Question 1

Worldwide,Islam is growing at a rate of about 2.9 percent annually,versus 2.3 percent for Christianity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Witch hunts are an example of how religion can be used to limit deviant social behavior by instilling strong motivations to behave properly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

On the basis of theories about the origins and functions of religion,what are the functions that organized religion serves in U.S.society? Can religion in the United States be described as embedded in other sociocultural institutions,such as politics? If you have spent most of your life in a different country,feel free to write about religion in that country.

Accepted Answer

Organized religion serves several functi

Question 4

Which of the following kinds of religion involves full-time religious specialists?

Accepted Answer

A)  communal religion 
B)  shamanistic religion 
C)  Olympian religion 
D)  individualistic cults 
E)  idiosyncratic belief systems 
A)  communal religion 
B)  shamanistic religion 
C)  Olympian religion 
D)  individualistic cults 
E)  idiosyncratic belief systems

Question 5

According to Victor Turner,all rites of passage have three phases: separation,liminality,and incorporation.Of these three,the liminal phase-which is the most interesting-is typically characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  intensification of the social hierarchy. 
B)  a forming of an implicit ranking system. 
C)  the use of secular language. 
D)  symbolic reversals of ordinary behavior. 
E)  no change in the social norms. 
A)  intensification of the social hierarchy. 
B)  a forming of an implicit ranking system. 
C)  the use of secular language. 
D)  symbolic reversals of ordinary behavior. 
E)  no change in the social norms.

Question 6

According to Bronislaw Malinowski,religion provides people with emotional comfort during problematic times.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

How do you explain the universality of religion?

Accepted Answer

The universality of religion, or the wid

Question 8

What is communitas?

Accepted Answer

A)  a social inequality that is accepted even by those who are less privileged 
B)  a collective liminality 
C)  anxiety 
D)  the Latin word for mana 
E)  the supernatural 
A)  a social inequality that is accepted even by those who are less privileged 
B)  a collective liminality 
C)  anxiety 
D)  the Latin word for mana 
E)  the supernatural

Question 9

Much religious and ritual behavior is adaptive.Can you think of cases in which it is not? What does it mean for religion to be maladaptive?

Accepted Answer

Much religious and ritual behavior is ad

Question 10

Which of the following tend to be directed at socially marginal individuals as a method of social control?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood feuds 
B)  Olympian religions 
C)  rites of passage 
D)  cargo cults 
E)  witchcraft accusations 
A)  blood feuds 
B)  Olympian religions 
C)  rites of passage 
D)  cargo cults 
E)  witchcraft accusations

Question 11

What kind of religion is based on the idea that each human has a double that is active during sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  animatism 
B)  totemism 
C)  animism 
D)  mana 
E)  polytheism 
A)  animatism 
B)  totemism 
C)  animism 
D)  mana 
E)  polytheism

Question 12

Cargo cults,syncretic religions that mix Melanesian and Christian beliefs,are

Accepted Answer

A)  culturally defined activities associated with the transition from one place or stage of life to another. 
B)  a religious response to the expansion of the world capitalist economy, often with political and economic consequences. 
C)  cultural acts that mock the widespread but erroneous belief of European cultural supremacy. 
D)  just like religious fundamentalism in that they are ancient cultural phenomena enjoying a rebirth in current world affairs. 
E)  antimodernist movements that reject anything Western. 
A)  culturally defined activities associated with the transition from one place or stage of life to another. 
B)  a religious response to the expansion of the world capitalist economy, often with political and economic consequences. 
C)  cultural acts that mock the widespread but erroneous belief of European cultural supremacy. 
D)  just like religious fundamentalism in that they are ancient cultural phenomena enjoying a rebirth in current world affairs. 
E)  antimodernist movements that reject anything Western.

Question 13

Totemism,one form of cosmology,is

Accepted Answer

A)  a system, in this case a religious one, for imagining and understanding the universe. 
B)  Claude Lévi-Strauss's term to describe the binary oppositions prevalent in religious myths all over the world. 
C)  a synonym for folklore. 
D)  the etic explanation of people's view on human agency. 
E)  the emic concept of spirituality. 
A)  a system, in this case a religious one, for imagining and understanding the universe. 
B)  Claude Lévi-Strauss's term to describe the binary oppositions prevalent in religious myths all over the world. 
C)  a synonym for folklore. 
D)  the etic explanation of people's view on human agency. 
E)  the emic concept of spirituality.

