Question 1

Rotter sees interpersonal trust as a

Accepted Answer

A) specific expectancy. 
B) generalized expectancy. 
C) belief that people are basically good. 
D) tendency to believe anything anyone says. 
A) specific expectancy. 
B) generalized expectancy. 
C) belief that people are basically good. 
D) tendency to believe anything anyone says.

Question 2

According to Rotter,overall expectancy of success in any given situation depends on a person's

Accepted Answer

A) generalized expectancy. 
B) needs. 
C) both of these. 
D) neither of these. 
A) generalized expectancy. 
B) needs. 
C) both of these. 
D) neither of these.

Question 3

Rotter found that people who score high on the Interpersonal Trust Scale are generally more likely to _____ than are people who score low on this scale.

Accepted Answer

A) be psychologically disturbed 
B) lie to others 
C) lie to themselves 
D) respect the rights of others 
A) be psychologically disturbed 
B) lie to others 
C) lie to themselves 
D) respect the rights of others

Question 4

Rotter assumed that

Accepted Answer

A) motivation is directed toward a goal. 
B) people are primarily motivated to reduce tension. 
C) motivation is from the environment. 
D) people are motivated only by internal needs. 
A) motivation is directed toward a goal. 
B) people are primarily motivated to reduce tension. 
C) motivation is from the environment. 
D) people are motivated only by internal needs.

Question 5

Scores on Rotter's Internal-External Control Scale

Accepted Answer

A) determine behavior. 
B) do not predict behavior in a specific situation. 
C) separate individuals into two different groups. 
D) can be used to predict psychopathology. 
A) determine behavior. 
B) do not predict behavior in a specific situation. 
C) separate individuals into two different groups. 
D) can be used to predict psychopathology.

Question 6

By his own admission,Rotter was MOST influenced by

Accepted Answer

A) Freud. 
B) Thorndike. 
C) Jung. 
D) Adler. 
A) Freud. 
B) Thorndike. 
C) Jung. 
D) Adler.

Question 7

tested the person-situation interaction by researching the conditional self-evaluation.They found:

Accepted Answer

A) students who made a trait-like self-evaluation seemed to be immune to extreme emotional reactions. 
B) support for traditional views of personality in which people behave in a given way regardless of the context. 
C) interactionist or conditional self-evaluations tend to lead to less extreme emotional reactions. 
D) all of these. 
A) students who made a trait-like self-evaluation seemed to be immune to extreme emotional reactions. 
B) support for traditional views of personality in which people behave in a given way regardless of the context. 
C) interactionist or conditional self-evaluations tend to lead to less extreme emotional reactions. 
D) all of these.

Question 8

In their concepts of humanity,both Rotter and Mischel

Accepted Answer

A) put greater emphasis on determinism rather than free choice. 
B) have more teleological than causal explanations of behavior. 
C) are highly optimistic in their viewpoints. 
D) stress unconscious forces over conscious ones. 
E) take a biological view rather than a social view. 
A) put greater emphasis on determinism rather than free choice. 
B) have more teleological than causal explanations of behavior. 
C) are highly optimistic in their viewpoints. 
D) stress unconscious forces over conscious ones. 
E) take a biological view rather than a social view.

Question 9

Rotter distinguished between internal reinforcement and external reinforcement.Internal reinforcement is determined by

Accepted Answer

A) biological needs. 
B) the values of society. 
C) subjective perceptions of an event's value. 
D) the person's history of rewards and punishments. 
A) biological needs. 
B) the values of society. 
C) subjective perceptions of an event's value. 
D) the person's history of rewards and punishments.

Question 10

Rotter insisted that an adequate theory of personality must take into consideration the assumption that people

Accepted Answer

A) are capable of anticipating events. 
B) are motivated primarily by drive reduction. 
C) are controlled in the same manner as animals. 
D) are only motivated by unconscious mental processes. 
A) are capable of anticipating events. 
B) are motivated primarily by drive reduction. 
C) are controlled in the same manner as animals. 
D) are only motivated by unconscious mental processes.

