Question 1

Mischel believes that people regulate their own behavior through

Accepted Answer

A) external rewards and punishments. 
B) an internal locus of control. 
C) self-made goals and consequences. 
D) a self-created master motive. 
A) external rewards and punishments. 
B) an internal locus of control. 
C) self-made goals and consequences. 
D) a self-created master motive.

Question 2

Mischel's early research led him to believe that behavior is mostly a function of

Accepted Answer

A) fortuitous events. 
B) the situation. 
C) stable personal traits. 
D) motivation. 
E) none of these. 
A) fortuitous events. 
B) the situation. 
C) stable personal traits. 
D) motivation. 
E) none of these.

Question 3

Rotter's Internal-External Control Scale is an attempt to

Accepted Answer

A) measure generalized expectancies. 
B) place people into internal and external control categories. 
C) determine the causes of human behavior. 
D) predict behavior in a specific situation. 
E) measure psychological health. 
A) measure generalized expectancies. 
B) place people into internal and external control categories. 
C) determine the causes of human behavior. 
D) predict behavior in a specific situation. 
E) measure psychological health.

Question 4

The more long-range goal of Rotter's approach to psychotherapy was the

Accepted Answer

A) extinction of maladaptive behaviors. 
B) acquisition of a unifying philosophy of life. 
C) change in the patient's orientation to life. 
D) elimination of all personal problems. 
E) uncovering of unconscious material. 
A) extinction of maladaptive behaviors. 
B) acquisition of a unifying philosophy of life. 
C) change in the patient's orientation to life. 
D) elimination of all personal problems. 
E) uncovering of unconscious material.

Question 5

Mischel believes that perhaps the most stable of all person variables is

Accepted Answer

A) self-efficacy. 
B) interpersonal trust. 
C) encoding strategies. 
D) cognitive competencies. 
A) self-efficacy. 
B) interpersonal trust. 
C) encoding strategies. 
D) cognitive competencies.

Question 6

According to Mischel,behavior tends to be consistent in different situations to the extent that

Accepted Answer

A) we subjectively evaluate those situations. 
B) we objectively evaluate those situations. 
C) our expectancies are flexible. 
D) our expectancies are unchanging. 
A) we subjectively evaluate those situations. 
B) we objectively evaluate those situations. 
C) our expectancies are flexible. 
D) our expectancies are unchanging.

Question 7

List and briefly explain Mischel and Shoda's five cognitive-affective units.

Accepted Answer

A.Cognitive-affective units include a va

Question 8

List Rotter's four variables of prediction and briefly define each of them.

Accepted Answer

A.Rotter's variables of prediction are (

Question 9

At the core of Rotter's personality theory is his emphasis on

Accepted Answer

A) anticipated goals. 
B) consistency of behavior. 
C) the study of rats rather than pigeons. 
D) the role of evolution in shaping personality. 
A) anticipated goals. 
B) consistency of behavior. 
C) the study of rats rather than pigeons. 
D) the role of evolution in shaping personality.

Question 10

Research by Mischel and Staub found that 8th-grade boys who believed that they had been successful on an earlier task

Accepted Answer

A) tended to choose immediate,but less valuable rewards. 
B) chose immediate,more valuable rewards. 
C) were able to wait for more valued,contingent rewards. 
D) showed widely varied choices in a delay of gratification task. 
A) tended to choose immediate,but less valuable rewards. 
B) chose immediate,more valuable rewards. 
C) were able to wait for more valued,contingent rewards. 
D) showed widely varied choices in a delay of gratification task.

Question 11

According to Rotter,people who are likely to give others a second chance tend to score

Accepted Answer

A) high on internal control of reinforcement. 
B) low on interpersonal trust. 
C) high on external control of reinforcement. 
D) high on interpersonal trust. 
A) high on internal control of reinforcement. 
B) low on interpersonal trust. 
C) high on external control of reinforcement. 
D) high on interpersonal trust.

