Question 1

Hyperventilation is most likely to cause

Accepted Answer

A) a blood pH higher than 7.45. 
B) diuresis. 
C) edema. 
D) acidosis. 
A) a blood pH higher than 7.45. 
B) diuresis. 
C) edema. 
D) acidosis.

Question 2

A patient with pulmonary edema is receiving furosemide (Lasix),a kaliuretic diuretic.He has lost 6.6 lb over a 48-hr period.Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A) His urinary output has decreased. 
B) He has lost water weight. 
C) He will become hyperkalemic if the furosemide is continued. 
D) The loss of 6.6 lb causes "tenting." 
A) His urinary output has decreased. 
B) He has lost water weight. 
C) He will become hyperkalemic if the furosemide is continued. 
D) The loss of 6.6 lb causes "tenting."

Question 3

Which of the following is the trigger for the release of ADH?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreased blood volume 
B) Renin 
C) Dehydration 
D) More than one of the above are true. 
A) Decreased blood volume 
B) Renin 
C) Dehydration 
D) More than one of the above are true.

Question 4

Which of the following is most likely to occur when output is less than intake?

Accepted Answer

A) Dehydration 
B) Edema 
C) Hypovolemia 
D) Polyuria 
A) Dehydration 
B) Edema 
C) Hypovolemia 
D) Polyuria

Question 5

Which of the following is most likely to develop in a patient who hypoventilates because of a chronic respiratory disease,such as emphysema?

Accepted Answer

A) Kussmaul respirations 
B) A decrease in the plasma concentration of hydrogen ion 
C) An increase in plasma pH 
D) Acidosis 
A) Kussmaul respirations 
B) A decrease in the plasma concentration of hydrogen ion 
C) An increase in plasma pH 
D) Acidosis

Question 6

Which of the following is most likely to cause acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Persistent vomiting 
B) Accumulation of plasma H+ 
C) Renal loss of albumin 
D) Diuresis 
A) Persistent vomiting 
B) Accumulation of plasma H+ 
C) Renal loss of albumin 
D) Diuresis

Question 7

This anion is an important part of a major buffer pair and therefore plays an important role in acid-base regulation.

Accepted Answer

A) Na+ 
B) Bicarbonate 
C) HCO₃- 
D) Both B and C are true 
A) Na+ 
B) Bicarbonate 
C) HCO₃- 
D) Both B and C are true

Question 8

Which of the following is least descriptive of dehydration?

Accepted Answer

A) Tenting 
B) Anasarca 
C) Hypovolemia 
D) Concentrated plasma 
A) Tenting 
B) Anasarca 
C) Hypovolemia 
D) Concentrated plasma

Question 9

Which of the following is most likely to happen when fatty acids are broken down rapidly and incompletely?

Accepted Answer

A) The plasma pH decreases,causing metabolic alkalosis. 
B) The patient hypoventilates in an attempt to correct the pH disturbance. 
C) Ketoacids are produced,causing metabolic acidosis. 
D) The plasma [H+] decreases. 
A) The plasma pH decreases,causing metabolic alkalosis. 
B) The patient hypoventilates in an attempt to correct the pH disturbance. 
C) Ketoacids are produced,causing metabolic acidosis. 
D) The plasma [H+] decreases.

Question 10

Hypocalcemia is most likely to

Accepted Answer

A) cause blood volume expansion (hypervolemia). 
B) be treated with IV potassium. 
C) cause tetany. 
D) be caused by excess parathyroid hormone activity. 
A) cause blood volume expansion (hypervolemia). 
B) be treated with IV potassium. 
C) cause tetany. 
D) be caused by excess parathyroid hormone activity.

Question 11

Which of the following anions buffers H⁺?

Accepted Answer

A) Ca² + 
B) HCO₃- 
C) Na+ 
D) K+ 
A) Ca² + 
B) HCO₃- 
C) Na+ 
D) K+

Question 12

Which group is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) Cations: sodium,potassium,calcium 
B) Acid-base imbalances: acidosis,alkalosis 
C) Lines of defense against acid-base imbalance: buffers,lungs,kidneys 
D) Transcellular fluids: aqueous humor,cerebrospinal fluid,plasma 
A) Cations: sodium,potassium,calcium 
B) Acid-base imbalances: acidosis,alkalosis 
C) Lines of defense against acid-base imbalance: buffers,lungs,kidneys 
D) Transcellular fluids: aqueous humor,cerebrospinal fluid,plasma

Question 13

Which hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb calcium and to excrete phosphate?

