Question 1

Cross-culturally,the subsistence contributions of men and women are roughly equal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Contrast gender roles in two of the following: A)foraging societies; B)matrilineal-matrilocal societies; C)patrilineal-patrilocal societies; D)pastoralists; and E)agriculturalists.

Accepted Answer

Foraging societies typically have more f

Question 3

If a patriarchy is a political system ruled by men,what would a matriarchy be-a political system ruled by women? Anthropologist Peggy Sanday,who investigated these questions among the Minangkabau of West Sumatra,found that

Accepted Answer

A)  true matriarchies do not exist. 
B)  women in matriarchies see their male counterparts as being inferior. 
C)  women of newer generations are experimenting with new ideas of gender roles. 
D)  although matriarchies do exist, they are not mirror images of patriarchies because, at least for the Minangkabau, both men and women are seen as cooperative partners for the common good. 
E)  although Minangkabau women play a central role in their culture's social, economic, and ceremonial life, they are still regarded as having lower status than men. 
A)  true matriarchies do not exist. 
B)  women in matriarchies see their male counterparts as being inferior. 
C)  women of newer generations are experimenting with new ideas of gender roles. 
D)  although matriarchies do exist, they are not mirror images of patriarchies because, at least for the Minangkabau, both men and women are seen as cooperative partners for the common good. 
E)  although Minangkabau women play a central role in their culture's social, economic, and ceremonial life, they are still regarded as having lower status than men.

Question 4

"Transgender" and "XX Intersex" are interchangeable terms referring to individuals with external genitals that are incompletely formed,ambiguous,or female.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What position do most anthropologists take on the matter of whether male dominance is a cultural universal? What is your own view on the matter? What evidence can you put forth to support your view?

Accepted Answer

Most anthropologists take the position t

Question 6

Adding together men's and women's subsistence activities and their domestic work,men tend to work more hours than women do.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Among the Agta of the Philippines,women not only gather,they also

Accepted Answer

A)  fish, while carrying their babies with them. 
B)  are the primary warrior class, unless pregnant or breastfeeding. 
C)  cultivate small food plots inside village defenses. 
D)  hunt, while carrying their babies with them. 
E)  are the tribal leaders. 
A)  fish, while carrying their babies with them. 
B)  are the primary warrior class, unless pregnant or breastfeeding. 
C)  cultivate small food plots inside village defenses. 
D)  hunt, while carrying their babies with them. 
E)  are the tribal leaders.

Question 8

Are certain sexual preferences more natural than others? What factors compel some societies to deviate from the heterosexual norm found in most human societies?

Accepted Answer

Sexual preferences are a complex and dee

Question 9

According to studies in the 1960s,why did young Etoro men and boys engage in homosexual relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)  They did not understand biological reproduction, which is why they no longer exist. 
B)  The status of Etoro women was the highest in the world, in a status above and beyond males. 
C)  Genetic drift created a population dominated by a homosexual gene. 
D)  They believed it necessary for boys to ingest semen in order to mature in a healthy way. 
E)  A warrior cult of older adult men vigorously enforced a monopoly on access to women. 
A)  They did not understand biological reproduction, which is why they no longer exist. 
B)  The status of Etoro women was the highest in the world, in a status above and beyond males. 
C)  Genetic drift created a population dominated by a homosexual gene. 
D)  They believed it necessary for boys to ingest semen in order to mature in a healthy way. 
E)  A warrior cult of older adult men vigorously enforced a monopoly on access to women.

Question 10

Even though women represent more than half the U.S.workforce,single-parent families headed by women represent more than half the households below the poverty line.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What factors might explain the correlation between women's work outside the home and a national index of happiness? What is it about women working outside of the home that might make a country's population happier? Brainstorm possible causes for this correlation.

Accepted Answer

There are several factors that could exp

Question 12

The domestic-public dichotomy refers to the separation of

Accepted Answer

A)  spheres of exchange. 
B)  secular and sacred domains. 
C)  the elite and commoners. 
D)  home and the outside world. 
E)  cooking and sleeping spaces in residential units. 
A)  spheres of exchange. 
B)  secular and sacred domains. 
C)  the elite and commoners. 
D)  home and the outside world. 
E)  cooking and sleeping spaces in residential units.

Question 13

Transvestism,when members of one gender (usually male)dress as another (female),is

Accepted Answer

A)  very common in Brazil, given the country's general acceptance of alternative gender roles. 
B)  an example of the biological basis of sexual expression. 
C)  evidence of the cultural limits in determining gender roles. 
D)  perhaps the most common way of forming genders alternative to male and female. 
E)  increasingly popular among gay men in Brazil. 
A)  very common in Brazil, given the country's general acceptance of alternative gender roles. 
B)  an example of the biological basis of sexual expression. 
C)  evidence of the cultural limits in determining gender roles. 
D)  perhaps the most common way of forming genders alternative to male and female. 
E)  increasingly popular among gay men in Brazil.

Question 14

What is the relationship between gender stratification and economic roles? Do these relationships apply equally to all types of societies,regardless of the type of productive activity? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Gender stratification refers to the uneq

Question 15

With the baby boom and the increase in industrialization,women have contributed more and more to the workplace while receiving pay equal to that of their male coworkers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What is meant by the term feminization of poverty?

