Question 1

The proximal convoluted tubules extend to become the

Accepted Answer

A) peritubular capillaries. 
B) collecting duct. 
C) descending limb (loop of Henle). 
D) glomeruli. 
A) peritubular capillaries. 
B) collecting duct. 
C) descending limb (loop of Henle). 
D) glomeruli.

Question 2

What is the meaning of an elevated serum creatinine?

Accepted Answer

A) The kidneys are making too much creatinine. 
B) Too much creatinine is being reabsorbed by the peritubular capillaries. 
C) The kidneys are not filtering creatinine; this is a sign of kidney failure. 
D) The kidneys are excreting too much urine. 
A) The kidneys are making too much creatinine. 
B) Too much creatinine is being reabsorbed by the peritubular capillaries. 
C) The kidneys are not filtering creatinine; this is a sign of kidney failure. 
D) The kidneys are excreting too much urine.

Question 3

A drug that blocks the effects of aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A) decreases the reabsorption of Na+ and water. 
B) is kaliuretic. 
C) causes oliguria. 
D) Two of the above are true. 
A) decreases the reabsorption of Na+ and water. 
B) is kaliuretic. 
C) causes oliguria. 
D) Two of the above are true.

Question 4

Natriuresis refers to the renal excretion of

Accepted Answer

A) K+. 
B) Na+. 
C) water. 
D) bicarbonate. 
A) K+. 
B) Na+. 
C) water. 
D) bicarbonate.

Question 5

Which of the following occurs at the distal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A) 180 L of water is filtered into the tubules. 
B) Renin is secreted. 
C) Urine flows from the distal convoluted tubule into the ascending loop of Henle. 
D) Sodium and water are reabsorbed. 
A) 180 L of water is filtered into the tubules. 
B) Renin is secreted. 
C) Urine flows from the distal convoluted tubule into the ascending loop of Henle. 
D) Sodium and water are reabsorbed.

Question 6

With regard to reabsorption,which structure plays the most important role?

Accepted Answer

A) Glomeruli 
B) Renal pelvis 
C) Urinary bladder 
D) Peritubular capillaries 
A) Glomeruli 
B) Renal pelvis 
C) Urinary bladder 
D) Peritubular capillaries

Question 7

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A) is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. 
B) acts on the collecting duct blocking the reabsorption of water. 
C) stimulates the reabsorption of water but has no effect on potassium. 
D) is a mineralocorticoid that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium. 
A) is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. 
B) acts on the collecting duct blocking the reabsorption of water. 
C) stimulates the reabsorption of water but has no effect on potassium. 
D) is a mineralocorticoid that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium.

Question 8

When the arterial blood pressure declines to 70/40 mm Hg,

Accepted Answer

A) GFR decreases. 
B) diuresis occurs. 
C) aldosterone secretion decreases. 
D) ADH secretion diminishes. 
A) GFR decreases. 
B) diuresis occurs. 
C) aldosterone secretion decreases. 
D) ADH secretion diminishes.

Question 9

The "urine-making" structure of the kidney is the

Accepted Answer

A) urinary bladder. 
B) nephron unit. 
C) trigone. 
D) renal pelvis. 
A) urinary bladder. 
B) nephron unit. 
C) trigone. 
D) renal pelvis.

Question 10

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A) depletes blood volume. 
B) causes potassium reabsorption. 
C) causes sodium excretion. 
D) causes Na+ and water reabsorption. 
A) depletes blood volume. 
B) causes potassium reabsorption. 
C) causes sodium excretion. 
D) causes Na+ and water reabsorption.

Question 11

Which of the following should not be found in the glomerular filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A) Albumin 
B) Sodium 
C) Potassium 
D) Water 
A) Albumin 
B) Sodium 
C) Potassium 
D) Water

Question 12

Glomerular filtration pressure is caused by

Accepted Answer

A) intrathoracic pressure. 
B) pressure within the renal tubules. 
C) blood pressure. 
D) intraabdominal pressure. 
A) intrathoracic pressure. 
B) pressure within the renal tubules. 
C) blood pressure. 
D) intraabdominal pressure.

