Question 1

What is the fundamental notion of Western management practices? Is it universally acceptable?

Accepted Answer

Perhaps most fundamental to Western management practices is the notion that competition is crucial for efficiency, improvement, and regeneration. The notion of the "invisible hand," propounded by Adam Smith, justifies competitive behavior because it improves society and its organizations. Competition among salespeople is a good thing because it promotes better individual performance and consequently, better corporate performance. However, managers and policymakers in other cultures often do not share this "greed is good" view. Cooperation is more salient, and efficiencies are attained through reduced transaction costs. These latter views are more prevalent in collectivistic cultures such as China and Japan.

Question 2

Describe the popularity of a marketing orientation as compared to a product orientation.

Accepted Answer

The extent of a company's marketing orientation has been shown to relate positively to profits. Although American companies are increasingly embracing this notion (and marketing in general), firms in other countries have not been so fast to change from the more traditional production (consumers prefer products that are widely available), product (consumers favor products that offer the best quality, performance, or innovative features), and selling (consumers and businesses alike will not buy enough without prodding) orientations. Recently researchers have empirically verified that for various complex reasons, including cultural explanations, a marketing orientation is less prevalent in a number of other countries; and it can be difficult to encourage such an orientation across diverse business units in global companies.

Question 3

Simon Peters, a senior manager at Celise Export Logistics, goes to France to negotiate a deal with the company's French partners. He dresses casually in a t-shirt and jeans. His French counterparts call off the meeting and accuse him of taking a casual attitude toward negotiations. In this scenario, dressing formally during business meetings is probably a cultural _____ for the French.

Accepted Answer

A)  imperative 
B)  elective 
C)  exclusive 
D)  oddity 
E)  rarity 
A)  imperative 
B)  elective 
C)  exclusive 
D)  oddity 
E)  rarity A

Question 4

We are less likely to evaluate a person's behavior in terms of what is familiar to us because we use our self-reference criterion (SRC).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Subornation payments accompany requests for a person to do a job more rapidly or more efficiently.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Research has shown that commitment of workers to their companies tended to be higher in countries:

Accepted Answer

A)  higher in individualism and lower in power distance. 
B)  higher in collectivism and lower in individualism. 
C)  lower in individualism and higher in power distance. 
D)  higher in power distance and higher in individualism. 
E)  higher in collectivism and higher in power distance. 
A)  higher in individualism and lower in power distance. 
B)  higher in collectivism and lower in individualism. 
C)  lower in individualism and higher in power distance. 
D)  higher in power distance and higher in individualism. 
E)  higher in collectivism and higher in power distance.

Question 7

A firm whose marketing orientation is based on the belief that consumers and businesses alike will not buy enough without prodding is _____ oriented.

Accepted Answer

A)  distribution 
B)  buying 
C)  production 
D)  time 
E)  selling 
A)  distribution 
B)  buying 
C)  production 
D)  time 
E)  selling

Question 8

In the context of business ethics, many people in sub-Saharan Africa view Western _____ as a kind of exploitation that prevents treatment of AIDS for millions.

Accepted Answer

A)  medical missionaries 
B)  grants-in-aid 
C)  R-rated movies 
D)  intellectual property laws 
E)  lower trade tariffs 
A)  medical missionaries 
B)  grants-in-aid 
C)  R-rated movies 
D)  intellectual property laws 
E)  lower trade tariffs

Question 9

Which of the following views is consistent with normative U.S. cultural concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decision making should always be on an experimental basis. 
B)  Rewards must be based on recommendations and personal ties. 
C)  Strength and power of those in command takes precedence over improvement. 
D)  Independent enterprise is an instrument for social action. 
E)  Competition leads to reduction in business efficiency. 
A)  Decision making should always be on an experimental basis. 
B)  Rewards must be based on recommendations and personal ties. 
C)  Strength and power of those in command takes precedence over improvement. 
D)  Independent enterprise is an instrument for social action. 
E)  Competition leads to reduction in business efficiency.

