Question 1

Speciation may be described as either allopatric or sympatric.What is the primary difference between the two types of speciation?

Accepted Answer

Allopatric speciation occurs when two po

Question 2

The red-breasted nuthatch and the white-breasted nuthatch are similar in appearance and,in many regions of the United States,their ranges overlap.The two organisms do not interbreed.Based on this information,red-breasted and white-breasted nuthatches are

Accepted Answer

A)  different species. 
B)  different populations of the same species. 
C)  hybrids. 
D)  polyploids. 
A)  different species. 
B)  different populations of the same species. 
C)  hybrids. 
D)  polyploids.

Question 3

Individuals of the same species generally

Accepted Answer

A)  experience prezygotic barriers to reproduction. 
B)  do not interbreed extensively. 
C)  share many common physical and behavioral characteristics. 
D)  vary only slightly in appearance. 
A)  experience prezygotic barriers to reproduction. 
B)  do not interbreed extensively. 
C)  share many common physical and behavioral characteristics. 
D)  vary only slightly in appearance.

Question 4

Bacteria reproduce asexually,so scientists classify them based on

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA sequence similarity and morphology. 
B)  reproductive isolation. 
C)  the biological species concept. 
D)  the idea that they are all strains of the same species. 
A)  DNA sequence similarity and morphology. 
B)  reproductive isolation. 
C)  the biological species concept. 
D)  the idea that they are all strains of the same species.

Question 5

Two species live in the same area but breed in different parts of their habitat.These species are

Accepted Answer

A)  geographically isolated. 
B)  ecologically isolated. 
C)  artificially isolated. 
D)  likely to produce hybrids. 
A)  geographically isolated. 
B)  ecologically isolated. 
C)  artificially isolated. 
D)  likely to produce hybrids.

Question 6

Determine the type of reproductive barrier described in each statement.
-Two toad species in the same habitat breed at different times of the year.

Accepted Answer

A) hybrid sterility 
B) behavioral isolation 
C) ecological isolation 
D) zygote death 
E) gametic isolation 
A) hybrid sterility 
B) behavioral isolation 
C) ecological isolation 
D) zygote death 
E) gametic isolation

Question 7

Geographic isolation limits the ________ between separated populations of a species.

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic differences 
B)  adaptation 
C)  directional selection 
D)  gene flow 
A)  genetic differences 
B)  adaptation 
C)  directional selection 
D)  gene flow

Question 8

The formation of a new species

Accepted Answer

A)  can occur any time genetic divergence occurs. 
B)  can only occur when two populations are geographically isolated. 
C)  can only occur when two populations are sympatric. 
D)  is a process that stopped occurring thousands of years ago. 
A)  can occur any time genetic divergence occurs. 
B)  can only occur when two populations are geographically isolated. 
C)  can only occur when two populations are sympatric. 
D)  is a process that stopped occurring thousands of years ago.

Question 9

Before the cultivation of the apple tree,apple maggot flies laid their eggs exclusively on the fruit of Hawthorne trees.As apple orchards became more prominent,apple maggot flies began to lay their eggs on both the fruit of the Hawthorne tree and the fruit of cultivated apple trees.Now,apple maggot flies that live on apple trees mate and lay their eggs at different times of the year than apple maggot flies that live on Hawthorne trees.Is this an example of reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes; these two fly populations exhibit a postzygotic barrier that prevents hybrid individuals from developing properly. 
B)  No; although these two fly populations do not mate in nature, they can be forced to mate in a laboratory because their DNA sequences are still the same. 
C)  No; this is an example of speciation rather than reproductive isolation. 
D)  Yes; these two fly populations exhibit a behavioral prezygotic barrier that prevents their gametes from encountering each other. 
A)  Yes; these two fly populations exhibit a postzygotic barrier that prevents hybrid individuals from developing properly. 
B)  No; although these two fly populations do not mate in nature, they can be forced to mate in a laboratory because their DNA sequences are still the same. 
C)  No; this is an example of speciation rather than reproductive isolation. 
D)  Yes; these two fly populations exhibit a behavioral prezygotic barrier that prevents their gametes from encountering each other.

Question 10

Which of the following is MOST likely an example of coevolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  The color of a rodent's hair changes to better match a new environment. 
B)  A parasitic worm develops a new mechanism to attach to the gut lining of an organism that has a special adaptation designed to shed parasitic worms. 
C)  Two different species of plants produce flowers that are the same color, which attracts honeybees. 
D)  Two unrelated rodent species on different continents develop flaps of skin between their front legs and bodies that allow them to glide between trees. 
A)  The color of a rodent's hair changes to better match a new environment. 
B)  A parasitic worm develops a new mechanism to attach to the gut lining of an organism that has a special adaptation designed to shed parasitic worms. 
C)  Two different species of plants produce flowers that are the same color, which attracts honeybees. 
D)  Two unrelated rodent species on different continents develop flaps of skin between their front legs and bodies that allow them to glide between trees.

