Question 1

Glucose is not normally excreted in the urine because

Accepted Answer

A) glucose cannot be filtered. 
B) all filtered glucose is reabsorbed. 
C) glucose is used up by the metabolizing nephron units. 
D) glucose is converted to ammonia in the distal tubule and excreted as urea. 
A) glucose cannot be filtered. 
B) all filtered glucose is reabsorbed. 
C) glucose is used up by the metabolizing nephron units. 
D) glucose is converted to ammonia in the distal tubule and excreted as urea.

Question 2

Which of the following is true of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

A) Is secreted by the adrenal medulla 
B) Stimulates the distal tubule to reabsorb Na+ 
C) Stimulates the proximal tubule to reabsorb K+ 
D) Works on the collecting duct membrane to determine membrane permeability to water 
A) Is secreted by the adrenal medulla 
B) Stimulates the distal tubule to reabsorb Na+ 
C) Stimulates the proximal tubule to reabsorb K+ 
D) Works on the collecting duct membrane to determine membrane permeability to water

Question 3

The word voiding refers to

Accepted Answer

A) urine formation. 
B) catheterization. 
C) micturition. 
D) cystitis. 
A) urine formation. 
B) catheterization. 
C) micturition. 
D) cystitis.

Question 4

What vascular structure is found between the afferent and efferent arterioles?

Accepted Answer

A) Peritubular capillaries 
B) Renal artery 
C) Glomerulus 
D) Renal veins 
A) Peritubular capillaries 
B) Renal artery 
C) Glomerulus 
D) Renal veins

Question 5

Angiotensin II

Accepted Answer

A) is secreted by the JGA cells in the kidney. 
B) is converted to angiotensin I by renin. 
C) is a potent vasoconstrictor. 
D) inhibits the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. 
A) is secreted by the JGA cells in the kidney. 
B) is converted to angiotensin I by renin. 
C) is a potent vasoconstrictor. 
D) inhibits the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex.

Question 6

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

Accepted Answer

A) secretes angiotensin in response to a decline in blood pressure. 
B) is located within the walls of the collecting ducts. 
C) secretes aldosterone. 
D) is a blood pressure regulating structure. 
A) secretes angiotensin in response to a decline in blood pressure. 
B) is located within the walls of the collecting ducts. 
C) secretes aldosterone. 
D) is a blood pressure regulating structure.

Question 7

Urine flows from the ascending limb (loop of Henle) into the

Accepted Answer

A) glomeruli. 
B) proximal convoluted tubule. 
C) distal convoluted tubule. 
D) ureter. 
A) glomeruli. 
B) proximal convoluted tubule. 
C) distal convoluted tubule. 
D) ureter.

Question 8

The distal convoluted tubule

Accepted Answer

A) receives urine from the collecting duct. 
B) reabsorbs Na+ and water in response to aldosterone. 
C) is the nephron structure that is primarily associated with filtration. 
D) empties its urine into Bowman's capsule. 
A) receives urine from the collecting duct. 
B) reabsorbs Na+ and water in response to aldosterone. 
C) is the nephron structure that is primarily associated with filtration. 
D) empties its urine into Bowman's capsule.

Question 9

What is the major artery that supplies the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A) Carotid 
B) Portal 
C) Celiac axis 
D) Renal 
A) Carotid 
B) Portal 
C) Celiac axis 
D) Renal

Question 10

Which of the following is true of urea?

Accepted Answer

A) Is an excretable form of nitrogen 
B) Is synthesized by the kidneys 
C) Is converted to ammonia by converting enzyme in the lungs 
D) Is a pancreatic proteolytic enzyme 
A) Is an excretable form of nitrogen 
B) Is synthesized by the kidneys 
C) Is converted to ammonia by converting enzyme in the lungs 
D) Is a pancreatic proteolytic enzyme

Question 11

What happens at the glomerular membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) Water and dissolved solute are filtered into Bowman's capsule. 
B) The JGA cells release ADH. 
C) The JGA cells release aldosterone. 
D) Na+ is reabsorbed. 
A) Water and dissolved solute are filtered into Bowman's capsule. 
B) The JGA cells release ADH. 
C) The JGA cells release aldosterone. 
D) Na+ is reabsorbed.

Question 12

Which substance is filtered by the glomerulus and is excreted in the urine (there is minimal reabsorption)?

