Question 1

Choose the correct match of glial cell type and function.

Accepted Answer

A) astrocytes → metabolize neurotransmitters and modulate synaptic effectiveness 
B) oligodendrocytes → produce the myelin sheaths of myelinated neurons in the peripheral nervous system 
C) microglia → produce the myelin sheaths of myelinated neurons in the central nervous system 
D) radial glia → the source of immunoprotection against pathogens 
E) Schwann cells → provide nutritional support to non-myelinated neurons 
A) astrocytes → metabolize neurotransmitters and modulate synaptic effectiveness 
B) oligodendrocytes → produce the myelin sheaths of myelinated neurons in the peripheral nervous system 
C) microglia → produce the myelin sheaths of myelinated neurons in the central nervous system 
D) radial glia → the source of immunoprotection against pathogens 
E) Schwann cells → provide nutritional support to non-myelinated neurons

Question 2

After suffering a stroke, a patient can see objects anywhere in front of him but pays attention only to objects in his right field of vision. When asked to describe these objects, he has difficulty judging their size and distance. What part of the brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

Accepted Answer

A) the left frontal lobe 
B) the right frontal lobe 
C) the left parietal lobe 
D) the right parietal lobe 
E) the corpus callosum 
A) the left frontal lobe 
B) the right frontal lobe 
C) the left parietal lobe 
D) the right parietal lobe 
E) the corpus callosum

Question 3

The cerebral cortex plays a major role in all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) short-term memory. 
B) long-term memory. 
C) circadian rhythm. 
D) foot-tapping rhythm. 
E) breath holding. 
A) short-term memory. 
B) long-term memory. 
C) circadian rhythm. 
D) foot-tapping rhythm. 
E) breath holding.

Question 4

Central coordination of vertebrate biological rhythms in physiology and behaviour reside in the

Accepted Answer

A) pituitary gland. 
B) hypothalamus. 
C) cerebrum. 
D) cerebellum. 
E) thalamus. 
A) pituitary gland. 
B) hypothalamus. 
C) cerebrum. 
D) cerebellum. 
E) thalamus.

Question 5

An organism that lacks integration centres

Accepted Answer

A) cannot receive stimuli. 
B) will not have a nervous system. 
C) will not be able to interpret stimuli. 
D) can be expected to lack myelinated neurons. 
A) cannot receive stimuli. 
B) will not have a nervous system. 
C) will not be able to interpret stimuli. 
D) can be expected to lack myelinated neurons.

Question 6

Refer to the following illustration of the limbic system to help answer the next few questions.
  
-In the figure, which letter points to the olfactory bulb?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 7

Which of the following structures are correctly paired?

Accepted Answer

A) forebrain and medulla oblongata 
B) forebrain and cerebellum 
C) midbrain and cerebrum 
D) hindbrain and cerebellum 
E) brainstem and anterior pituitary gland 
A) forebrain and medulla oblongata 
B) forebrain and cerebellum 
C) midbrain and cerebrum 
D) hindbrain and cerebellum 
E) brainstem and anterior pituitary gland

Question 8

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
While walking your dog one night, you notice that there are few animals making noise compared to the day. This piques your interest and you decide to perform a literature search. You discover that the 24-hour biological clock is a conserved evolutionary adaptation across many taxa, and is typically synchronized with periods of light and dark, where the animals are alert in the light periods and sleeping during the dark periods. The group of neurons that links the biological clock to environmental cues of light and dark is called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).
-What would happen if the SCN were removed?

Accepted Answer

A) The organism would exhibit severe and erratic mood swings. 
B) The organism would die. 
C) Rhythmicity in behaviours and electrical activity of the brain would be lost. 
D) Decision making would be impaired. 
E) The organism would have a memory defect. 
A) The organism would exhibit severe and erratic mood swings. 
B) The organism would die. 
C) Rhythmicity in behaviours and electrical activity of the brain would be lost. 
D) Decision making would be impaired. 
E) The organism would have a memory defect.

Question 9

Refer to the following illustration of the limbic system to help answer the next few questions.
  
-In the figure, which letter points to the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 10

Which of the following structures or regions is incorrectly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A) limbic system-motor control of speech 
B) medulla oblongata-homeostatic control 
C) cerebellum-coordination of movement and balance 
D) corpus callosum-communication between the left and right cerebral cortices 
E) amygdala-emotional memory 
A) limbic system-motor control of speech 
B) medulla oblongata-homeostatic control 
C) cerebellum-coordination of movement and balance 
D) corpus callosum-communication between the left and right cerebral cortices 
E) amygdala-emotional memory

Question 11

Refer to the following illustration of the limbic system to help answer the next few questions.
  
