Exam 9: Lumbar Spine, Sacrum, and Coccyx

A radiograph of an AP axial coccyx reveals that the symphysis pubis is superimposed over the distal end of the coccyx.Which of the following modifications will correct this problem during the repeat exposure?

A female is more likely to suffer a fracture of the coccyx due to a backward, sitting type of fall than a male.

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the lumbar spine reveals that the mid- to lower-intervertebral joint spaces are not open.The patient's waist was supported and the CR was perpendicular to the IR.Which of the following modifications will help open these joint spaces during the repeat exposure?

Which specific aspect of the sacrum articulates with the ilium to form the sacroiliac joint?

Where is the central ray (CR) centered for an AP projection of the lumbar spine with a 14- × 17-inch (35- × 43-cm) IR?

The anterior oblique (RAO and LAO) positions of the lumbar spine will demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints closest to the image receptor.

A patient comes to radiology for a study of the lumbar spine.He has a clinical history of spondylolisthesis of L5.Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the severity of this condition?

Which labeled structure is the spinous process?

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior to computed tomography (CT) for evaluation of spinal cord and intervertebral disks.

If the patient has scoliosis, the convexity of the spine should be down toward the image receptor for the lateral spine projection.

What is the term for the superior aspect of the coccyx?

Which aspect of the Scottie dog is the inferior articular process?

The pelvis must remain stationary for the AP right and left bending projections of the scoliosis series.

A radiograph of an AP projection of the lumbar spine on an average-size patient reveals that the psoas major muscles and transverse processes are not visible.The following analog factors were used for this projection: automatic exposure control (AEC) with center ionization chamber, 95 kV, 40-inch (102-cm) SID, grid, and 14- × 17-inch (35- × 43-cm) image receptor.Which of the following modifications will be most effective in demonstrating these structures?

For a lateral L5-S1 projection, the CR must be parallel to the:

The LPO position for sacroiliac joints will best demonstrate the right joint.

The Scottie dog sign is demonstrated with oblique projections of the thoracic and lumbar spine.

Which aspect of the Scottie dog is the pedicle?

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the lateral L5-S1 projection?

The small section of bone found between the superior and inferior articular processes of the lumbar spine is termed: