Question 1

Which of the following is the chief extracellular cation?

Accepted Answer

A) Chloride 
B) Calcium 
C) Sodium 
D) Potassium 
A) Chloride 
B) Calcium 
C) Sodium 
D) Potassium

Question 2

Poor skin turgor is most indicative of

Accepted Answer

A) cystitis. 
B) acidosis. 
C) edema. 
D) dehydration. 
A) cystitis. 
B) acidosis. 
C) edema. 
D) dehydration.

Question 3

Kaliuresis refers to the urinary loss of

Accepted Answer

A) water. 
B) albumin. 
C) potassium. 
D) sodium. 
A) water. 
B) albumin. 
C) potassium. 
D) sodium.

Question 4

Which of the following is (are) true of Na⁺?

Accepted Answer

A) Is the chief extracellular anion 
B) Helps regulate extracellular volume 
C) Is regulated by ADH 
D) All of the above 
A) Is the chief extracellular anion 
B) Helps regulate extracellular volume 
C) Is regulated by ADH 
D) All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of metabolic acidosis with a respiratory compensation?

Accepted Answer

A) Morphine overdose and diuresis 
B) Persistent vomiting and hypoventilation 
C) Ketoacidosis and Kussmaul respirations 
D) Hypocalcemic tetany and hyperventilation 
A) Morphine overdose and diuresis 
B) Persistent vomiting and hypoventilation 
C) Ketoacidosis and Kussmaul respirations 
D) Hypocalcemic tetany and hyperventilation

Question 6

A deficiency of ADH,called diabetes insipidus,is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) glucosuria and an osmotic diuresis. 
B) polyuria and polydipsia. 
C) Kussmaul respirations and hyperventilation. 
D) edema formation and sodium retention. 
A) glucosuria and an osmotic diuresis. 
B) polyuria and polydipsia. 
C) Kussmaul respirations and hyperventilation. 
D) edema formation and sodium retention.

Question 7

Which ion determines pH?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium 
B) Hydrogen 
C) Bicarbonate 
D) Potassium 
A) Sodium 
B) Hydrogen 
C) Bicarbonate 
D) Potassium

Question 8

Which of the following is most likely to occur when output exceeds intake?

Accepted Answer

A) Diuresis 
B) Polyuria 
C) Hematuria 
D) Dehydration 
A) Diuresis 
B) Polyuria 
C) Hematuria 
D) Dehydration

Question 9

Which condition stimulates Kussmaul respirations?

Accepted Answer

A) Respiratory acidosis 
B) Respiratory alkalosis 
C) Ketoacidosis 
D) Hypocalcemic tetany 
A) Respiratory acidosis 
B) Respiratory alkalosis 
C) Ketoacidosis 
D) Hypocalcemic tetany

Question 10

Retention of which ion causes water retention and edema formation?

Accepted Answer

A) Potassium 
B) Hydrogen 
C) Sodium 
D) Bicarbonate 
A) Potassium 
B) Hydrogen 
C) Sodium 
D) Bicarbonate

Question 11

Which of the following is a pH descriptive of ketoacidosis?

Accepted Answer

A) 7.50 
B) pH > 7.45 
C) 14.0 
D) 7.25 
A) 7.50 
B) pH > 7.45 
C) 14.0 
D) 7.25

Question 12

Which group is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) Ions: sodium,potassium,calcium,bicarbonate,chloride 
B) Lines of defense against acid-base imbalance: buffers,lungs,kidneys 
C) Extracellular fluid: intravascular,interstitial,transcellular 
D) Substances that are normally found in a sample of urine: urea,creatinine,glucose 
A) Ions: sodium,potassium,calcium,bicarbonate,chloride 
B) Lines of defense against acid-base imbalance: buffers,lungs,kidneys 
C) Extracellular fluid: intravascular,interstitial,transcellular 
D) Substances that are normally found in a sample of urine: urea,creatinine,glucose