Accepted Answer

A) Albumin 
B) Glucose 
C) Sodium 
D) Creatinine 
A) Albumin 
B) Glucose 
C) Sodium 
D) Creatinine

Question 13

Low levels of oxygen stimulate the kidneys to secrete which hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) Renin 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Erythropoietin 
D) Converting enzyme 
A) Renin 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Erythropoietin 
D) Converting enzyme

Question 14

The detrusor muscle is concerned with

Accepted Answer

A) urine formation. 
B) micturition. 
C) sodium reabsorption. 
D) potassium excretion. 
A) urine formation. 
B) micturition. 
C) sodium reabsorption. 
D) potassium excretion.

Question 15

The urinary bladder

Accepted Answer

A) contains only skeletal muscle. 
B) receives urine from two urethras. 
C) causes diuresis in response to ADH deficiency. 
D) causes micturition when the detrusor muscle contracts and the internal sphincter relaxes. 
A) contains only skeletal muscle. 
B) receives urine from two urethras. 
C) causes diuresis in response to ADH deficiency. 
D) causes micturition when the detrusor muscle contracts and the internal sphincter relaxes.

Question 16

Which of the following is caused by a deficiency of erythropoietin?

Accepted Answer

A) Oliguria 
B) Anemia 
C) Albuminuria 
D) Cystitis 
A) Oliguria 
B) Anemia 
C) Albuminuria 
D) Cystitis

Question 17

When does renal reabsorption occur?

Accepted Answer

A) When water and dissolved solute move from the tubules into the peritubular capillaries 
B) When water and dissolved solute move from the tubules into the glomerular capillaries 
C) When water moves from the collecting duct into the renal pelvis 
D) When water and dissolved solute move from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules 
A) When water and dissolved solute move from the tubules into the peritubular capillaries 
B) When water and dissolved solute move from the tubules into the glomerular capillaries 
C) When water moves from the collecting duct into the renal pelvis 
D) When water and dissolved solute move from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules

Question 18

Micturition

Accepted Answer

A) is another term for urination. 
B) occurs across the glomerular membrane. 
C) is the opposite of voiding. 
D) All of the above are true. 
A) is another term for urination. 
B) occurs across the glomerular membrane. 
C) is the opposite of voiding. 
D) All of the above are true.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of dehydration?

Accepted Answer

A) Is characterized by an increase in urine specific gravity 
B) Is accompanied by a decrease in sodium retention 
C) Causes a shift of water from the vasculature into the interstitium 
D) Is generally treated with a diuretic 
A) Is characterized by an increase in urine specific gravity 
B) Is accompanied by a decrease in sodium retention 
C) Causes a shift of water from the vasculature into the interstitium 
D) Is generally treated with a diuretic

Question 20

Which of the following structures is considered "plumbing"?

Accepted Answer

A) Collecting duct 
B) Ureter 
C) Glomerulus 
D) Two of the above are true. 
A) Collecting duct 
B) Ureter 
C) Glomerulus 
D) Two of the above are true.

Exam 24: Urinary System

Glucose is not normally excreted in the urine because

Which of the following is true of aldosterone?

The word voiding refers to

What vascular structure is found between the afferent and efferent arterioles?

Angiotensin II

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

Urine flows from the ascending limb (loop of Henle) into the

The distal convoluted tubule

What is the major artery that supplies the kidneys?

Which of the following is true of urea?

What happens at the glomerular membrane?

Which substance is filtered by the glomerulus and is excreted in the urine (there is minimal reabsorption)?

Low levels of oxygen stimulate the kidneys to secrete which hormone?

The detrusor muscle is concerned with

The urinary bladder

Which of the following is caused by a deficiency of erythropoietin?

When does renal reabsorption occur?

Micturition

Which of the following is true of dehydration?

Which of the following structures is considered "plumbing"?

Introduction to the Human Body

Basic Chemistry

Cells

Cell Metabolism

Microbiology Basics

Tissues and Membranes

Integumentary System and Body Temperature

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System: Nervous Tissue and Brain

Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves

Autonomic Nervous System

Sensory System

Endocrine System

Blood

Anatomy of the Heart

Function of the Heart

Anatomy of the Blood Vessels and Special Circulations

Functions of the Blood Vessels

Lymphatic System

Immune System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Balance

Reproductive Systems

Human Development and Heredity

Filters