Exam 8: Police and Constitutional Law

Individuals' ____________ is a standard developed for determining whether a government intrusion of a person or property constitutes a search because it interferes with individual interests that are normally protected from government intrusion.

Searches are not permissible if a police helicopter flies overhead and witnesses illegal activity.

A stop is defined as a brief interference with a person's freedom of movement.

If a citizen is not free to leave when an officer asserts her authority to stop him,this would be considered ____________________.

Which is true concerning search warrants?

Some argue that stop-and-frisk is applied unfairly.You are the commissioner of a police force in the NYPD which has been accused of applying stop-and-frisk more often in predominantly African American areas.As the commissioner,you can make changes.What can be done to assure that stop-and-frisk is used appropriately?

Stops must be justified by probable cause.

Which is contained in the Fourth Amendment?

In what case did the U.S.Supreme Court decide that the plain view doctrine permits officers to notice and use as evidence items that are visible to them when they are in a location in which they are permitted to be?

According to the ___________ doctrine,officers are permitted to search and to seize evidence,without a warrant,on private property beyond the area immediately surrounding the house.

Officer Castro notices a car in front of him driving at a slow speed.The driver seems to be driving erratically.Officer Castro activates his blue lights and attempts to pull over the car.The driver continues to drive for approximately two additional miles before pulling over.When Officer Castro slowly approaches the car,he smells what seems to be a heavy odor of marijuana.The driver has dilated eyes and slurred speech.There are four individuals in the car. Officer Castro would not need probable cause to search the vehicle if the driver gave him permission to search.This would be known as a(n)_________ search.

Many police actions fall under the ______ Amendment.

An arrest is an example of a seizure.

The Fourth Amendment requires that reasonable suspicion be established before a warrant is provided.

Who wrote the U.S.Supreme Court's opinion in Miranda v.Arizona (1966)?

Miranda warnings must be read to a suspect when he or she is taken into custody.

The U.S.Supreme Court created the exclusionary rule in the case of

What is the purpose of allowing searches after lawful arrests?

The U.S.Supreme Court repeated its endorsement of the Miranda requirements in

A brief interference with a person's freedom of movement of a duration that can be measured in minutes is called a(n)