Question 13

Which group is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) Anions: bicarbonate,chloride,phosphate 
B) Lines of defense against acid-base imbalance: buffers,lungs,kidneys 
C) Transcellular fluids: aqueous humor,cerebrospinal fluid,synovial fluid 
D) Hormones: aldosterone,ADH,ANP,urea 
A) Anions: bicarbonate,chloride,phosphate 
B) Lines of defense against acid-base imbalance: buffers,lungs,kidneys 
C) Transcellular fluids: aqueous humor,cerebrospinal fluid,synovial fluid 
D) Hormones: aldosterone,ADH,ANP,urea

Question 14

Which of the following conditions is most apt to decrease glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

A) Overhydration 
B) Hypotension 
C) Administration of a diuretic for the treatment of edema 
D) Water intoxication 
A) Overhydration 
B) Hypotension 
C) Administration of a diuretic for the treatment of edema 
D) Water intoxication

Question 15

Generally speaking the movement of Na⁺ determines the

Accepted Answer

A) blood pH. 
B) blood glucose. 
C) secretion of PTH. 
D) movement of water. 
A) blood pH. 
B) blood glucose. 
C) secretion of PTH. 
D) movement of water.

Question 16

Respiratory rate is most sensitive to the effects of which ion?

Accepted Answer

A) Na+ 
B) K+ 
C) H+ 
D) Cl- 
A) Na+ 
B) K+ 
C) H+ 
D) Cl-

Question 17

Which of the following can be defined as an H⁺ donor?

Accepted Answer

A) Ion 
B) Tincture 
C) Acid 
D) Bicarbonate 
A) Ion 
B) Tincture 
C) Acid 
D) Bicarbonate

Question 18

Which of the following conditions is most apt to cause a dilutional hyponatremia?

Accepted Answer

A) Excess ingestion of water 
B) Dehydration 
C) Hypotension 
D) Diaphoresis 
A) Excess ingestion of water 
B) Dehydration 
C) Hypotension 
D) Diaphoresis

Question 19

Excess diuresis is most likely to cause

Accepted Answer

A) edema. 
B) overhydration. 
C) blood volume depletion. 
D) acidosis. 
A) edema. 
B) overhydration. 
C) blood volume depletion. 
D) acidosis.

Question 20

Most body water is located within which space?

Accepted Answer

A) Interstitial 
B) Intravascular 
C) Intracellular 
D) Transcellular 
A) Interstitial 
B) Intravascular 
C) Intracellular 
D) Transcellular

Exam 25: Water, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Balance

Which of the following is the chief extracellular cation?

Poor skin turgor is most indicative of

Kaliuresis refers to the urinary loss of

Which of the following is (are) true of Na⁺?

Which of the following is an example of metabolic acidosis with a respiratory compensation?

A deficiency of ADH,called diabetes insipidus,is characterized by

Which ion determines pH?

Which of the following is most likely to occur when output exceeds intake?

Which condition stimulates Kussmaul respirations?

Retention of which ion causes water retention and edema formation?

Which of the following is a pH descriptive of ketoacidosis?

Which group is incorrect?

Which group is incorrect?

Which of the following conditions is most apt to decrease glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Generally speaking the movement of Na⁺ determines the

Respiratory rate is most sensitive to the effects of which ion?

Which of the following can be defined as an H⁺ donor?

Which of the following conditions is most apt to cause a dilutional hyponatremia?

Excess diuresis is most likely to cause

Most body water is located within which space?

Introduction to the Human Body

Basic Chemistry

Cells

Cell Metabolism

Microbiology Basics

Tissues and Membranes

Integumentary System and Body Temperature

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System: Nervous Tissue and Brain

Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves

Autonomic Nervous System

Sensory System

Endocrine System

Blood

Anatomy of the Heart

Function of the Heart

Anatomy of the Blood Vessels and Special Circulations

Functions of the Blood Vessels

Lymphatic System

Immune System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Urinary System

Reproductive Systems

Human Development and Heredity

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