Question 10

Discuss the American manager's attitude toward objectivity in decision making.

Accepted Answer

The very strong belief in the United Sta

Question 11

Companies in the _____ countries have a strong paternalistic orientation, and assume that individuals will work for one company for the majority of their lives.

Accepted Answer

A)  more hierarchical 
B)  more egalitarian 
C)  more individualistic 
D)  low Uncertainty Avoidance Index 
E)  more democratic 
A)  more hierarchical 
B)  more egalitarian 
C)  more individualistic 
D)  low Uncertainty Avoidance Index 
E)  more democratic

Question 12

Business customs in which an outsider must not participate are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  imperatives 
B)  electives 
C)  exclusives 
D)  absolutes 
E)  statutes 
A)  imperatives 
B)  electives 
C)  exclusives 
D)  absolutes 
E)  statutes

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the low percentage of women chosen for international assignments in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  The role of women as homemakers and caregivers does not allow for international assignments. 
B)  Men are generally more interested to take up international assignments than women. 
C)  Prejudice faced by American women executives in foreign, male-dominated societies is exaggerated. 
D)  There is a widespread belief that traditional roles of women in male-dominated societies precludes women from being successful in these societies. 
E)  Expenses involved in sending an unmarried women executive abroad are far higher than the expenses incurred in sending a married man with family. 
A)  The role of women as homemakers and caregivers does not allow for international assignments. 
B)  Men are generally more interested to take up international assignments than women. 
C)  Prejudice faced by American women executives in foreign, male-dominated societies is exaggerated. 
D)  There is a widespread belief that traditional roles of women in male-dominated societies precludes women from being successful in these societies. 
E)  Expenses involved in sending an unmarried women executive abroad are far higher than the expenses incurred in sending a married man with family.

Question 14

_____ involves a relatively small sum of cash, a gift, or a service that is intended to facilitate or expedite the normal, lawful performance of a duty by an official.

Accepted Answer

A)  Extortion 
B)  Ransom 
C)  Lubrication 
D)  Shakedown 
E)  Exaction 
A)  Extortion 
B)  Ransom 
C)  Lubrication 
D)  Shakedown 
E)  Exaction

Question 15

The strength of a firm's backing is the key to success for both women and men in international business.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Business customs to which adaptation is helpful but not necessary are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  imperatives 
B)  electives 
C)  exclusives 
D)  individualistic axioms 
E)  standardized axioms 
A)  imperatives 
B)  electives 
C)  exclusives 
D)  individualistic axioms 
E)  standardized axioms

Question 17

Electives are business customs to which adaptation is helpful but not necessary.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

According to Lester Thurow, in the British-American "individualistic" kind of capitalism, relationships among government, management, and labor in business systems are _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cooperative 
B)  commensalistic 
C)  synergistic 
D)  adversarial 
E)  conciliatory 
A)  cooperative 
B)  commensalistic 
C)  synergistic 
D)  adversarial 
E)  conciliatory

Question 19

In the context of business ethics, which of the following factors majorly kept the American economy afloat at the turn of the century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Missionaries and religious movements 
B)  Cultural homogenization 
C)  Rampant consumerism 
D)  Closed nature of the economy 
E)  Market speculators 
A)  Missionaries and religious movements 
B)  Cultural homogenization 
C)  Rampant consumerism 
D)  Closed nature of the economy 
E)  Market speculators

Question 20

Cultural imperatives are business customs that need not be recognized and accommodated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

What is the fundamental notion of Western management practices? Is it universally acceptable?

Describe the popularity of a marketing orientation as compared to a product orientation.

We are less likely to evaluate a person's behavior in terms of what is familiar to us because we use our self-reference criterion (SRC).

Subornation payments accompany requests for a person to do a job more rapidly or more efficiently.

Research has shown that commitment of workers to their companies tended to be higher in countries:

A firm whose marketing orientation is based on the belief that consumers and businesses alike will not buy enough without prodding is _____ oriented.

In the context of business ethics, many people in sub-Saharan Africa view Western _____ as a kind of exploitation that prevents treatment of AIDS for millions.

