Question 1

Statements formed in an if-then framework are most likely

Accepted Answer

A) taxonomies. 
B) philosophies. 
C) theories. 
D) definitions of personality. 
A) taxonomies. 
B) philosophies. 
C) theories. 
D) definitions of personality. C

Question 2

Which statement best characterizes the relationship between a theory and a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) A theory is narrower than a hypothesis. 
B) A theory is directly verifiable,a hypothesis is not. 
C) A theory is logically deduced from a specific hypothesis. 
D) A theory may generate one or more hypotheses. 
A) A theory is narrower than a hypothesis. 
B) A theory is directly verifiable,a hypothesis is not. 
C) A theory is logically deduced from a specific hypothesis. 
D) A theory may generate one or more hypotheses. D

Question 3

A researcher uses the number of times a person smiles at others as a measure of friendliness.This an example of

Accepted Answer

A) an operational definition. 
B) hypothesis testing. 
C) parsimony. 
D) internal consistency. 
A) an operational definition. 
B) hypothesis testing. 
C) parsimony. 
D) internal consistency. A

Question 4

The variety of personality theories now is due to

Accepted Answer

A) the different personal and philosophical perspectives that each theorist has of human nature. 
B) the use of different terminology for the same basic concepts. 
C) different translations of theories originally written in other languages. 
D) the reluctance of psychologists to accept any theory except their own. 
A) the different personal and philosophical perspectives that each theorist has of human nature. 
B) the use of different terminology for the same basic concepts. 
C) different translations of theories originally written in other languages. 
D) the reluctance of psychologists to accept any theory except their own.

Question 5

What is the relationship between theory and observation?

Accepted Answer

A.Theories and observations have a mutua

Question 6

Which statement is most nearly true?

Accepted Answer

A) A theory can be a practical guide for a psychotherapist. 
B) Theory and practice are mutually exclusive. 
C) Other things being equal,the more complex a theory.the better. 
D) A good theory gives opposing answers to a single question. 
A) A theory can be a practical guide for a psychotherapist. 
B) Theory and practice are mutually exclusive. 
C) Other things being equal,the more complex a theory.the better. 
D) A good theory gives opposing answers to a single question.

Question 7

According to the authors of the text,personality theories

Accepted Answer

A) are former principles that have been proven true. 
B) originate from the historical,social,and psychological world of their originators. 
C) are useful tools of science to the extent that they are value free. 
D) should not be open to falsification. 
A) are former principles that have been proven true. 
B) originate from the historical,social,and psychological world of their originators. 
C) are useful tools of science to the extent that they are value free. 
D) should not be open to falsification.

Question 8

Theories are built primarily on

Accepted Answer

A) scientific observations. 
B) philosophical speculation. 
C) unique definitions of terms. 
D) sociological models. 
A) scientific observations. 
B) philosophical speculation. 
C) unique definitions of terms. 
D) sociological models.

Question 9

A useful theory must be falsifiable,which means that

Accepted Answer

A) it will eventually be proven false. 
B) it must be precise enough to suggest research that may either support or fail to support its major tenets. 
C) it should be flexible enough to encompass opposing data into its framework. 
D) it must be either true or false. 
A) it will eventually be proven false. 
B) it must be precise enough to suggest research that may either support or fail to support its major tenets. 
C) it should be flexible enough to encompass opposing data into its framework. 
D) it must be either true or false.

Question 10

The basic data of science are

Accepted Answer

A) observations. 
B) facts. 
C) theories. 
D) hypotheses. 
A) observations. 
B) facts. 
C) theories. 
D) hypotheses.

Question 11

A set of related assumptions from which,by logical deductive reasoning,testable hypotheses can be drawn is

Accepted Answer

A) a philosophy. 
B) the definition of theory. 
C) the definition of taxonomy. 
D) an armchair speculation. 
A) a philosophy. 
B) the definition of theory. 
C) the definition of taxonomy. 
D) an armchair speculation.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a dimension used by the authors to assess a theorist's concept of humanity?

Accepted Answer

A) determinism versus free choice 
B) order versus disorder 
C) pessimism versus optimism 
D) conscious versus unconscious 
A) determinism versus free choice 
B) order versus disorder 
C) pessimism versus optimism 
D) conscious versus unconscious

Question 13

Personality theorists have evolved different systems because

Accepted Answer

A) they have different conceptions as to the nature of humanity. 
B) they have had a variety of childhood and professional experiences. 
C) they begin with different assumptions concerning personality. 
D) Any or all the above are correct. 
A) they have different conceptions as to the nature of humanity. 
B) they have had a variety of childhood and professional experiences. 
C) they begin with different assumptions concerning personality. 
D) Any or all the above are correct.

Question 14

The personalities,cognitive processes,developmental histories,and social experiences of personality theorists help shape their theories.The discipline that deals with these factors is called

Accepted Answer

A) personology. 
B) psychology. 
C) sociology. 
D) the psychology of science. 
E) psychobiology. 
A) personology. 
B) psychology. 
C) sociology. 
D) the psychology of science. 
E) psychobiology.

