Question 1

Animals that help other animals of the same species

Accepted Answer

A) have excess energy reserves. 
B) are bigger and stronger than the other animals. 
C) are usually related to the other animals. 
D) are always male. 
E) have defective genes controlling their behaviour. 
A) have excess energy reserves. 
B) are bigger and stronger than the other animals. 
C) are usually related to the other animals. 
D) are always male. 
E) have defective genes controlling their behaviour.

Question 2

Which of the following is not a display of altrustic behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) Richardson's ground squirrel emitting an alarm call to unaware neighbours 
B) worker honeybee stinging an intruder and subsequently dying 
C) non-reproductive naked mole rat protecting the queen from predation 
D) vervet monkey alarm calling when spotting an eagle 
E) green lacewing producing a hybrid courtship song 
A) Richardson's ground squirrel emitting an alarm call to unaware neighbours 
B) worker honeybee stinging an intruder and subsequently dying 
C) non-reproductive naked mole rat protecting the queen from predation 
D) vervet monkey alarm calling when spotting an eagle 
E) green lacewing producing a hybrid courtship song

Question 3

The evolution of mating systems is most likely affected by

Accepted Answer

A) population density. 
B) territoriality. 
C) certainty of paternity. 
D) sexual dimorphism. 
E) None of the options is correct. 
A) population density. 
B) territoriality. 
C) certainty of paternity. 
D) sexual dimorphism. 
E) None of the options is correct.

Question 4

What is the normal imprinting stimulus to a hatchling graylag goose?

Accepted Answer

A) an image of a model of an adult graylag goose 
B) a nearby object that is moving away 
C) recognition of its biological mother 
D) any other adult of its own species 
E) any human 
A) an image of a model of an adult graylag goose 
B) a nearby object that is moving away 
C) recognition of its biological mother 
D) any other adult of its own species 
E) any human

Question 5

Karl von Frisch demonstrated that European honeybees communicate the location of a distant food source by

Accepted Answer

A) performing a short, straight run during a waggle dance. 
B) performing a long, straight run during a waggle dance. 
C) performing a round dance with fast rotations. 
D) emanating minute amounts of stimulus pheromone. 
E) varying wing vibration frequency. 
A) performing a short, straight run during a waggle dance. 
B) performing a long, straight run during a waggle dance. 
C) performing a round dance with fast rotations. 
D) emanating minute amounts of stimulus pheromone. 
E) varying wing vibration frequency.

Question 6

Scientists have tried raising endangered whooping cranes in captivity by using sandhill cranes as foster parents. This strategy is no longer used because

Accepted Answer

A) fostered whooping crane chicks did not develop the necessary cues for migration. 
B) the fostered whooping cranes' critical period was variable such that different chicks imprinted on different "mothers." 
C) sandhill crane parents rejected their fostered whooping crane chicks soon after incubation. 
D) none of the fostered whooping cranes formed a mating pair-bond with another whooping crane. 
E) sandhill crane parents did not properly incubate whooping crane eggs. 
A) fostered whooping crane chicks did not develop the necessary cues for migration. 
B) the fostered whooping cranes' critical period was variable such that different chicks imprinted on different "mothers." 
C) sandhill crane parents rejected their fostered whooping crane chicks soon after incubation. 
D) none of the fostered whooping cranes formed a mating pair-bond with another whooping crane. 
E) sandhill crane parents did not properly incubate whooping crane eggs.

Question 7

Displays of nocturnal mammals are usually

Accepted Answer

A) visual and auditory. 
B) tactile and visual. 
C) olfactory and auditory. 
D) visual and olfactory. 
E) tactile and auditory. 
A) visual and auditory. 
B) tactile and visual. 
C) olfactory and auditory. 
D) visual and olfactory. 
E) tactile and auditory.

Question 8

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
Two populations of the highly ornamented white-crested sparrow species are spatially separated by a mountain range. Males from the two populations exhibit differing elaborate courtship displays. When a female appears, the males from the eastern population approach the female while bobbing their heads and spreading their wings, while the western population approaches a female by hopping and flapping their wings. Individuals from each population reared in isolation exhibited the same courtship displays as those in the wild.
-When presented with a model of a female, a male from the eastern population will perform the courtship display to completion, regardless of a eliciting a response from the "female." This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a fixed action pattern. 
B) agonistic behaviour. 
C) territorial behaviour. 
D) social behaviour. 
E) associative learning. 
A) a fixed action pattern. 
B) agonistic behaviour. 
C) territorial behaviour. 
D) social behaviour. 
E) associative learning.

