Question 1

Cultures are integrated,patterned systems in which a change in one part often leads to changes in other parts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Indigenous cultures are at the mercy of the forces of globalization,as they can do nothing to stop threats to their cultural identity,autonomy,and livelihood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Cultural relativists believe that a culture should be judged only according to the standards and traditions of that culture and not according to the standards of other cultural traditions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In many countries,use of the English language reflects a colonial history and is thus a consequence of forced diffusion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Human rights are seen as inalienable.This means that

Accepted Answer

A)  no one can abuse them. 
B)  nations cannot abridge or terminate them. 
C)  they are vested in groups and not individuals. 
D)  anthropologists have no moral grounds to question them. 
E)  they are universally accepted by all individuals. 
A)  no one can abuse them. 
B)  nations cannot abridge or terminate them. 
C)  they are vested in groups and not individuals. 
D)  anthropologists have no moral grounds to question them. 
E)  they are universally accepted by all individuals.

Question 6

The tendency to view one's own culture as superior and to use one's own standards and values in judging others is called

Accepted Answer

A)  patriotism. 
B)  ethnocentrism. 
C)  moral relativism. 
D)  cultural relativism. 
E)  illiteracy. 
A)  patriotism. 
B)  ethnocentrism. 
C)  moral relativism. 
D)  cultural relativism. 
E)  illiteracy.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of independent invention,the process by which people in different societies have innovated and changed in similar but independent ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  acculturation 
B)  culture 
C)  globalization 
D)  agriculture 
E)  language 
A)  acculturation 
B)  culture 
C)  globalization 
D)  agriculture 
E)  language

Question 8

Compare and contrast the various mechanisms of cultural change discussed in this chapter.In particular,to what extent does each model for change suggest that culture shapes human behavior or is shaped by human behavior?

Accepted Answer

The various mechanisms of cultural chang

Question 9

Although humans do employ tools much more than any other animal does,tool use also turns up among several nonhuman species,including birds,beavers,sea otters,and apes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

All of the following are evidence of the tendency to view culture as a process EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  analysis that attempts to establish boundaries between cultures. 
B)  practice theory. 
C)  attention to agency in anthropological analysis. 
D)  interest in public, collective, and individual dimensions of day-to-day life. 
E)  interest in how acts of resistance can make and remake culture. 
A)  analysis that attempts to establish boundaries between cultures. 
B)  practice theory. 
C)  attention to agency in anthropological analysis. 
D)  interest in public, collective, and individual dimensions of day-to-day life. 
E)  interest in how acts of resistance can make and remake culture.

Question 11

Culture can be adaptive or maladaptive.It is maladaptive when

Accepted Answer

A)  it exhibits cultural traits that are not shared with the majority of the group. 
B)  it threatens the core values of a culture that guarantee its integration. 
C)  cultural traits diminish the survival of particular individuals but not others. 
D)  cultural traits, patterns, and inventions disrupt the world economy, causing international discontent. 
E)  cultural traits, patterns, and inventions threaten the group's continued survival and reproduction and thus its very existence. 
A)  it exhibits cultural traits that are not shared with the majority of the group. 
B)  it threatens the core values of a culture that guarantee its integration. 
C)  cultural traits diminish the survival of particular individuals but not others. 
D)  cultural traits, patterns, and inventions disrupt the world economy, causing international discontent. 
E)  cultural traits, patterns, and inventions threaten the group's continued survival and reproduction and thus its very existence.

Question 12

What are ethnocentrism and cultural relativism,and how do they affect the work of anthropologists? How do they influence your own life in an increasingly diverse society?

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's o

Question 13

Culture helps us define the world in which we live,to express feelings and ideas,and to guide our behavior and perceptions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is a cultural generality?

Accepted Answer

A)  exogamy 
B)  the use of fire 
C)  the incest taboo 
D)  the use of symbols 
E)  the nuclear family 
A)  exogamy 
B)  the use of fire 
C)  the incest taboo 
D)  the use of symbols 
E)  the nuclear family

Question 15

Agency refers to the actions that individuals take,both alone and in groups,in forming and transforming culture.Describe examples in your own life that illustrate the relationship between agency and culture.