Question 12

Mischel is most likely to say that

Accepted Answer

A) an individual's behaviors can be inconsistent from one situation to another. 
B) an individual's personality traits are not likely to endure over a period of time. 
C) human behavior is completely shaped by the laws of reinforcement. 
D) human personality is shaped by chance encounters and fortuitous events. 
A) an individual's behaviors can be inconsistent from one situation to another. 
B) an individual's personality traits are not likely to endure over a period of time. 
C) human behavior is completely shaped by the laws of reinforcement. 
D) human personality is shaped by chance encounters and fortuitous events.

Question 13

In Rotter's theory of personality,what is the relationship between need potential and behavior potential?

Accepted Answer

A) Need potential is a hypothetical concept,whereas behavior potential refers to an individual's actual behavior. 
B) Need potential refers to a group of functionally related behaviors; behavior potential refers to a particular behavior. 
C) Need potential can be measured solely through the observation of behavior,whereas behavior potential is inferred from test scores. 
D) There is no relationship between these two concepts. 
A) Need potential is a hypothetical concept,whereas behavior potential refers to an individual's actual behavior. 
B) Need potential refers to a group of functionally related behaviors; behavior potential refers to a particular behavior. 
C) Need potential can be measured solely through the observation of behavior,whereas behavior potential is inferred from test scores. 
D) There is no relationship between these two concepts.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of Mischel and Shoda's cognitive-affective units?

Accepted Answer

A) sense of self-efficacy 
B) encoding strategies 
C) goals and values 
D) competencies and self-regulatory strategies 
E) expectancies and beliefs 
A) sense of self-efficacy 
B) encoding strategies 
C) goals and values 
D) competencies and self-regulatory strategies 
E) expectancies and beliefs

Question 15

Unlike Skinner,Julian Rotter contended that an adequate theory of human behavior

Accepted Answer

A) is not possible at this stage in the development of psychology as a science. 
B) should reject hypothetical constructs as explanations of behavior. 
C) can be extrapolated from the study of animal behavior. 
D) must be built on people's expectations of the future. 
A) is not possible at this stage in the development of psychology as a science. 
B) should reject hypothetical constructs as explanations of behavior. 
C) can be extrapolated from the study of animal behavior. 
D) must be built on people's expectations of the future.

Question 16

"The probability held by the individual that a particular reinforcement will occur as a function of a specific behavior on his [or her] part in a specific situation or situations" is Rotter's definition of

Accepted Answer

A) empirical law of effect. 
B) need. 
C) reinforcement value. 
D) expectancy. 
E) behavior potential. 
A) empirical law of effect. 
B) need. 
C) reinforcement value. 
D) expectancy. 
E) behavior potential.

Question 17

Rotter stated that when expectancies and situational variables are held constant,behavior is shaped by

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement value. 
B) freedom of movement. 
C) the specific expectancies. 
D) all of these. 
A) reinforcement value. 
B) freedom of movement. 
C) the specific expectancies. 
D) all of these.

Question 18

Rotter's basic prediction formula is most useful when

Accepted Answer

A) predicting novel behaviors. 
B) pertinent variables are rigorously controlled. 
C) making generalized predictions. 
D) need value is unknown. 
E) making specific predictions. 
A) predicting novel behaviors. 
B) pertinent variables are rigorously controlled. 
C) making generalized predictions. 
D) need value is unknown. 
E) making specific predictions.

Question 19

According to Rotter,conflict is most likely to arise when freedom of movement is

Accepted Answer

A) low and need value is high. 
B) high and need value is low. 
C) high and need value is high. 
D) low and need value is low. 
A) low and need value is high. 
B) high and need value is low. 
C) high and need value is high. 
D) low and need value is low.

Question 20

"The potential for any given behavior to occur in a particular situation or set of situations as calculated in relation to any single reinforcement or set of reinforcements",is Rotter's definition of

Accepted Answer

A) empirical law of effect. 
B) the psychological situation. 
C) behavior potential. 
D) expectancy. 
E) reinforcement value. 
A) empirical law of effect. 
B) the psychological situation. 
C) behavior potential. 
D) expectancy. 
E) reinforcement value.