Which of the following views is consistent with normative U.S. cultural concepts?

Discuss the American manager's attitude toward objectivity in decision making.

Companies in the _____ countries have a strong paternalistic orientation, and assume that individuals will work for one company for the majority of their lives.

Business customs in which an outsider must not participate are called _____.

Which of the following best explains the low percentage of women chosen for international assignments in the United States?

_____ involves a relatively small sum of cash, a gift, or a service that is intended to facilitate or expedite the normal, lawful performance of a duty by an official.

The strength of a firm's backing is the key to success for both women and men in international business.

Business customs to which adaptation is helpful but not necessary are called _____.

Electives are business customs to which adaptation is helpful but not necessary.

According to Lester Thurow, in the British-American "individualistic" kind of capitalism, relationships among government, management, and labor in business systems are _____.

In the context of business ethics, which of the following factors majorly kept the American economy afloat at the turn of the century?

Cultural imperatives are business customs that need not be recognized and accommodated.

The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing

The Dynamic Environment of International Trade

History and Geography: The Foundations of Culture

Cultural Dynamics in Assessing Global Markets

The Political Environment: a Critical Concern

The International Legal Environment: Playing by the Rules

Developing a Global Vision Through Marketing Research

Economic Development and the Americas

Europe, Africa, and the Middle East

The Asia Pacific Region

Global Marketing Management: Planning and Organization

Products and Services for Consumers

Products and Services for Businesses

International Marketing Channels

Integrated Marketing Communications and International Advertising

Personal Selling and Sales Management

Pricing for International Markets

Inventive Negotiations With International Customers, Partners, and Regulators

Filters

Exam 5: Culture, Management Style, and Business Systems

What is the fundamental notion of Western management practices? Is it universally acceptable?

Describe the popularity of a marketing orientation as compared to a product orientation.

We are less likely to evaluate a person's behavior in terms of what is familiar to us because we use our self-reference criterion (SRC).

Subornation payments accompany requests for a person to do a job more rapidly or more efficiently.

Research has shown that commitment of workers to their companies tended to be higher in countries:

A firm whose marketing orientation is based on the belief that consumers and businesses alike will not buy enough without prodding is _____ oriented.

In the context of business ethics, many people in sub-Saharan Africa view Western _____ as a kind of exploitation that prevents treatment of AIDS for millions.

Which of the following views is consistent with normative U.S. cultural concepts?

Discuss the American manager's attitude toward objectivity in decision making.

Companies in the _____ countries have a strong paternalistic orientation, and assume that individuals will work for one company for the majority of their lives.

Business customs in which an outsider must not participate are called _____.

Which of the following best explains the low percentage of women chosen for international assignments in the United States?

_____ involves a relatively small sum of cash, a gift, or a service that is intended to facilitate or expedite the normal, lawful performance of a duty by an official.

The strength of a firm's backing is the key to success for both women and men in international business.

Business customs to which adaptation is helpful but not necessary are called _____.

Electives are business customs to which adaptation is helpful but not necessary.

According to Lester Thurow, in the British-American "individualistic" kind of capitalism, relationships among government, management, and labor in business systems are _____.

In the context of business ethics, which of the following factors majorly kept the American economy afloat at the turn of the century?

Cultural imperatives are business customs that need not be recognized and accommodated.

The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing

The Dynamic Environment of International Trade

History and Geography: The Foundations of Culture

Cultural Dynamics in Assessing Global Markets

The Political Environment: a Critical Concern

The International Legal Environment: Playing by the Rules

Developing a Global Vision Through Marketing Research

Economic Development and the Americas

Europe, Africa, and the Middle East

The Asia Pacific Region

Global Marketing Management: Planning and Organization

Products and Services for Consumers

Products and Services for Businesses

International Marketing Channels

Integrated Marketing Communications and International Advertising

Personal Selling and Sales Management

Pricing for International Markets

Inventive Negotiations With International Customers, Partners, and Regulators

Filters