Accepted Answer

A)  the view that conditions of poverty are emasculating 
B)  the increasing number of women among the poorest people 
C)  the popularity of feminist ideals among poor people 
D)  the recent campaign by feminists to work with the poor 
E)  the view that only women care about issues of poverty 
A)  the view that conditions of poverty are emasculating 
B)  the increasing number of women among the poorest people 
C)  the popularity of feminist ideals among poor people 
D)  the recent campaign by feminists to work with the poor 
E)  the view that only women care about issues of poverty

Question 17

In which type of society would you expect women's status to be highest?

Accepted Answer

A)  pastoralists 
B)  agriculturalists 
C)  societies where there is a great deal of population pressure 
D)  hunters and gatherers 
E)  industrial states with high unemployment 
A)  pastoralists 
B)  agriculturalists 
C)  societies where there is a great deal of population pressure 
D)  hunters and gatherers 
E)  industrial states with high unemployment

Question 18

This chapter's discussion on recurrent gender patterns stresses that

Accepted Answer

A)  it is the role of industrialized nations to correct patterns that are immoral. 
B)  the United Nations should become more involved in reversing these patterns. 
C)  exceptions to cross-cultural generalizations may involve societies or individuals. 
D)  these patterns are universals rather than generalities. 
E)  these generalities are based on bad data, because the studies did not use randomized sampling. 
A)  it is the role of industrialized nations to correct patterns that are immoral. 
B)  the United Nations should become more involved in reversing these patterns. 
C)  exceptions to cross-cultural generalizations may involve societies or individuals. 
D)  these patterns are universals rather than generalities. 
E)  these generalities are based on bad data, because the studies did not use randomized sampling.

Question 19

Recent cross-cultural studies of gender roles demonstrate that

Accepted Answer

A)  the gender roles of men and women are largely determined by their biological capabilities-relative strength, endurance, intelligence, and so on. 
B)  women are subservient in nearly all societies, because their subsistence activities contribute much less to the total diet than do those of men. 
C)  foraging, horticultural, pastoral, and industrial societies all have similar attitudes toward sex but different attitudes toward gender. 
D)  changes in the gender roles of men and women are usually associated with social decay and anarchy. 
E)  the relative status of women is variable, depending on such factors as the type of subsistence strategy employed, the importance of warfare, and the prevalence of a domestic-public dichotomy. 
A)  the gender roles of men and women are largely determined by their biological capabilities-relative strength, endurance, intelligence, and so on. 
B)  women are subservient in nearly all societies, because their subsistence activities contribute much less to the total diet than do those of men. 
C)  foraging, horticultural, pastoral, and industrial societies all have similar attitudes toward sex but different attitudes toward gender. 
D)  changes in the gender roles of men and women are usually associated with social decay and anarchy. 
E)  the relative status of women is variable, depending on such factors as the type of subsistence strategy employed, the importance of warfare, and the prevalence of a domestic-public dichotomy.

Question 20

Of the following factors,which is historically correlated with the shrinking of the female factory workforce in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  European immigration around 1900 
B)  World War II 
C)  voting rights for women 
D)  inflation 
E)  the women's rights movement 
A)  European immigration around 1900 
B)  World War II 
C)  voting rights for women 
D)  inflation 
E)  the women's rights movement

Exam 18: Gender

Cross-culturally,the subsistence contributions of men and women are roughly equal.

Contrast gender roles in two of the following: A)foraging societies; B)matrilineal-matrilocal societies; C)patrilineal-patrilocal societies; D)pastoralists; and E)agriculturalists.

If a patriarchy is a political system ruled by men,what would a matriarchy be-a political system ruled by women? Anthropologist Peggy Sanday,who investigated these questions among the Minangkabau of West Sumatra,found that

"Transgender" and "XX Intersex" are interchangeable terms referring to individuals with external genitals that are incompletely formed,ambiguous,or female.

What position do most anthropologists take on the matter of whether male dominance is a cultural universal? What is your own view on the matter? What evidence can you put forth to support your view?

Adding together men's and women's subsistence activities and their domestic work,men tend to work more hours than women do.

Among the Agta of the Philippines,women not only gather,they also

Are certain sexual preferences more natural than others? What factors compel some societies to deviate from the heterosexual norm found in most human societies?

According to studies in the 1960s,why did young Etoro men and boys engage in homosexual relationships?

Even though women represent more than half the U.S.workforce,single-parent families headed by women represent more than half the households below the poverty line.

What factors might explain the correlation between women's work outside the home and a national index of happiness? What is it about women working outside of the home that might make a country's population happier? Brainstorm possible causes for this correlation.

The domestic-public dichotomy refers to the separation of

Transvestism,when members of one gender (usually male)dress as another (female),is

What is the relationship between gender stratification and economic roles? Do these relationships apply equally to all types of societies,regardless of the type of productive activity? Why or why not?

With the baby boom and the increase in industrialization,women have contributed more and more to the workplace while receiving pay equal to that of their male coworkers.

What is meant by the term feminization of poverty?

In which type of society would you expect women's status to be highest?

This chapter's discussion on recurrent gender patterns stresses that

Recent cross-cultural studies of gender roles demonstrate that

Of the following factors,which is historically correlated with the shrinking of the female factory workforce in the United States?

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