Mischel believes that people regulate their own behavior through

Mischel's early research led him to believe that behavior is mostly a function of

Rotter's Internal-External Control Scale is an attempt to

The more long-range goal of Rotter's approach to psychotherapy was the

Mischel believes that perhaps the most stable of all person variables is

According to Mischel,behavior tends to be consistent in different situations to the extent that

List and briefly explain Mischel and Shoda's five cognitive-affective units.

List Rotter's four variables of prediction and briefly define each of them.

At the core of Rotter's personality theory is his emphasis on

Research by Mischel and Staub found that 8^th-grade boys who believed that they had been successful on an earlier task

According to Rotter,people who are likely to give others a second chance tend to score

Mischel is most likely to say that

In Rotter's theory of personality,what is the relationship between need potential and behavior potential?

Which of the following is NOT one of Mischel and Shoda's cognitive-affective units?

Unlike Skinner,Julian Rotter contended that an adequate theory of human behavior

"The probability held by the individual that a particular reinforcement will occur as a function of a specific behavior on his [or her] part in a specific situation or situations" is Rotter's definition of

Rotter stated that when expectancies and situational variables are held constant,behavior is shaped by

Rotter's basic prediction formula is most useful when

According to Rotter,conflict is most likely to arise when freedom of movement is

"The potential for any given behavior to occur in a particular situation or set of situations as calculated in relation to any single reinforcement or set of reinforcements",is Rotter's definition of

Introduction to Personality Theory

Freud: Psychoanalysis

Adler: Individual Psychology

Jung: Analytical Psychology

Klein: Object Relations Theory

Horney: Psychoanalytic Social Theory

Erikson: Post-Freudian Theory

Fromm: Humanistic Psychoanalysis

Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Rogers: Person-Centered Theory

May: Existential Psychology

Allport: Psychology of the Individual

Mccrae and Costas Five Factor Trait Theory

Eysencks Biologically Based Factor Theory

Buss: Evolutionary Theory of Personality

Skinner: Behavioral Analysis

Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory

Kelly: Psychology of Personal Constructs

Filters

Exam 18: Rotter and Mischel: Cognitive Social Learning Theory

Mischel believes that people regulate their own behavior through

Mischel's early research led him to believe that behavior is mostly a function of

Rotter's Internal-External Control Scale is an attempt to

The more long-range goal of Rotter's approach to psychotherapy was the

Mischel believes that perhaps the most stable of all person variables is

According to Mischel,behavior tends to be consistent in different situations to the extent that

List and briefly explain Mischel and Shoda's five cognitive-affective units.

List Rotter's four variables of prediction and briefly define each of them.

At the core of Rotter's personality theory is his emphasis on

Research by Mischel and Staub found that 8th-grade boys who believed that they had been successful on an earlier task

According to Rotter,people who are likely to give others a second chance tend to score

Mischel is most likely to say that

In Rotter's theory of personality,what is the relationship between need potential and behavior potential?

Which of the following is NOT one of Mischel and Shoda's cognitive-affective units?

Unlike Skinner,Julian Rotter contended that an adequate theory of human behavior

"The probability held by the individual that a particular reinforcement will occur as a function of a specific behavior on his [or her] part in a specific situation or situations" is Rotter's definition of

Rotter stated that when expectancies and situational variables are held constant,behavior is shaped by

Rotter's basic prediction formula is most useful when

According to Rotter,conflict is most likely to arise when freedom of movement is

"The potential for any given behavior to occur in a particular situation or set of situations as calculated in relation to any single reinforcement or set of reinforcements",is Rotter's definition of

Introduction to Personality Theory

Freud: Psychoanalysis

Adler: Individual Psychology

Jung: Analytical Psychology

Klein: Object Relations Theory

Horney: Psychoanalytic Social Theory

Erikson: Post-Freudian Theory

Fromm: Humanistic Psychoanalysis

Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Rogers: Person-Centered Theory

May: Existential Psychology

Allport: Psychology of the Individual

Mccrae and Costas Five Factor Trait Theory

Eysencks Biologically Based Factor Theory

Buss: Evolutionary Theory of Personality

Skinner: Behavioral Analysis

Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory

Kelly: Psychology of Personal Constructs

Filters

Research by Mischel and Staub found that 8^th-grade boys who believed that they had been successful on an earlier task