Question 11

According to Rotter,need potential is highest under conditions of

Accepted Answer

A) low freedom of movement and high need value. 
B) high freedom of movement and low need value. 
C) high freedom of movement and high need value. 
D) low freedom of movement and low need value. 
A) low freedom of movement and high need value. 
B) high freedom of movement and low need value. 
C) high freedom of movement and high need value. 
D) low freedom of movement and low need value.

Question 12

Mischel and Shoda's cognitive-affective personality system is an attempt to account for

Accepted Answer

A) trait variability across situations. 
B) people's inconsistent behaviors. 
C) people's stability of behaviors. 
D) both stable traits and situations. 
E) all of these. 
A) trait variability across situations. 
B) people's inconsistent behaviors. 
C) people's stability of behaviors. 
D) both stable traits and situations. 
E) all of these.

Question 13

A study by Wright and Mischel asked children and adults to report everything they knew about certain groups of children.Findings from this research suggested that

Accepted Answer

A) children were more likely than adults to give specific predictions of behavior of the target group of children. 
B) adults were more likely than children to hedge their descriptions of behavior of the target group of children. 
C) neither children nor adults were able to predict the behavior of the target group of children. 
D) both children and adults recognized the interrelationship between situations and behavior. 
A) children were more likely than adults to give specific predictions of behavior of the target group of children. 
B) adults were more likely than children to hedge their descriptions of behavior of the target group of children. 
C) neither children nor adults were able to predict the behavior of the target group of children. 
D) both children and adults recognized the interrelationship between situations and behavior.

Question 14

Rotter's general prediction formula does NOT include the concept of

Accepted Answer

A) need potential. 
B) freedom of movement. 
C) need value. 
D) reinforcement value. 
A) need potential. 
B) freedom of movement. 
C) need value. 
D) reinforcement value.

Question 15

Rotter's empirical law of effect states that motivation is any condition or event that

Accepted Answer

A) allows one to escape from a conflict. 
B) moves one in the direction of a goal. 
C) reduces tension or returns one to a state of homeostasis. 
D) enacts laws in a nation ruled by an emperor. 
A) allows one to escape from a conflict. 
B) moves one in the direction of a goal. 
C) reduces tension or returns one to a state of homeostasis. 
D) enacts laws in a nation ruled by an emperor.

Question 16

For Rotter,the component "freedom of movement" is analogous to the more specific concept of

Accepted Answer

A) behavioral potential. 
B) needs. 
C) reinforcement value. 
D) need potential. 
E) expectancy. 
A) behavioral potential. 
B) needs. 
C) reinforcement value. 
D) need potential. 
E) expectancy.

Question 17

According to Rotter,freedom of movement can be determined by

Accepted Answer

A) holding need potential constant and observing one's need value. 
B) holding need value constant and observing one's need potential. 
C) varying need potential and need value concurrently. 
D) minimizing need values and maximizing need potential. 
A) holding need potential constant and observing one's need value. 
B) holding need value constant and observing one's need potential. 
C) varying need potential and need value concurrently. 
D) minimizing need values and maximizing need potential.

Question 18

Mischel's chief argument with trait theory is that it

Accepted Answer

A) assumes that behavior is quite consistent. 
B) is based on factor analysis. 
C) overlooks the subjective judgments of individuals. 
D) has an unscientific genetic component. 
E) rejects individual freedom and responsibility. 
A) assumes that behavior is quite consistent. 
B) is based on factor analysis. 
C) overlooks the subjective judgments of individuals. 
D) has an unscientific genetic component. 
E) rejects individual freedom and responsibility.

Question 19

Discuss Mischel's person-situation interaction,or conditional view of personal dispositions.

