Question 1

Which of the following is most likely to develop in an anxious hyperventilating patient?

Accepted Answer

A) Respiratory acidosis 
B) Alkalosis 
C) A decrease in plasma pH 
D) Ketoacidosis 
A) Respiratory acidosis 
B) Alkalosis 
C) A decrease in plasma pH 
D) Ketoacidosis B

Question 2

K⁺

Accepted Answer

A) is a cation. 
B) is an acid. 
C) neutralizes H+. 
D) is the chief extracellular cation. 
A) is a cation. 
B) is an acid. 
C) neutralizes H+. 
D) is the chief extracellular cation. A

Question 3

Plasma oncotic pressure

Accepted Answer

A) is caused primarily by salt (sodium chloride). 
B) "pulls" water into the capillaries from the interstitium. 
C) pushes water out of the capillaries into the interstitium. 
D) increases the flow of lymph. 
A) is caused primarily by salt (sodium chloride). 
B) "pulls" water into the capillaries from the interstitium. 
C) pushes water out of the capillaries into the interstitium. 
D) increases the flow of lymph. B

Question 4

Which hormone causes the kidneys to retain sodium and to excrete potassium?

Accepted Answer

A) ADH 
B) Erythropoietin 
C) Aldosterone 
D) PTH 
A) ADH 
B) Erythropoietin 
C) Aldosterone 
D) PTH

Question 5

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A) is released in response to hypovolemia. 
B) causes Na+ excretion. 
C) causes K+ reabsorption. 
D) determines the permeability of the collecting duct to water. 
A) is released in response to hypovolemia. 
B) causes Na+ excretion. 
C) causes K+ reabsorption. 
D) determines the permeability of the collecting duct to water.

Question 6

Which of the following is a buffer pair?

Accepted Answer

A) PTH,aldosterone 
B) ADH,ANF 
C) HCO₃-,H₂CO₃ 
D) Sodium,potassium 
A) PTH,aldosterone 
B) ADH,ANF 
C) HCO₃-,H₂CO₃ 
D) Sodium,potassium

Question 7

Bicarbonate (HCO₃-) is considered an anion because it

Accepted Answer

A) contains hydrogen. 
B) contains carbon. 
C) contains oxygen. 
D) carries a negative charge. 
A) contains hydrogen. 
B) contains carbon. 
C) contains oxygen. 
D) carries a negative charge.

Question 8

Where does most of the body's acid come from?

Accepted Answer

A) It is reabsorbed from the urine by the kidneys. 
B) Metabolic reactions within the body 
C) Ingestion of fruit juices 
D) Ingestion of a variety of sources of bicarbonate 
A) It is reabsorbed from the urine by the kidneys. 
B) Metabolic reactions within the body 
C) Ingestion of fruit juices 
D) Ingestion of a variety of sources of bicarbonate

Question 9

Hyperkalemia refers to an increase in the blood levels of which ion?

Accepted Answer

A) Hydrogen 
B) Bicarbonate 
C) Calcium 
D) Potassium 
A) Hydrogen 
B) Bicarbonate 
C) Calcium 
D) Potassium

Question 10

An unconscious diabetic patient with a blood sugar of 450 mg/dL has an elevated temperature and is experiencing Kussmaul respirations.You suspect that

Accepted Answer

A) he is excreting large amounts of bicarbonate in his urine. 
B) his PO₂ is normal or high-normal. 
C) his blood pH is 7.25. 
D) Two of the above are true. 
A) he is excreting large amounts of bicarbonate in his urine. 
B) his PO₂ is normal or high-normal. 
C) his blood pH is 7.25. 
D) Two of the above are true.

Question 11

What does urinary specific gravity measure?

Accepted Answer

A) Plasma H+ concentration 
B) Hydration status of the body 
C) Plasma potassium 
D) The buffering capacity of the blood 
A) Plasma H+ concentration 
B) Hydration status of the body 
C) Plasma potassium 
D) The buffering capacity of the blood

Question 12

Which fluid compartment is located between the cells and is also called tissue fluid?