Accepted Answer

A) ADH 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Parathyroid hormone 
D) Erythropoietin 
A) ADH 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Parathyroid hormone 
D) Erythropoietin

Question 14

Hypoventilation is most likely to cause

Accepted Answer

A) acidosis. 
B) edema. 
C) renal excretion of bicarbonate. 
D) hypokalemia. 
A) acidosis. 
B) edema. 
C) renal excretion of bicarbonate. 
D) hypokalemia.

Question 15

More than 99% of which cation is stored in the bones and teeth?

Accepted Answer

A) Potassium 
B) Hydrogen 
C) Chloride 
D) Calcium 
A) Potassium 
B) Hydrogen 
C) Chloride 
D) Calcium

Question 16

A patient is admitted with severe emphysema and a PO₂ of 85.He also has a blood pH of 7.25 and a serum bicarbonate of 40 mEq/liter.Which of the following is the accurate description?

Accepted Answer

A) Metabolic acidosis and respiratory compensation 
B) Metabolic alkalosis with a respiratory compensation 
C) Respiratory alkalosis with a renal compensation 
D) Respiratory acidosis with a renal compensation 
A) Metabolic acidosis and respiratory compensation 
B) Metabolic alkalosis with a respiratory compensation 
C) Respiratory alkalosis with a renal compensation 
D) Respiratory acidosis with a renal compensation

Question 17

The determination of daily weights is used to monitor

Accepted Answer

A) serum K+. 
B) diuretic therapy. 
C) concentration of plasma protein. 
D) pH. 
A) serum K+. 
B) diuretic therapy. 
C) concentration of plasma protein. 
D) pH.

Question 18

Third spacing

Accepted Answer

A) is caused by aggressive diuretic therapy. 
B) describes a severe state of hypovolemia and dehydration. 
C) involves only the interstitial space. 
D) can result in an abnormal accumulation of large amounts of water. 
A) is caused by aggressive diuretic therapy. 
B) describes a severe state of hypovolemia and dehydration. 
C) involves only the interstitial space. 
D) can result in an abnormal accumulation of large amounts of water.

Question 19

Which of the following is not true of extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A) Most body water is extracellular. 
B) Plasma is extracellular fluid. 
C) Transcellular fluid is extracellular. 
D) There is more interstitial fluid than intravascular fluid. 
A) Most body water is extracellular. 
B) Plasma is extracellular fluid. 
C) Transcellular fluid is extracellular. 
D) There is more interstitial fluid than intravascular fluid.

Question 20

Metabolic acidosis,such as diabetic ketoacidosis,is most likely to cause

Accepted Answer

A) hypoventilation. 
B) Kussmaul respirations. 
C) the renal excretion of bicarbonate. 
D) the renal retention of H+. 
A) hypoventilation. 
B) Kussmaul respirations. 
C) the renal excretion of bicarbonate. 
D) the renal retention of H+.

Exam 25: Water, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Balance

Hyperventilation is most likely to cause

A patient with pulmonary edema is receiving furosemide (Lasix),a kaliuretic diuretic.He has lost 6.6 lb over a 48-hr period.Which statement is true?

Which of the following is the trigger for the release of ADH?

Which of the following is most likely to occur when output is less than intake?

Which of the following is most likely to develop in a patient who hypoventilates because of a chronic respiratory disease,such as emphysema?

Which of the following is most likely to cause acidosis?

This anion is an important part of a major buffer pair and therefore plays an important role in acid-base regulation.

Which of the following is least descriptive of dehydration?

Which of the following is most likely to happen when fatty acids are broken down rapidly and incompletely?

Hypocalcemia is most likely to

Which of the following anions buffers H⁺?

Which group is incorrect?

Which hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb calcium and to excrete phosphate?

Hypoventilation is most likely to cause

More than 99% of which cation is stored in the bones and teeth?

A patient is admitted with severe emphysema and a PO₂ of 85.He also has a blood pH of 7.25 and a serum bicarbonate of 40 mEq/liter.Which of the following is the accurate description?

The determination of daily weights is used to monitor

Third spacing

Which of the following is not true of extracellular fluid?

Metabolic acidosis,such as diabetic ketoacidosis,is most likely to cause

Introduction to the Human Body

Basic Chemistry

Cells

Cell Metabolism

Microbiology Basics

Tissues and Membranes

Integumentary System and Body Temperature

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System: Nervous Tissue and Brain

Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves

Autonomic Nervous System

Sensory System

Endocrine System

Blood

Anatomy of the Heart

Function of the Heart

Anatomy of the Blood Vessels and Special Circulations

Functions of the Blood Vessels

Lymphatic System

Immune System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Urinary System

Reproductive Systems

Human Development and Heredity

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