Question 1

Where is the CR centered for posterior oblique projections of the SI joints?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 inch (2.5 cm) medial to upside ASIS 
B) 2 inches (5 cm) medial to upside ASIS 
C) Centered at upside ASIS 
D) 1 inch (2.5 cm) medial and inferior to upside ASIS 
A) 1 inch (2.5 cm) medial to upside ASIS 
B) 2 inches (5 cm) medial to upside ASIS 
C) Centered at upside ASIS 
D) 1 inch (2.5 cm) medial and inferior to upside ASIS

Question 2

The intervertebral joints in the lumbar spine are classified as:

Accepted Answer

A) synovial/diarthrodial. 
B) fibrous/synarthrodial. 
C) cartilaginous/amphiarthrodial. 
D) fibrous/amphiarthrodial. 
A) synovial/diarthrodial. 
B) fibrous/synarthrodial. 
C) cartilaginous/amphiarthrodial. 
D) fibrous/amphiarthrodial.

Question 3

A patient comes to radiology for a study of the lumbar spine.The initial radiographs demonstrate potential pathology involving the L5-S1 zygapophyseal joint.Which of the following positions and/or projections would best demonstrate this joint space?

Accepted Answer

A) Lateral L5-S1 position 
B) Right and left 30° oblique projections 
C) Right and left 50° oblique projections 
D) Closely collimated and lateral position of L5-S1 region 
A) Lateral L5-S1 position 
B) Right and left 30° oblique projections 
C) Right and left 50° oblique projections 
D) Closely collimated and lateral position of L5-S1 region

Question 4

A destructive type of lesion with irregular margins and increased density is an indication of possible:

Accepted Answer

A) osteoblastic type of metastases. 
B) osteolytic type of metastases. 
C) spondylolisthesis. 
D) spondylolysis. 
A) osteoblastic type of metastases. 
B) osteolytic type of metastases. 
C) spondylolisthesis. 
D) spondylolysis.

Question 5

Radiographs of oblique projections of the SI joints do not clearly demonstrate the inferior/distal aspect of the joints.What can the technologist do to better demonstrate this region?

Accepted Answer

A) Increase rotation of the pelvis. 
B) Initiate exposure upon expiration. 
C) Angle the CR 15° to 20° cephalad. 
D) Perform positions erect. 
A) Increase rotation of the pelvis. 
B) Initiate exposure upon expiration. 
C) Angle the CR 15° to 20° cephalad. 
D) Perform positions erect.

Question 6

The use of digital radiography is not recommended for studies of the sacrum and coccyx.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which labeled structure is the inferior articular process?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 8

What type of CR angulation is required for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?

Accepted Answer

A) 10° caudad 
B) 15° cephalad 
C) 10° cephalad 
D) Perpendicular to the cassette 
A) 10° caudad 
B) 15° cephalad 
C) 10° cephalad 
D) Perpendicular to the cassette

Question 9

Sciatic type of pain resulting from a "slipped disk" indicates:

Accepted Answer

A) spondylolisthesis. 
B) herniated nucleus pulposus. 
C) ankylosing spondylitis. 
D) spina bifida. 
A) spondylolisthesis. 
B) herniated nucleus pulposus. 
C) ankylosing spondylitis. 
D) spina bifida.

Question 10

A female patient is brought to the emergency department (ED) because of a motor vehicle accident (MVA).Her chief complaint is pain in the lower lumbar region.The ED physician orders a lumbar series.Upon questioning, the technologist learns that the patient is pregnant.The ED physician is made aware of the pregnancy but still wants the lumbar spine series performed.What can the technologist do to minimize dose to the fetus and mother?

Accepted Answer

A) Use higher kV than normal; reduce mAs accordingly. 
B) Use smallest IR possible. 
C) Collimate as much as feasible. 
D) All of the above should be done. 
A) Use higher kV than normal; reduce mAs accordingly. 
B) Use smallest IR possible. 
C) Collimate as much as feasible. 
D) All of the above should be done.

Question 11

The anterior projecting bony process of the sacrum that forms part of the inlet of the true pelvis is the:

Accepted Answer

A) promontory of the sacrum. 
B) body of S1. 
C) apex of coccyx. 
D) sacral foramina. 
A) promontory of the sacrum. 
B) body of S1. 
C) apex of coccyx. 
D) sacral foramina.

Question 12

Another term for the sacral horns is the:

Accepted Answer

A) base of the sacrum. 
B) promontory of the sacrum. 
C) cornu of the sacrum. 
D) median sacral crest. 
A) base of the sacrum. 
B) promontory of the sacrum. 
C) cornu of the sacrum. 
D) median sacral crest.

Question 13

Which of the following structures is located at the level of the ASIS?

Accepted Answer

A) S1-2 (sacral segments) 
B) Tip of coccyx 
C) L5-S1 joint space 
D) L4-5 joint space 
A) S1-2 (sacral segments) 
B) Tip of coccyx 
C) L5-S1 joint space 
D) L4-5 joint space

Question 14

A key advantage of a posteroanterior (PA) projection taken during a pediatric scoliosis study as compared with the AP projection is that it reduces:

Accepted Answer

A) breast dose by 90%. 
B) female ovarian dose by 25% to 30%. 
C) breast dose by 15% to 20%. 
D) breast and thyroid dose by 150%. 
A) breast dose by 90%. 
B) female ovarian dose by 25% to 30%. 
C) breast dose by 15% to 20%. 
D) breast and thyroid dose by 150%.

Question 15

How much obliquity of the body is required for posterior oblique (LPO/RPO) positions for the sacroiliac joints?

