Exam 4: Criminal Justice and the Rule of Law

Which term describes the causal relationship between an act and the harm suffered?

The ____________________ was used as a defense if someone committed a criminal act as a result of mental illness.

American law is based on the law of ____________________.

In which time period did the due process revolution occur?

A grand jury is a body of citizens that determines whether the prosecutor possesses sufficient evidence to justify the prosecution of a suspect for a serious crime.

The right to a fair trial is found in the ______ Amendment.

Penal codes specify the punishments for each offense.

For much of U.S.history,criminal defendants were not guaranteed the right to an attorney in all states.

Today the test used by most states to determine insanity is called the _____ test.

An inchoate offense does not require mens rea to be prosecuted.

The idea that insanity may involve a different combination of many factors in each case is called the

One morning,Rashaad arrived at work feeling under the weather.By lunchtime,he decided to take sick leave and go home.Upon arriving at his house,he saw his best friend's car in the driveway.Rashaad became concerned that something might be wrong with his wife.When he opened the door to his bedroom,he found his wife and best friend in a compromising position.In shock,Rashaad grabbed his gun and shot and killed his wife and friend.Rashaad's attorney argues that he was not in the proper state of mind when the murders were committed.This is an example of which excuse defense?

The ____ Amendment,which deals with due process and equal protection,is not a part of the Bill of Rights.

The phrase that distinguishes murder from nonnegligent manslaughter is

According to the Fifth Amendment's double jeopardy clause,a defendant may be tried for the same offense in the same jurisdiction on the same date twice.

Through the process of ________,the Supreme Court during the Warren Court era declared that elements of the Fourth,Fifth,Sixth,Eighth,and other amendments were part of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

You are a public defender who has to represent many different kinds of clients at any different time.Sometimes you prefer to use excuse defenses,and sometimes you choose to use justification defenses.Explain the distinction between excuse defenses and justification defenses,giving at least one example of each.

What is the current ideological balance of the U.S.Supreme Court? What can cause it to change in the coming years?

Judicial decisions guided by past cases are called ____________________.

Criminal law is divided into substantive law and ____________________ law.