Question 15

The ultimate value of any theory depends on its

Accepted Answer

A) usefulness. 
B) truthfulness. 
C) reliability. 
D) simplicity. 
A) usefulness. 
B) truthfulness. 
C) reliability. 
D) simplicity.

Question 16

The word "theory" is most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

A) philosophy. 
B) science. 
C) armchair speculation. 
D) taxonomy. 
A) philosophy. 
B) science. 
C) armchair speculation. 
D) taxonomy.

Question 17

If scores on an instrument that measures introversion correlate highly with a number of other measures of introversion-for example,shyness and inhibition-then that instrument is said to have

Accepted Answer

A) discriminant validity. 
B) convergent validity. 
C) divergent validity. 
D) test-retest reliability. 
E) concurrent reliability. 
A) discriminant validity. 
B) convergent validity. 
C) divergent validity. 
D) test-retest reliability. 
E) concurrent reliability.

Question 18

A theory may be set aside when it

Accepted Answer

A) generates testable hypotheses. 
B) explains a set of observations. 
C) is proven by experimentation. 
D) loses its usefulness. 
A) generates testable hypotheses. 
B) explains a set of observations. 
C) is proven by experimentation. 
D) loses its usefulness.

Question 19

An educated guess that can be scientifically tested is a definition of

Accepted Answer

A) theory. 
B) hypothesis. 
C) philosophy. 
D) taxonomy. 
A) theory. 
B) hypothesis. 
C) philosophy. 
D) taxonomy.

Question 20

A reliable test

Accepted Answer

A) is always valid. 
B) measures what it purports to measure. 
C) correlates positively with its validity. 
D) yields consistent results. 
A) is always valid. 
B) measures what it purports to measure. 
C) correlates positively with its validity. 
D) yields consistent results.

Statements formed in an if-then framework are most likely

Which statement best characterizes the relationship between a theory and a hypothesis?

A researcher uses the number of times a person smiles at others as a measure of friendliness.This an example of

The variety of personality theories now is due to

What is the relationship between theory and observation?

Which statement is most nearly true?

According to the authors of the text,personality theories

Theories are built primarily on

A useful theory must be falsifiable,which means that

The basic data of science are

A set of related assumptions from which,by logical deductive reasoning,testable hypotheses can be drawn is

Which of the following is NOT a dimension used by the authors to assess a theorist's concept of humanity?

Personality theorists have evolved different systems because

The personalities,cognitive processes,developmental histories,and social experiences of personality theorists help shape their theories.The discipline that deals with these factors is called

The ultimate value of any theory depends on its

The word "theory" is most closely associated with

If scores on an instrument that measures introversion correlate highly with a number of other measures of introversion-for example,shyness and inhibition-then that instrument is said to have

A theory may be set aside when it

An educated guess that can be scientifically tested is a definition of

A reliable test

Freud: Psychoanalysis

Adler: Individual Psychology

Jung: Analytical Psychology

Klein: Object Relations Theory

Horney: Psychoanalytic Social Theory

Erikson: Post-Freudian Theory

Fromm: Humanistic Psychoanalysis

Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Rogers: Person-Centered Theory

May: Existential Psychology

Allport: Psychology of the Individual

Mccrae and Costas Five Factor Trait Theory

Eysencks Biologically Based Factor Theory

Buss: Evolutionary Theory of Personality

Skinner: Behavioral Analysis

Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory

Rotter and Mischel: Cognitive Social Learning Theory

Kelly: Psychology of Personal Constructs

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Exam 1: Introduction to Personality Theory

Statements formed in an if-then framework are most likely

Which statement best characterizes the relationship between a theory and a hypothesis?

A researcher uses the number of times a person smiles at others as a measure of friendliness.This an example of

The variety of personality theories now is due to

What is the relationship between theory and observation?

Which statement is most nearly true?

According to the authors of the text,personality theories

Theories are built primarily on

A useful theory must be falsifiable,which means that

The basic data of science are

A set of related assumptions from which,by logical deductive reasoning,testable hypotheses can be drawn is

Which of the following is NOT a dimension used by the authors to assess a theorist's concept of humanity?

Personality theorists have evolved different systems because

The personalities,cognitive processes,developmental histories,and social experiences of personality theorists help shape their theories.The discipline that deals with these factors is called

The ultimate value of any theory depends on its

The word "theory" is most closely associated with

If scores on an instrument that measures introversion correlate highly with a number of other measures of introversion-for example,shyness and inhibition-then that instrument is said to have

A theory may be set aside when it

An educated guess that can be scientifically tested is a definition of

A reliable test

Freud: Psychoanalysis

Adler: Individual Psychology

Jung: Analytical Psychology

Klein: Object Relations Theory

Horney: Psychoanalytic Social Theory

Erikson: Post-Freudian Theory

Fromm: Humanistic Psychoanalysis

Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Rogers: Person-Centered Theory

May: Existential Psychology

Allport: Psychology of the Individual

Mccrae and Costas Five Factor Trait Theory

Eysencks Biologically Based Factor Theory

Buss: Evolutionary Theory of Personality

Skinner: Behavioral Analysis

Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory

Rotter and Mischel: Cognitive Social Learning Theory

Kelly: Psychology of Personal Constructs

Filters