Question 9

Listed below are several examples of types of animal behaviour. Match the letter of the correct term (A-E) to each example in the following questions.
A. operant conditioning
B. agonistic behaviour
C innate behaviour
D. imprinting
E. altruistic behaviour
-Upon observing a golden eagle flying overhead, a sentry prairie dog gives a warning call to other foraging members of the prairie dog community.

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 10

The centralConcept of sociobiology is that

Accepted Answer

A) human behaviour is rigidly predetermined. 
B) the behaviour of an individual cannot be modified. 
C) human behaviour consists mainly of fixed action patterns. 
D) most aspects of our social behaviour have an evolutionary basis. 
E) the social behaviour of humans is homologous to the social behaviour of other social animals. 
A) human behaviour is rigidly predetermined. 
B) the behaviour of an individual cannot be modified. 
C) human behaviour consists mainly of fixed action patterns. 
D) most aspects of our social behaviour have an evolutionary basis. 
E) the social behaviour of humans is homologous to the social behaviour of other social animals.

Question 11

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
Two populations of the highly ornamented white-crested sparrow species are spatially separated by a mountain range. Males from the two populations exhibit differing elaborate courtship displays. When a female appears, the males from the eastern population approach the female while bobbing their heads and spreading their wings, while the western population approaches a female by hopping and flapping their wings. Individuals from each population reared in isolation exhibited the same courtship displays as those in the wild.
-Which of the following is true of innate behaviours?

Accepted Answer

A) Their expression is only weakly influenced by genes. 
B) They occur with or without environmental stimuli. 
C) They are limited to invertebrate animals. 
D) They are expressed in most individuals in a population. 
E) They occur in invertebrates and some vertebrates but not mammals. 
A) Their expression is only weakly influenced by genes. 
B) They occur with or without environmental stimuli. 
C) They are limited to invertebrate animals. 
D) They are expressed in most individuals in a population. 
E) They occur in invertebrates and some vertebrates but not mammals.

Question 12

-In the territorial behaviour of the stickleback fish, the red belly of one male that elicits attack from another male is functioning as

Accepted Answer

A) a pheromone. 
B) a sign stimulus. 
C) a fixed action pattern. 
D) a search image. 
E) an imprint stimulus. 
A) a pheromone. 
B) a sign stimulus. 
C) a fixed action pattern. 
D) a search image. 
E) an imprint stimulus.

Question 13

White-crowned sparrows can only learn the "crystallized" song for their species by

Accepted Answer

A) listening to adult sparrow songs during a sensitive period as a fledgling, followed by a practice period until the juvenile matches its melody to its memorized fledgling song. 
B) listening to the song of its own species during a critical period so that it will imprint to its own species song and not the songs of other songbird species. 
C) practicing as a fledgling until the innate species-specific song becomes perfected. 
D) performing the crystallized song as adults when they become sexually mature, as the song is programmed into the innate behaviour for the species. 
E) observing and practising after receiving social confirmation from other adults at a critical period during their first episode of courtship behaviour. 
A) listening to adult sparrow songs during a sensitive period as a fledgling, followed by a practice period until the juvenile matches its melody to its memorized fledgling song. 
B) listening to the song of its own species during a critical period so that it will imprint to its own species song and not the songs of other songbird species. 
C) practicing as a fledgling until the innate species-specific song becomes perfected. 
D) performing the crystallized song as adults when they become sexually mature, as the song is programmed into the innate behaviour for the species. 
E) observing and practising after receiving social confirmation from other adults at a critical period during their first episode of courtship behaviour.

Question 14

A stickleback fish will attack a fish model as long as the model has red colouring. What animal behaviour idea is manifested by this observation?

Accepted Answer

A) sign stimulus 
B) cognition 
C) imprinting 
D) classical conditioning 
E) operant conditioning 
A) sign stimulus 
B) cognition 
C) imprinting 
D) classical conditioning 
E) operant conditioning

Question 15

A female cat in heat urinates more often and in many places. Male cats congregate near the urine deposits and fight with each other. Which of the following would be an ultimate cause of the male cats' response to the female's urinating behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) The males have learned to recognize the specific odour of the urine of a female in heat. 
B) When the males smelled the odour, various neurons in their brains were stimulated. 
C) Responding to the odour means locating reproductively receptive females. 
D) Male cats' hormones are triggered by the odour released by the female. 
E) The odour serves as a releaser for the instinctive behaviour of the males. 
A) The males have learned to recognize the specific odour of the urine of a female in heat. 
B) When the males smelled the odour, various neurons in their brains were stimulated. 
C) Responding to the odour means locating reproductively receptive females. 
D) Male cats' hormones are triggered by the odour released by the female. 
E) The odour serves as a releaser for the instinctive behaviour of the males.

