Question 1

Earthquakes that occur in a band called a ____________ can be used to track the motion of subducted oceanic lithosphere.

Accepted Answer

A)  Wegener belt 
B)  seismic gap 
C)  Wadati-Benioff zone 
A)  Wegener belt 
B)  seismic gap 
C)  Wadati-Benioff zone

Question 2

Which earthquake severity scale measures the amplitude of deflection of a seismograph pen,standardized to an idealized distance of 100 km between epicenter and seismograph?

Accepted Answer

A)  Richter scale 
B)  Mercalli scale 
C)  seismic-moment magnitude scale 
A)  Richter scale 
B)  Mercalli scale 
C)  seismic-moment magnitude scale

Question 3

Earthquakes are likely to occur along ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent-plate boundaries only 
B)  divergent-plate boundaries only 
C)  transform-plate boundaries only 
D)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  convergent-plate boundaries only 
B)  divergent-plate boundaries only 
C)  transform-plate boundaries only 
D)  All of the above are correct.

Question 4

As a seismologist examining a seismogram,you would know that the third set of waves displayed ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  would cause the most damage 
B)  are S-waves 
C)  are P-waves 
D)  are an indication that the major earthquake is over and that the aftershocks have begun 
A)  would cause the most damage 
B)  are S-waves 
C)  are P-waves 
D)  are an indication that the major earthquake is over and that the aftershocks have begun

Question 5

At any point along the fault plane surface of an oblique (nonvertical)fault,the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hanging wall lies vertically above the footwall 
B)  footwall lies vertically above the hanging wall 
C)  hanging wall lies to the left of the footwall 
D)  footwall lies to the left of the hanging wall 
A)  hanging wall lies vertically above the footwall 
B)  footwall lies vertically above the hanging wall 
C)  hanging wall lies to the left of the footwall 
D)  footwall lies to the left of the hanging wall

Question 6

On December 26,2004,a magnitude 9 earthquake generated a tsunami that devastated coastlines along the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Atlantic Ocean 
B)  Arctic Ocean 
C)  Indian Ocean 
D)  Pacific Ocean 
A)  Atlantic Ocean 
B)  Arctic Ocean 
C)  Indian Ocean 
D)  Pacific Ocean

Question 7

Medium- and deep-focus earthquakes occur along ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent-plate boundaries only 
B)  divergent-plate boundaries only 
C)  transform-plate boundaries only 
D)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  convergent-plate boundaries only 
B)  divergent-plate boundaries only 
C)  transform-plate boundaries only 
D)  All of the above are correct.

Question 8

In order for an earthquake to occur where you live,which of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  You live in a seismic belt. 
B)  Energy must be released in the Earth's crust. 
C)  You live on the Pacific Ocean. 
D)  Slip must occur along a fault. 
A)  You live in a seismic belt. 
B)  Energy must be released in the Earth's crust. 
C)  You live on the Pacific Ocean. 
D)  Slip must occur along a fault.

Question 9

This fundamental principle of physics is the basis behind the effectiveness of a seismometer.

Accepted Answer

A)  The change of momentum of a body is proportional to the impulse impressed on the body, and happens along the straight line on which that impulse is impressed. 
B)  The mutual forces of action and reaction between two bodies are equal, opposite, and collinear. 
C)  Every body persists in its state of being at rest or of moving uniformly straight forward, except insofar as it is compelled to change its state by force impressed. 
D)  To every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction. 
A)  The change of momentum of a body is proportional to the impulse impressed on the body, and happens along the straight line on which that impulse is impressed. 
B)  The mutual forces of action and reaction between two bodies are equal, opposite, and collinear. 
C)  Every body persists in its state of being at rest or of moving uniformly straight forward, except insofar as it is compelled to change its state by force impressed. 
D)  To every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction.

Question 10

A surface along which rock on opposed sides is offset by earthquake-induced slip is called a ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  joint 
B)  fault 
C)  fold 
D)  wall 
A)  joint 
B)  fault 
C)  fold 
D)  wall

Question 11

Faulting and earthquakes are examples of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  brittle behavior 
B)  ductile behavior 
A)  brittle behavior 
B)  ductile behavior

Question 12

Vertical motion seismographs record earthquakes through the production of a squiggly diagram called a ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  wave sheet 
B)  seismogram 
C)  pictogram 
D)  camera lucida 
A)  wave sheet 
B)  seismogram 
C)  pictogram 
D)  camera lucida