Question 13

Which of the following is absorbed across the walls of the collecting duct under the influence of ADH?

Accepted Answer

A) Potassium 
B) Urea 
C) Water 
D) Albumin 
A) Potassium 
B) Urea 
C) Water 
D) Albumin

Question 14

A diuretic

Accepted Answer

A) causes the excretion of sodium and water in the urine. 
B) causes hyperglycemia. 
C) blocks the effects of PTH. 
D) stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the peritubular capillaries. 
A) causes the excretion of sodium and water in the urine. 
B) causes hyperglycemia. 
C) blocks the effects of PTH. 
D) stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the peritubular capillaries.

Question 15

Most angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II primarily in the

Accepted Answer

A) kidneys. 
B) JGA. 
C) lungs. 
D) liver. 
A) kidneys. 
B) JGA. 
C) lungs. 
D) liver.

Question 16

Most tubular reabsorption takes place

Accepted Answer

A) across the glomerular membrane. 
B) in response to aldosterone. 
C) in response to ADH. 
D) across the proximal tubule. 
A) across the glomerular membrane. 
B) in response to aldosterone. 
C) in response to ADH. 
D) across the proximal tubule.

Question 17

Which of the following is not "plumbing"?

Accepted Answer

A) Glomeruli 
B) Ureters 
C) Urinary bladder 
D) Urethra 
A) Glomeruli 
B) Ureters 
C) Urinary bladder 
D) Urethra

Question 18

Which condition is associated with proteinuria?

Accepted Answer

A) Bladder infection 
B) Urethritis 
C) Glomerular damage 
D) Deficiency of ADH 
A) Bladder infection 
B) Urethritis 
C) Glomerular damage 
D) Deficiency of ADH

Question 19

This hormone increases systemic vascular resistance and causes the release of aldosterone.

Accepted Answer

A) Renin 
B) Erythropoietin 
C) Brain natriuretic hormone 
D) Angiotensin II 
A) Renin 
B) Erythropoietin 
C) Brain natriuretic hormone 
D) Angiotensin II

Question 20

Which of the following is most likely to cause polyuria?

Accepted Answer

A) Oversecretion of aldosterone 
B) Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
C) Deficiency of ADH 
D) Activation of angiotensinogen 
A) Oversecretion of aldosterone 
B) Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
C) Deficiency of ADH 
D) Activation of angiotensinogen

Exam 24: Urinary System

The proximal convoluted tubules extend to become the

What is the meaning of an elevated serum creatinine?

A drug that blocks the effects of aldosterone

Natriuresis refers to the renal excretion of

Which of the following occurs at the distal convoluted tubule?

With regard to reabsorption,which structure plays the most important role?

Aldosterone

When the arterial blood pressure declines to 70/40 mm Hg,

The "urine-making" structure of the kidney is the

Aldosterone

Which of the following should not be found in the glomerular filtrate?

Glomerular filtration pressure is caused by

Which of the following is absorbed across the walls of the collecting duct under the influence of ADH?

A diuretic

Most angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II primarily in the

Most tubular reabsorption takes place

Which of the following is not "plumbing"?

Which condition is associated with proteinuria?

This hormone increases systemic vascular resistance and causes the release of aldosterone.

Which of the following is most likely to cause polyuria?

Introduction to the Human Body

Basic Chemistry

Cells

Cell Metabolism

Microbiology Basics

Tissues and Membranes

Integumentary System and Body Temperature

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System: Nervous Tissue and Brain

Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves

Autonomic Nervous System

Sensory System

Endocrine System

Blood

Anatomy of the Heart

Function of the Heart

Anatomy of the Blood Vessels and Special Circulations

Functions of the Blood Vessels

Lymphatic System

Immune System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Balance

Reproductive Systems

Human Development and Heredity

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