Exam 2: Cell Physiology

Which elements of the cytoskeleton are the smallest?

In what process does the flow of H+ ions activate ATP synthase and power ATP synthesis by its headpiece?

Peroxisomes are membranous sacs containing ____________________ enzymes.

Ribosomes bring together all components that participate in protein synthesis and provide the enzymes and energy required for linking the amino acids together.​

What is an alternative name for the citric acid cycle?

DNA and associated nuclear proteins are organized into ____________________.​

Figure 2-7 Answer the corresponding questions using the accompanying figure. -At what numbered stage in the accompanying figure does the membrane close beneath the bud and pinch off the secretory vesicle?

What is the smallest structural/functional unit capable of carrying out life processes?

What type of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)is made of tubules and lumens?

Discuss the three components of the cytoskeleton.

The cytoskeleton is the protein scaffolding of the cell and serves as its "bones and muscles."

High demands for ATP make ____________________ alone an insufficient and inefficient supplier of power for most cells.

The functional activities of each cell depend on the ability to divide.​

Cellular respiration refers collectively to the intracellular reactions in which energy-rich molecules are broken down to form O₂.​

Mitochondria generate about ____________________% of the energy that cells need to survive and function.

The nucleus is typically the largest single organized cell component.​

Pseudopods are characteristic of what form of endocytosis?​

____________________ are irregular,threadlike proteins.

As part of their separate heritage,mitochondria possess their own DNA.​

What emerging science studies environmentally induced modifications of a gene's activity that do not involve a change in the gene's DNA code?