Question 13

Virtually all of the deaths attributed to major earthquakes have resulted from the collapse of buildings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Earthquakes are a result of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a sudden change in atmospheric pressure 
B)  mantle upwelling 
C)  erosion 
D)  lithosphere-plate movement 
A)  a sudden change in atmospheric pressure 
B)  mantle upwelling 
C)  erosion 
D)  lithosphere-plate movement

Question 15

A tsunami is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an earthquake-generated sea wave that can sometimes destroy coastal cities thousands of kilometers from its source 
B)  a sloshing of water back and forth within a lake or bay 
C)  the amount of change in elevation of local sea level caused by a surging wave 
D)  the tendency of wet, clay-rich soils to behave like a liquid during an earthquake 
A)  an earthquake-generated sea wave that can sometimes destroy coastal cities thousands of kilometers from its source 
B)  a sloshing of water back and forth within a lake or bay 
C)  the amount of change in elevation of local sea level caused by a surging wave 
D)  the tendency of wet, clay-rich soils to behave like a liquid during an earthquake

Question 16

If you heard on the news today that an earthquake measured an 8.2 on the Richter scale,what other conclusions could you make based on knowledge garnered from this chapter?

Accepted Answer

A)  that this was the only type of earthquake magnitude scale used 
B)  that there will be "moderate to serious damage" based on a subjective assessment of damage and effects 
C)  that, according to the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale, maximum intensity will be at levels IX to X 
D)  that the earthquake will be described as "great" 
A)  that this was the only type of earthquake magnitude scale used 
B)  that there will be "moderate to serious damage" based on a subjective assessment of damage and effects 
C)  that, according to the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale, maximum intensity will be at levels IX to X 
D)  that the earthquake will be described as "great"

Question 17

Which earthquake intensity scale assesses the effects of an earthquake on humans and human-made structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Richter scale 
B)  Mercalli scale 
C)  seismic-moment magnitude scale 
A)  Richter scale 
B)  Mercalli scale 
C)  seismic-moment magnitude scale

Question 18

How many seismic stations are necessary to find the epicenter of an earthquake?

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four

Question 19

If,during an earthquake,a footwall slides upward relative to a hanging wall,the fault is termed ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  normal 
B)  reverse 
C)  strike slip 
D)  thrust 
A)  normal 
B)  reverse 
C)  strike slip 
D)  thrust

Question 20

Which earthquake severity scale takes vibration caused only by the S-waves into account when estimating the size of an earthquake?

Accepted Answer

A)  Richter scale 
B)  Mercalli scale 
C)  seismic-moment magnitude scale 
A)  Richter scale 
B)  Mercalli scale 
C)  seismic-moment magnitude scale

Exam 8: A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Earthquakes that occur in a band called a ____________ can be used to track the motion of subducted oceanic lithosphere.

Which earthquake severity scale measures the amplitude of deflection of a seismograph pen,standardized to an idealized distance of 100 km between epicenter and seismograph?

Earthquakes are likely to occur along ____________.

As a seismologist examining a seismogram,you would know that the third set of waves displayed ____________.

At any point along the fault plane surface of an oblique (nonvertical)fault,the ____________.

On December 26,2004,a magnitude 9 earthquake generated a tsunami that devastated coastlines along the ____________.

Medium- and deep-focus earthquakes occur along ____________.

In order for an earthquake to occur where you live,which of the following must be true?

This fundamental principle of physics is the basis behind the effectiveness of a seismometer.

A surface along which rock on opposed sides is offset by earthquake-induced slip is called a ____________.

Faulting and earthquakes are examples of ____________.

Vertical motion seismographs record earthquakes through the production of a squiggly diagram called a ____________.

Virtually all of the deaths attributed to major earthquakes have resulted from the collapse of buildings.

Earthquakes are a result of ____________.

A tsunami is ____________.

If you heard on the news today that an earthquake measured an 8.2 on the Richter scale,what other conclusions could you make based on knowledge garnered from this chapter?

Which earthquake intensity scale assesses the effects of an earthquake on humans and human-made structures?

How many seismic stations are necessary to find the epicenter of an earthquake?

If,during an earthquake,a footwall slides upward relative to a hanging wall,the fault is termed ____________.

Which earthquake severity scale takes vibration caused only by the S-waves into account when estimating the size of an earthquake?

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

Crags, cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Rock Groups

A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

The Rock Cycle

The Earths Interior Revisited: Insights From Geophysics

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

An Introduction to Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

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