Accepted Answer

A) Lymph 
B) Plasma 
C) Interstitial 
D) Transcellular 
A) Lymph 
B) Plasma 
C) Interstitial 
D) Transcellular

Question 13

Which of the following is true of hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A) Also causes blood volume expansion and hypertension 
B) Refers to an elevation in serum potassium 
C) Is most often due to impaired respiratory function 
D) Is due to an accumulation of urea in the blood 
A) Also causes blood volume expansion and hypertension 
B) Refers to an elevation in serum potassium 
C) Is most often due to impaired respiratory function 
D) Is due to an accumulation of urea in the blood

Question 14

Which of the following best indicates the role of albumin in water balance?

Accepted Answer

A) Blocks the renal reabsorption of Na+ 
B) Enhances the renal excretion of K+ 
C) Maintains plasma oncotic pressure 
D) "Plugs up" capillary pores,keeping water in the plasma 
A) Blocks the renal reabsorption of Na+ 
B) Enhances the renal excretion of K+ 
C) Maintains plasma oncotic pressure 
D) "Plugs up" capillary pores,keeping water in the plasma

Question 15

Which of the following forms the greatest extracellular fluid compartment?

Accepted Answer

A) Lymph 
B) Interstitial 
C) Plasma 
D) Transcellular 
A) Lymph 
B) Interstitial 
C) Plasma 
D) Transcellular

Question 16

Hyperkalemia

Accepted Answer

A) refers to an elevated serum calcium level. 
B) generally develops in response to declining renal function. 
C) is often caused by a kaliuretic diuretic. 
D) is caused by excess aldosterone. 
A) refers to an elevated serum calcium level. 
B) generally develops in response to declining renal function. 
C) is often caused by a kaliuretic diuretic. 
D) is caused by excess aldosterone.

Question 17

Most diuretics increase urine production by blocking the effects of which cation?

Accepted Answer

A) Calcium 
B) Bicarbonate 
C) Chloride 
D) Sodium 
A) Calcium 
B) Bicarbonate 
C) Chloride 
D) Sodium

Question 18

With carbon dioxide retention,CO₂ + H₂O à

Accepted Answer

A) H₂O₂. 
B) H+ + HCO₃-. 
C) bicarbonate. 
D) H₂O + H₂O. 
A) H₂O₂. 
B) H+ + HCO₃-. 
C) bicarbonate. 
D) H₂O + H₂O.

Question 19

Which of the following acts as a base?

Accepted Answer

A) H+ 
B) OH- 
C) Calcium ion 
D) Gastric juice 
A) H+ 
B) OH- 
C) Calcium ion 
D) Gastric juice

Question 20

Which of the following is true of dehydration?

Accepted Answer

A) Is characterized by poor skin turgor and "tenting" 
B) Is accompanied by an decrease in urine specific gravity 
C) Causes a shift of water from the vasculature into the interstitium 
D) Is generally treated with a diuretic 
A) Is characterized by poor skin turgor and "tenting" 
B) Is accompanied by an decrease in urine specific gravity 
C) Causes a shift of water from the vasculature into the interstitium 
D) Is generally treated with a diuretic

Exam 25: Water, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Balance

Which of the following is most likely to develop in an anxious hyperventilating patient?

K⁺

Plasma oncotic pressure

Which hormone causes the kidneys to retain sodium and to excrete potassium?

Aldosterone

Which of the following is a buffer pair?

Bicarbonate (HCO₃-) is considered an anion because it

Where does most of the body's acid come from?

Hyperkalemia refers to an increase in the blood levels of which ion?

An unconscious diabetic patient with a blood sugar of 450 mg/dL has an elevated temperature and is experiencing Kussmaul respirations.You suspect that

What does urinary specific gravity measure?

Which fluid compartment is located between the cells and is also called tissue fluid?

Which of the following is true of hyperkalemia?

Which of the following best indicates the role of albumin in water balance?

Which of the following forms the greatest extracellular fluid compartment?

Hyperkalemia

Most diuretics increase urine production by blocking the effects of which cation?

With carbon dioxide retention,CO₂ + H₂O à

Which of the following acts as a base?

Which of the following is true of dehydration?

Introduction to the Human Body

Basic Chemistry

Cells

Cell Metabolism

Microbiology Basics

Tissues and Membranes

Integumentary System and Body Temperature

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System: Nervous Tissue and Brain

Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves

Autonomic Nervous System

Sensory System

Endocrine System

Blood

Anatomy of the Heart

Function of the Heart

Anatomy of the Blood Vessels and Special Circulations

Functions of the Blood Vessels

Lymphatic System

Immune System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Urinary System

Reproductive Systems

Human Development and Heredity

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