Accepted Answer

A.Mischel believes that personal traits,

Question 20

Explain Rotter's concepts of internal and external control of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A.Internal and external control of reinf

Rotter sees interpersonal trust as a

According to Rotter,overall expectancy of success in any given situation depends on a person's

Rotter found that people who score high on the Interpersonal Trust Scale are generally more likely to _____ than are people who score low on this scale.

Rotter assumed that

Scores on Rotter's Internal-External Control Scale

By his own admission,Rotter was MOST influenced by

tested the person-situation interaction by researching the conditional self-evaluation.They found:

In their concepts of humanity,both Rotter and Mischel

Rotter distinguished between internal reinforcement and external reinforcement.Internal reinforcement is determined by

Rotter insisted that an adequate theory of personality must take into consideration the assumption that people

According to Rotter,need potential is highest under conditions of

Mischel and Shoda's cognitive-affective personality system is an attempt to account for

A study by Wright and Mischel asked children and adults to report everything they knew about certain groups of children.Findings from this research suggested that

Rotter's general prediction formula does NOT include the concept of

Rotter's empirical law of effect states that motivation is any condition or event that

For Rotter,the component "freedom of movement" is analogous to the more specific concept of

According to Rotter,freedom of movement can be determined by

Mischel's chief argument with trait theory is that it

Discuss Mischel's person-situation interaction,or conditional view of personal dispositions.

Explain Rotter's concepts of internal and external control of reinforcement.

Introduction to Personality Theory

Freud: Psychoanalysis

Adler: Individual Psychology

Jung: Analytical Psychology

Klein: Object Relations Theory

Horney: Psychoanalytic Social Theory

Erikson: Post-Freudian Theory

Fromm: Humanistic Psychoanalysis

Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Rogers: Person-Centered Theory

May: Existential Psychology

Allport: Psychology of the Individual

Mccrae and Costas Five Factor Trait Theory

Eysencks Biologically Based Factor Theory

Buss: Evolutionary Theory of Personality

Skinner: Behavioral Analysis

Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory

Kelly: Psychology of Personal Constructs

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Exam 18: Rotter and Mischel: Cognitive Social Learning Theory

Rotter sees interpersonal trust as a

According to Rotter,overall expectancy of success in any given situation depends on a person's

Rotter found that people who score high on the Interpersonal Trust Scale are generally more likely to _____ than are people who score low on this scale.

Rotter assumed that

Scores on Rotter's Internal-External Control Scale

By his own admission,Rotter was MOST influenced by

tested the person-situation interaction by researching the conditional self-evaluation.They found:

In their concepts of humanity,both Rotter and Mischel

Rotter distinguished between internal reinforcement and external reinforcement.Internal reinforcement is determined by

Rotter insisted that an adequate theory of personality must take into consideration the assumption that people

According to Rotter,need potential is highest under conditions of

Mischel and Shoda's cognitive-affective personality system is an attempt to account for

A study by Wright and Mischel asked children and adults to report everything they knew about certain groups of children.Findings from this research suggested that

Rotter's general prediction formula does NOT include the concept of

Rotter's empirical law of effect states that motivation is any condition or event that

For Rotter,the component "freedom of movement" is analogous to the more specific concept of

According to Rotter,freedom of movement can be determined by

Mischel's chief argument with trait theory is that it

Discuss Mischel's person-situation interaction,or conditional view of personal dispositions.

Explain Rotter's concepts of internal and external control of reinforcement.

Introduction to Personality Theory

Freud: Psychoanalysis

Adler: Individual Psychology

Jung: Analytical Psychology

Klein: Object Relations Theory

Horney: Psychoanalytic Social Theory

Erikson: Post-Freudian Theory

Fromm: Humanistic Psychoanalysis

Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Rogers: Person-Centered Theory

May: Existential Psychology

Allport: Psychology of the Individual

Mccrae and Costas Five Factor Trait Theory

Eysencks Biologically Based Factor Theory

Buss: Evolutionary Theory of Personality

Skinner: Behavioral Analysis

Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory

Kelly: Psychology of Personal Constructs

Filters