Accepted Answer

One example of the relationship between

Question 16

The idea of universal and inalienable human rights that are superior to the laws and ethics of any one culture can conflict with some of the ideas central to cultural relativism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What does it mean to say that humans use culture instrumentally?

Accepted Answer

A)  People use culture to fulfill their basic biological needs for food, drink, shelter, comfort, and reproduction. 
B)  People use culture to develop artistic endeavors, including musical instruments and visual arts. 
C)  People use culture to advance civilization. 
D)  Culture is a human construct. 
E)  Culture is instrumental in the creation of societies. 
A)  People use culture to fulfill their basic biological needs for food, drink, shelter, comfort, and reproduction. 
B)  People use culture to develop artistic endeavors, including musical instruments and visual arts. 
C)  People use culture to advance civilization. 
D)  Culture is a human construct. 
E)  Culture is instrumental in the creation of societies.

Question 18

Diffusion plays an important role in spreading cultural traits around the world.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Culture

Accepted Answer

A)  is the exclusive domain of the elite. 
B)  is acquired by humans as members of society through the process of enculturation. 
C)  is being destroyed by electronic media. 
D)  developed among nonhuman primates around 10,000 years ago. 
E)  is more developed in industrial nations than among hunters and gatherers. 
A)  is the exclusive domain of the elite. 
B)  is acquired by humans as members of society through the process of enculturation. 
C)  is being destroyed by electronic media. 
D)  developed among nonhuman primates around 10,000 years ago. 
E)  is more developed in industrial nations than among hunters and gatherers.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about enculturation is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurs through a process of conscious and unconscious learning. 
B)  It results in internalization of a cultural tradition. 
C)  It may involve direct teaching. 
D)  It is the exchange of cultural features that results when two or more groups come into consistent firsthand contact. 
E)  It is the process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations. 
A)  It occurs through a process of conscious and unconscious learning. 
B)  It results in internalization of a cultural tradition. 
C)  It may involve direct teaching. 
D)  It is the exchange of cultural features that results when two or more groups come into consistent firsthand contact. 
E)  It is the process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations.

Exam 2: Culture

Cultures are integrated,patterned systems in which a change in one part often leads to changes in other parts.

Indigenous cultures are at the mercy of the forces of globalization,as they can do nothing to stop threats to their cultural identity,autonomy,and livelihood.

Cultural relativists believe that a culture should be judged only according to the standards and traditions of that culture and not according to the standards of other cultural traditions.

In many countries,use of the English language reflects a colonial history and is thus a consequence of forced diffusion.

Human rights are seen as inalienable.This means that

The tendency to view one's own culture as superior and to use one's own standards and values in judging others is called

Which of the following is an example of independent invention,the process by which people in different societies have innovated and changed in similar but independent ways?

Compare and contrast the various mechanisms of cultural change discussed in this chapter.In particular,to what extent does each model for change suggest that culture shapes human behavior or is shaped by human behavior?

Although humans do employ tools much more than any other animal does,tool use also turns up among several nonhuman species,including birds,beavers,sea otters,and apes.

All of the following are evidence of the tendency to view culture as a process EXCEPT

Culture can be adaptive or maladaptive.It is maladaptive when

What are ethnocentrism and cultural relativism,and how do they affect the work of anthropologists? How do they influence your own life in an increasingly diverse society?

Culture helps us define the world in which we live,to express feelings and ideas,and to guide our behavior and perceptions.

Which of the following is a cultural generality?

Agency refers to the actions that individuals take,both alone and in groups,in forming and transforming culture.Describe examples in your own life that illustrate the relationship between agency and culture.

The idea of universal and inalienable human rights that are superior to the laws and ethics of any one culture can conflict with some of the ideas central to cultural relativism.

What does it mean to say that humans use culture instrumentally?

Diffusion plays an important role in spreading cultural traits around the world.

Culture

Which of the following statements about enculturation is NOT true?

What Is Anthropology

Applying Anthropology

Doing Archaeology and Biological Anthropology

Evolution and Genetics

Human Variation and Adaptation

The Primates

Early Hominins

Archaic Homo

The Origin and Spread of Modern Humans

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Making a Living

Political Systems

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

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