Question 14

Fundamentalists are not among those who feel alienated from the perceived secularism of modern culture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a reason that the Indian sacred cow is adaptive,according to Harris's studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Zebu cattle require less food per animal than do beef cattle. 
B)  Wandering cattle indirectly provide fertilizer for agricultural fields. 
C)  Zebu cattle are frequently slaughtered and their meat distributed on ceremonial occasions. 
D)  Cattle dung provides a cheap source of heating and cooking energy. 
E)  Cattle are an affordable form of power for peasant farmers. 
A)  Zebu cattle require less food per animal than do beef cattle. 
B)  Wandering cattle indirectly provide fertilizer for agricultural fields. 
C)  Zebu cattle are frequently slaughtered and their meat distributed on ceremonial occasions. 
D)  Cattle dung provides a cheap source of heating and cooking energy. 
E)  Cattle are an affordable form of power for peasant farmers.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about rites of passage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beliefs and rituals can, ironically, both diminish and create anxiety and a sense of insecurity and danger. 
B)  Despite their prevalence during the time that Victor Turner did his research, rites of passage have disappeared with the advent of modern life. 
C)  Participants in rites of passage only are tricked into believing that there was a big change in their lives. 
D)  Rites of passage only worsen the anxieties caused by other aspects of religion. 
E)  Rites of passage would be effective in diminishing anxiety and fear if they did not involve the liminal phase. 
A)  Beliefs and rituals can, ironically, both diminish and create anxiety and a sense of insecurity and danger. 
B)  Despite their prevalence during the time that Victor Turner did his research, rites of passage have disappeared with the advent of modern life. 
C)  Participants in rites of passage only are tricked into believing that there was a big change in their lives. 
D)  Rites of passage only worsen the anxieties caused by other aspects of religion. 
E)  Rites of passage would be effective in diminishing anxiety and fear if they did not involve the liminal phase.

Question 17

Based on people's claimed religions,Christianity is the world's largest,with some 2.2 billion adherents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Contrast ritual behavior with ordinary behavior.Give examples of religious and secular rituals.What are the main differences between such kinds of rituals?

Accepted Answer

Ritual behavior can be contrasted with o

Question 19

A syncretism is a mixture of cultural influences from a series of different cultural traditions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Protestant values such as asceticism and entrepreneurship as a result of the belief that success on Earth could lead to salvation,and a fervent individualism due to the belief that only individuals could be saved,both lead in the right conditions to the rise of capitalism.Who made this argument?

Accepted Answer

A) Claude Lévi-Strauss in his famous book The Savage Mind (1962,1966) 
B) Robert Bellah 
C) Anthony F.C.Wallace in his attempt to show religion's relevance in understanding historical change 
D) Sir Edward Burnett Tylor 
E) Max Weber in his influential book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904,1958) 
A) Claude Lévi-Strauss in his famous book The Savage Mind (1962,1966) 
B) Robert Bellah 
C) Anthony F.C.Wallace in his attempt to show religion's relevance in understanding historical change 
D) Sir Edward Burnett Tylor 
E) Max Weber in his influential book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904,1958)

Exam 21: Religion

Worldwide,Islam is growing at a rate of about 2.9 percent annually,versus 2.3 percent for Christianity.

Witch hunts are an example of how religion can be used to limit deviant social behavior by instilling strong motivations to behave properly.

Which of the following kinds of religion involves full-time religious specialists?

According to Victor Turner,all rites of passage have three phases: separation,liminality,and incorporation.Of these three,the liminal phase-which is the most interesting-is typically characterized by

According to Bronislaw Malinowski,religion provides people with emotional comfort during problematic times.

How do you explain the universality of religion?

What is communitas?

Much religious and ritual behavior is adaptive.Can you think of cases in which it is not? What does it mean for religion to be maladaptive?

Which of the following tend to be directed at socially marginal individuals as a method of social control?

What kind of religion is based on the idea that each human has a double that is active during sleep?

Cargo cults,syncretic religions that mix Melanesian and Christian beliefs,are

Totemism,one form of cosmology,is

Fundamentalists are not among those who feel alienated from the perceived secularism of modern culture.

Which of the following is NOT a reason that the Indian sacred cow is adaptive,according to Harris's studies?

Which of the following is true about rites of passage?

Based on people's claimed religions,Christianity is the world's largest,with some 2.2 billion adherents.

Contrast ritual behavior with ordinary behavior.Give examples of religious and secular rituals.What are the main differences between such kinds of rituals?

A syncretism is a mixture of cultural influences from a series of different cultural traditions.

Protestant values such as asceticism and entrepreneurship as a result of the belief that success on Earth could lead to salvation,and a fervent individualism due to the belief that only individuals could be saved,both lead in the right conditions to the rise of capitalism.Who made this argument?

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Applying Anthropology

Doing Archaeology and Biological Anthropology

Evolution and Genetics

Human Variation and Adaptation

The Primates

Early Hominins

Archaic Homo

The Origin and Spread of Modern Humans

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Making a Living

Political Systems

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters