. In the range from 97S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0F to 100S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0F and 90S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0F to 94S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0F there are a few species present. Below 90S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0F there are no species present.

-What would you label the range of temperature from 95$\circ$F to 96$\circ$F for this particular species in the scenario?

Accepted Answer

A) Zone of intolerance 
B) Tolerance limit range 
C) Zone of physiological stress 
D) Optimal range 
E) Range of tolerance 
A) Zone of intolerance 
B) Tolerance limit range 
C) Zone of physiological stress 
D) Optimal range 
E) Range of tolerance

Exam 4: Evolution, Biological Communities, and Species Interactions

Humans can best be described as

A biological community's productivity is a measure of

In some species, young individuals float freely as plankton while mature members are fixed on the seafloor.This is an effective strategy because

A generalist is a species that

Predation influences evolution when

The most common reason that introduced species negatively impact an environment is because they

"Abundance" describes the total number of _________ while "diversity" describes the number of _________.

____________________ is the term used to describe two species that look alike and are both danergous or unpalatable.

Primary succession occurs when a community develops ____________ while secondary succession occurs when one ________.

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for successfully avoiding interspecific competition?

A keystone species is a species whose presence

As ecological development proceeds, a biological community

Symbiosis means

Complexity in an ecological community has to do with the number of

Epiphytes growing on tropical trees exemplify

In the coastal forest of Oregon an area was clear-cut for logging.Trees at the edge of the clearing and 200 meters into the forest died within a few months after the logging began.What is the best explanation for the death of the trees?

Evolution occurs as a result of

A community that changes very little over time is said to have great

Which of the following fish species would be the best indicator of clean, well-oxygenated water?

Understanding Our Environment

Principles of Science and Systems

Matter, Energy, and Life

Biomes

Population Biology

Human Populations

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Food and Hunger

Farming: Conventional and Sustainable Practices

Biodiversity

Biodiversity: Preserving Landscapes

Restoration Ecology

Geology and Earth Resources

Climate Change

Air Pollution

Water Use and Management

Water Pollution

Conventional Energy

Sustainable Energy

Solid, Toxic, and Hazardous Waste

Urbanization and Sustainable Cities

Ecological Economics

Environmental Policy, Law, and Planning

What Then Shall We Do

Filters

"Abundance" describes the total number of _ while "diversity" describes the number of _.

Primary succession occurs when a community develops ____ while secondary succession occurs when one .