Question 16

The fru gene in fruit flies

Accepted Answer

A) controls sex-specific development in the fruit fly. 
B) is a master regulatory gene that directs expression of many other genes. 
C) can be genetically manipulated in females so that they will perform male sex behaviours. 
D) programs males for appropriate courtship behaviours. 
E) All of the options are correct. 
A) controls sex-specific development in the fruit fly. 
B) is a master regulatory gene that directs expression of many other genes. 
C) can be genetically manipulated in females so that they will perform male sex behaviours. 
D) programs males for appropriate courtship behaviours. 
E) All of the options are correct.

Question 17

During a field trip, an instructor touched a moth resting on a tree trunk. The moth raised its forewings to reveal large eyespots on its hind wings. The instructor asked why the moth lifted its wings. One student answered that sensory receptors had fired and triggered a neuronal reflex culminating in the contraction of certain muscles. A second student responded that the behaviour might frighten predators. Which statement best describes these explanations?

Accepted Answer

A) The first explanation is correct, but the second is incorrect. 
B) The first explanation refers to proximate causation, whereas the second refers to ultimate causation. 
C) The first explanation is biological, whereas the second is philosophical. 
D) The first explanation is testable as a scientific hypothesis, whereas the second is not. 
E) Both explanations are reasonable and simply represent a difference of opinion. 
A) The first explanation is correct, but the second is incorrect. 
B) The first explanation refers to proximate causation, whereas the second refers to ultimate causation. 
C) The first explanation is biological, whereas the second is philosophical. 
D) The first explanation is testable as a scientific hypothesis, whereas the second is not. 
E) Both explanations are reasonable and simply represent a difference of opinion.

Question 18

The colour of throats of males in a population of side-blotched lizards is determined by

Accepted Answer

A) the frequency of homozygous recessive genotype. 
B) ambient temperature-blue = cold; orange = normal; yellow = hot. 
C) stage of development/maturity. 
D) their receptiveness to mate. 
E) the success of the mating behaviour of each of the throat colour phenotypes. 
A) the frequency of homozygous recessive genotype. 
B) ambient temperature-blue = cold; orange = normal; yellow = hot. 
C) stage of development/maturity. 
D) their receptiveness to mate. 
E) the success of the mating behaviour of each of the throat colour phenotypes.

Question 19

A chemical produced by an animal that serves as a communication to another animal of the same species is called

Accepted Answer

A) a sign stimulus. 
B) an inducer. 
C) a pheromone. 
D) an imprinter. 
E) an agonistic promoter. 
A) a sign stimulus. 
B) an inducer. 
C) a pheromone. 
D) an imprinter. 
E) an agonistic promoter.

Question 20

Every morning at the same time, John went into the den to feed his new tropical fish. After a few weeks, he noticed that the fish swam to the top of the tank when he entered the room. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) cognition. 
B) imprinting. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) operant conditioning. 
E) maturation. 
A) cognition. 
B) imprinting. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) operant conditioning. 
E) maturation.

Exam 51: Animal Behaviour

Animals that help other animals of the same species

Which of the following is not a display of altrustic behaviour?

The evolution of mating systems is most likely affected by

What is the normal imprinting stimulus to a hatchling graylag goose?

Karl von Frisch demonstrated that European honeybees communicate the location of a distant food source by

Scientists have tried raising endangered whooping cranes in captivity by using sandhill cranes as foster parents. This strategy is no longer used because

Displays of nocturnal mammals are usually

The centralConcept of sociobiology is that

-In the territorial behaviour of the stickleback fish, the red belly of one male that elicits attack from another male is functioning as

White-crowned sparrows can only learn the "crystallized" song for their species by

A stickleback fish will attack a fish model as long as the model has red colouring. What animal behaviour idea is manifested by this observation?

A female cat in heat urinates more often and in many places. Male cats congregate near the urine deposits and fight with each other. Which of the following would be an ultimate cause of the male cats' response to the female's urinating behaviour?

The fru gene in fruit flies

The colour of throats of males in a population of side-blotched lizards is determined by

A chemical produced by an animal that serves as a communication to another animal of the same species is called

Every morning at the same time, John went into the den to feed his new tropical fish. After a few weeks, he noticed that the fish swam to the top of the tank when he entered the room. This is an example of

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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