Accepted Answer

A) 45° 
B) 10° to 15° 
C) 60° to 70° 
D) 25° to 30° 
A) 45° 
B) 10° to 15° 
C) 60° to 70° 
D) 25° to 30°

Question 16

Gonadal shielding must always be used on adult female patients for the lumbar spine series.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is a congenital condition termed:

Accepted Answer

A) spina bifida. 
B) spondylolisthesis. 
C) lordosis. 
D) scoliosis. 
A) spina bifida. 
B) spondylolisthesis. 
C) lordosis. 
D) scoliosis.

Question 18

Which aspect of the Scottie dog is the superior articular process?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 19

Which one of the following structures of the sacrum is considered to be the most posterior?

Accepted Answer

A) Median sacral crest 
B) Promontory 
C) Superior articular processes 
D) Spinous processes 
A) Median sacral crest 
B) Promontory 
C) Superior articular processes 
D) Spinous processes

Question 20

A young female patient comes to radiology for a scoliosis study.The patient has had this series performed frequently.How much will the breast dose be decreased if a PA rather than an AP projection is taken?

Accepted Answer

A) 15% 
B) 90% 
C) 35% 
D) It will not make a significant difference with good collimation. 
A) 15% 
B) 90% 
C) 35% 
D) It will not make a significant difference with good collimation.

Where is the CR centered for posterior oblique projections of the SI joints?

The intervertebral joints in the lumbar spine are classified as:

A patient comes to radiology for a study of the lumbar spine.The initial radiographs demonstrate potential pathology involving the L5-S1 zygapophyseal joint.Which of the following positions and/or projections would best demonstrate this joint space?

A destructive type of lesion with irregular margins and increased density is an indication of possible:

Radiographs of oblique projections of the SI joints do not clearly demonstrate the inferior/distal aspect of the joints.What can the technologist do to better demonstrate this region?

The use of digital radiography is not recommended for studies of the sacrum and coccyx.

Which labeled structure is the inferior articular process?

What type of CR angulation is required for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?

Sciatic type of pain resulting from a "slipped disk" indicates:

The anterior projecting bony process of the sacrum that forms part of the inlet of the true pelvis is the:

Another term for the sacral horns is the:

Which of the following structures is located at the level of the ASIS?

A key advantage of a posteroanterior (PA) projection taken during a pediatric scoliosis study as compared with the AP projection is that it reduces:

How much obliquity of the body is required for posterior oblique (LPO/RPO) positions for the sacroiliac joints?

Gonadal shielding must always be used on adult female patients for the lumbar spine series.

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is a congenital condition termed:

Which aspect of the Scottie dog is the superior articular process?

Which one of the following structures of the sacrum is considered to be the most posterior?

A young female patient comes to radiology for a scoliosis study.The patient has had this series performed frequently.How much will the breast dose be decreased if a PA rather than an AP projection is taken?

Terminology, Positioning, and Imaging Principles

Chest

Abdomen

Upper Limb

Humerus and Shoulder Girdle

Lower Limb

Femur and Pelvic Girdle

Cervical and Thoracic Spine

Bony Thoraxsternum and Ribs

Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses

Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System

Lower Gi System

Urinary System and Venipuncture

Trauma, Mobile, and Surgical Radiography

Pediatric Radiography

Angiography and Interventional Procedures

Computed Tomography

Special Radiographic Procedures

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Modalities

Filters

Exam 9: Lumbar Spine, Sacrum, and Coccyx

Where is the CR centered for posterior oblique projections of the SI joints?

The intervertebral joints in the lumbar spine are classified as:

A patient comes to radiology for a study of the lumbar spine.The initial radiographs demonstrate potential pathology involving the L5-S1 zygapophyseal joint.Which of the following positions and/or projections would best demonstrate this joint space?

A destructive type of lesion with irregular margins and increased density is an indication of possible:

Radiographs of oblique projections of the SI joints do not clearly demonstrate the inferior/distal aspect of the joints.What can the technologist do to better demonstrate this region?

The use of digital radiography is not recommended for studies of the sacrum and coccyx.

Which labeled structure is the inferior articular process?

What type of CR angulation is required for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?

Sciatic type of pain resulting from a "slipped disk" indicates:

The anterior projecting bony process of the sacrum that forms part of the inlet of the true pelvis is the:

Another term for the sacral horns is the:

Which of the following structures is located at the level of the ASIS?

A key advantage of a posteroanterior (PA) projection taken during a pediatric scoliosis study as compared with the AP projection is that it reduces:

How much obliquity of the body is required for posterior oblique (LPO/RPO) positions for the sacroiliac joints?

Gonadal shielding must always be used on adult female patients for the lumbar spine series.

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is a congenital condition termed:

Which aspect of the Scottie dog is the superior articular process?

Which one of the following structures of the sacrum is considered to be the most posterior?

A young female patient comes to radiology for a scoliosis study.The patient has had this series performed frequently.How much will the breast dose be decreased if a PA rather than an AP projection is taken?

Terminology, Positioning, and Imaging Principles

Chest

Abdomen

Upper Limb

Humerus and Shoulder Girdle

Lower Limb

Femur and Pelvic Girdle

Cervical and Thoracic Spine

Bony Thoraxsternum and Ribs

Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses

Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System

Lower Gi System

Urinary System and Venipuncture

Trauma, Mobile, and Surgical Radiography

Pediatric Radiography

Angiography and Interventional Procedures

Computed Tomography

Special Radiographic Procedures

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Modalities

Filters