Question 11

Although populations of North American apple maggot flies are not geographically isolated,they appear to be in the process of diverging into two new species.Which of the following could be causing speciation between two populations in the lack of geographic isolation?

Accepted Answer

A)  feeding on two different types of food 
B)  producing fertile hybrids 
C)  laying their eggs in the same location 
D)  increased gene flow between them 
A)  feeding on two different types of food 
B)  producing fertile hybrids 
C)  laying their eggs in the same location 
D)  increased gene flow between them

Question 12

For two populations to accumulate enough genetic differences to cause speciation,the factors that promote these differences

Accepted Answer

A)  must operate in populations that are not physically separated. 
B)  must have a greater effect than does the amount of ongoing gene flow. 
C)  need to be combined with the forces of genetic drift. 
D)  should include polyploidy. 
A)  must operate in populations that are not physically separated. 
B)  must have a greater effect than does the amount of ongoing gene flow. 
C)  need to be combined with the forces of genetic drift. 
D)  should include polyploidy.

Question 13

Every year,environmental signals in Africa cause flycatchers to return to the Netherlands to breed.When they arrive,they depend on freshly hatched caterpillars for food.Global climate change has caused the caterpillars to hatch earlier in the Netherlands,but the environmental cues in Africa remain the same.Now,when the flycatchers return to the Netherlands,the caterpillars are no longer available as a food source.Which of the following is most likely to happen to this species of flycatcher?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flycatchers may learn that caterpillars are hatching earlier and will begin flying to the Netherlands earlier. 
B)  Flycatchers will adapt to environmental change if genetic traits that aid flycatchers in utilizing food sources other than caterpillars are present. 
C)  Flycatchers will not adapt to environmental change because bird species are unable to utilize new food sources. 
D)  Flycatchers will remain in the Netherlands instead of returning to Africa. 
A)  Flycatchers may learn that caterpillars are hatching earlier and will begin flying to the Netherlands earlier. 
B)  Flycatchers will adapt to environmental change if genetic traits that aid flycatchers in utilizing food sources other than caterpillars are present. 
C)  Flycatchers will not adapt to environmental change because bird species are unable to utilize new food sources. 
D)  Flycatchers will remain in the Netherlands instead of returning to Africa.

Question 14

For which of the following would a mountain range MOST likely represent a geographic barrier that would block gene flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  birds 
B)  deer 
C)  mice 
D)  butterflies 
A)  birds 
B)  deer 
C)  mice 
D)  butterflies

Question 15

A rain forest is a highly complex habitat with organisms living at various levels in the trees,on the ground,and underground.Is it possible to consider two populations of insects living in the same tree to be geographically isolated?

Accepted Answer

A)  No, because if they are in the same tree, they are in the same geographic area. 
B)  No, because if they are in the same square acre, they cannot be considered geographically isolated. 
C)  Yes, because insects only undergo allopatric speciation, and there are many species of insects. 
D)  Yes, because there are so many habitats in one tree that the populations may never interact. 
A)  No, because if they are in the same tree, they are in the same geographic area. 
B)  No, because if they are in the same square acre, they cannot be considered geographically isolated. 
C)  Yes, because insects only undergo allopatric speciation, and there are many species of insects. 
D)  Yes, because there are so many habitats in one tree that the populations may never interact.

Question 16

In general,geographical isolation occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  populations migrate to new environments. 
B)  gene flow is reduced by more than 75 percent due to climate change. 
C)  mutations overcome genetic drift across physical barriers. 
D)  populations are separated by a distance that is great enough to limit gene flow. 
A)  populations migrate to new environments. 
B)  gene flow is reduced by more than 75 percent due to climate change. 
C)  mutations overcome genetic drift across physical barriers. 
D)  populations are separated by a distance that is great enough to limit gene flow.

Question 17

If two populations of beetles living in isolated areas are physically different but genetically similar,would they be considered one species or two? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

Although the physical differences may le

Question 18

How does geographic isolation lead to speciation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Geographic isolation allows mechanisms of evolution to cause genetic divergence. 
B)  Populations that are geographically isolated develop reproductive barriers. 
C)  The habitats for geographically isolated species are always different, and this leads to morphological differences. 
D)  Geographic isolation does not lead to speciation. 
A)  Geographic isolation allows mechanisms of evolution to cause genetic divergence. 
B)  Populations that are geographically isolated develop reproductive barriers. 
C)  The habitats for geographically isolated species are always different, and this leads to morphological differences. 
D)  Geographic isolation does not lead to speciation.

Question 19

Speciation

Accepted Answer

A)  can result from geographic isolation. 
B)  occurs in the absence of genetic divergence. 
C)  occurs only in species living on remote islands. 
D)  reduces variation. 
A)  can result from geographic isolation. 
B)  occurs in the absence of genetic divergence. 
C)  occurs only in species living on remote islands. 
D)  reduces variation.

Question 20

Match each numbered statement to one of the terms listed below.
-evolution in one species that leads to reciprocal adaptation in another species

Accepted Answer

A) coevolution 
B) biological species concept 
C) morphological species concept 
D) speciation 
E) morphology
F)adaptation 
A) coevolution 
B) biological species concept 
C) morphological species concept 
D) speciation 
E) morphology
F)adaptation

Speciation may be described as either allopatric or sympatric.What is the primary difference between the two types of speciation?

The red-breasted nuthatch and the white-breasted nuthatch are similar in appearance and,in many regions of the United States,their ranges overlap.The two organisms do not interbreed.Based on this information,red-breasted and white-breasted nuthatches are

Individuals of the same species generally

Bacteria reproduce asexually,so scientists classify them based on

Two species live in the same area but breed in different parts of their habitat.These species are

Determine the type of reproductive barrier described in each statement. -Two toad species in the same habitat breed at different times of the year.

Geographic isolation limits the ________ between separated populations of a species.

The formation of a new species

Which of the following is MOST likely an example of coevolution?

Although populations of North American apple maggot flies are not geographically isolated,they appear to be in the process of diverging into two new species.Which of the following could be causing speciation between two populations in the lack of geographic isolation?

For two populations to accumulate enough genetic differences to cause speciation,the factors that promote these differences

For which of the following would a mountain range MOST likely represent a geographic barrier that would block gene flow?

A rain forest is a highly complex habitat with organisms living at various levels in the trees,on the ground,and underground.Is it possible to consider two populations of insects living in the same tree to be geographically isolated?

In general,geographical isolation occurs when

If two populations of beetles living in isolated areas are physically different but genetically similar,would they be considered one species or two? Explain your answer.

How does geographic isolation lead to speciation?

Speciation

Match each numbered statement to one of the terms listed below. -evolution in one species that leads to reciprocal adaptation in another species

The Nature of Science

Evaluating Scientific Claims

Chemistry of Life

Life Is Cellular

How Cells Work

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

What Genes Are

How Genes Work

Evidence for Evolution

Mechanisms of Evolution

The History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Plants, Fungi, and Protists

Animals and Human Evolution

General Principles of Ecology

Growth of Populations

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Filters

Exam 13: Adaptation and Species

Speciation may be described as either allopatric or sympatric.What is the primary difference between the two types of speciation?

The red-breasted nuthatch and the white-breasted nuthatch are similar in appearance and,in many regions of the United States,their ranges overlap.The two organisms do not interbreed.Based on this information,red-breasted and white-breasted nuthatches are

Individuals of the same species generally

Bacteria reproduce asexually,so scientists classify them based on

Two species live in the same area but breed in different parts of their habitat.These species are

Determine the type of reproductive barrier described in each statement. -Two toad species in the same habitat breed at different times of the year.

Geographic isolation limits the ________ between separated populations of a species.

The formation of a new species

Which of the following is MOST likely an example of coevolution?

Although populations of North American apple maggot flies are not geographically isolated,they appear to be in the process of diverging into two new species.Which of the following could be causing speciation between two populations in the lack of geographic isolation?

For two populations to accumulate enough genetic differences to cause speciation,the factors that promote these differences

For which of the following would a mountain range MOST likely represent a geographic barrier that would block gene flow?

A rain forest is a highly complex habitat with organisms living at various levels in the trees,on the ground,and underground.Is it possible to consider two populations of insects living in the same tree to be geographically isolated?

In general,geographical isolation occurs when

If two populations of beetles living in isolated areas are physically different but genetically similar,would they be considered one species or two? Explain your answer.

How does geographic isolation lead to speciation?

Speciation

Match each numbered statement to one of the terms listed below. -evolution in one species that leads to reciprocal adaptation in another species

The Nature of Science

Evaluating Scientific Claims

Chemistry of Life

Life Is Cellular

How Cells Work

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

What Genes Are

How Genes Work

Evidence for Evolution

Mechanisms of Evolution

The History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Plants, Fungi, and Protists

Animals and Human Evolution

General Principles of Ecology

Growth of Populations

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Filters