Exam 4: The Early Schools of Criminology

The doctrine whose central tenet is that the achievement of pleasure is the main goal of life is known as

Which two theorists are most often associated with the classical school?

The philosopher the most closely associated with the principle of utility was

Classical criminologists were more concerned with discovering biological, psychological, or social determinants of criminal behavior than with the positivist concerns of legal and penal reforms.

Modern criminology is the product of which two main schools of thought?

The positivist school of criminology is primarily interested in making punishment more just and humane.

Describe the contributions of Andre M.Guerry and Adolphe Quetelet to the field of criminology, and explain their significance.

Bentham is considered a bridge between what two schools?

Define human agency.

Specific deterrence refers to the preventive effect of the threat of punishment on the general population.

______ was the term used by Lombroso to refer to those whom he considered to be evolutionary throwbacks, biological inferior beings who resembled ancestral prehuman forms of life.

Crime rates in Great Britain ______ when the levels of punishment decreased?

There is little evidence that increasing the severity of the sanction (in the form of sentence length) has any deterrent effect.

Balance, if on the side of pleasure, will give the general evil tendency of the act.

Explain the contributions of Cesare Beccaria to the field of criminology.How did he feel about capital punishment? List some of his ideas that are still prominent today.

Define free will.

Describe Cesare Lombroso's theory of atavism.What are insane criminals? What are criminaloids?

Identify the four circumstances to be considered in estimating a pleasure or pain considered by itself.

Determinism

While walking to her car in a mall parking lot, a woman is approached by a man who displays a handgun and demands her purse.She gives him her purse, and he runs away with it.How would each of the following theoretical perspectives explain this crime? (A) Classicalism (B) Biological Positivism