-In the figure, which letter points to the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 12

Wernicke's area

Accepted Answer

A) is active when speech is heard and comprehended. 
B) is active during the generation of speech. 
C) coordinates the response to olfactory sensation. 
D) is active when you are reading silently. 
E) is found on the left side of the brain. 
A) is active when speech is heard and comprehended. 
B) is active during the generation of speech. 
C) coordinates the response to olfactory sensation. 
D) is active when you are reading silently. 
E) is found on the left side of the brain.

Question 13

The suprachiasmatic nuclei are found in the

Accepted Answer

A) thalamus. 
B) hypothalamus. 
C) epithalamus. 
D) amygdala. 
E) Broca's area. 
A) thalamus. 
B) hypothalamus. 
C) epithalamus. 
D) amygdala. 
E) Broca's area.

Question 14

Our understanding of mental illness has been most advanced by discoveries involving

Accepted Answer

A) the degree of convolutions in the brain's surface. 
B) the evolution of the telencephalon. 
C) the sequence of developmental specialization. 
D) the chemicals involved in brain communications. 
E) the nature of the blood-brain barrier. 
A) the degree of convolutions in the brain's surface. 
B) the evolution of the telencephalon. 
C) the sequence of developmental specialization. 
D) the chemicals involved in brain communications. 
E) the nature of the blood-brain barrier.

Question 15

Learning a new language during adulthood alters activity in the brain's language-processing locations by

Accepted Answer

A) altering synaptic effectiveness in these locations. 
B) increasing the rate of mitosis in these locations. 
C) inhibiting synapses that work in the previously learned language. 
D) causing established neurons to produce different neurotransmitter molecules. 
E) forming electrical synapses between cells. 
A) altering synaptic effectiveness in these locations. 
B) increasing the rate of mitosis in these locations. 
C) inhibiting synapses that work in the previously learned language. 
D) causing established neurons to produce different neurotransmitter molecules. 
E) forming electrical synapses between cells.

Question 16

Bipolar disorder differs from schizophrenia in that

Accepted Answer

A) schizophrenia results in hallucinations. 
B) schizophrenia results in both manic and depressive states. 
C) schizophrenia results in decreased dopamine. 
D) bipolar disorder involves both genes and environment. 
E) bipolar disorder increases biogenic amines. 
A) schizophrenia results in hallucinations. 
B) schizophrenia results in both manic and depressive states. 
C) schizophrenia results in decreased dopamine. 
D) bipolar disorder involves both genes and environment. 
E) bipolar disorder increases biogenic amines.

Question 17

Food and water appetites are under the regulatory influence of the

Accepted Answer

A) cerebrum. 
B) cerebellum. 
C) thalamus. 
D) hypothalamus. 
E) medulla oblongata. 
A) cerebrum. 
B) cerebellum. 
C) thalamus. 
D) hypothalamus. 
E) medulla oblongata.

Question 18

Injury localized to the hypothalamus would most likely disrupt

Accepted Answer

A) short-term memory. 
B) coordination during locomotion. 
C) executive functions, such as decision making. 
D) sorting of sensory information. 
E) regulation of body temperature. 
A) short-term memory. 
B) coordination during locomotion. 
C) executive functions, such as decision making. 
D) sorting of sensory information. 
E) regulation of body temperature.

Question 19

Bottlenose dolphins breathe air but can sleep in the ocean because

Accepted Answer

A) they cease breathing while sleeping and remain underwater. 
B) they sleep for only 30 minutes at a time, which is the maximum interval they can cease breathing. 
C) they fill their swim bladder with air to keep their blowholes above the surface of the water while they sleep. 
D) they move to shallow water to sleep, so they do not need to swim to keep their blowholes above the surface of the water. 
E) they alternate which half of their brains is asleep and which half is awake. 
A) they cease breathing while sleeping and remain underwater. 
B) they sleep for only 30 minutes at a time, which is the maximum interval they can cease breathing. 
C) they fill their swim bladder with air to keep their blowholes above the surface of the water while they sleep. 
D) they move to shallow water to sleep, so they do not need to swim to keep their blowholes above the surface of the water. 
E) they alternate which half of their brains is asleep and which half is awake.

Question 20

In mammals, advanced cognition is usually correlated with a large and very convoluted neocortex, but birds are capable of sophisticated cognition because they have

Accepted Answer

A) a more advanced cerebellum. 
B) a cerebellum with several flat layers. 
C) a pallium with neurons clustered into nuclei. 
D) microvilli to increase the brain's surface area. 
A) a more advanced cerebellum. 
B) a cerebellum with several flat layers. 
C) a pallium with neurons clustered into nuclei. 
D) microvilli to increase the brain's surface area.

Exam 49: Nervous Systems

Choose the correct match of glial cell type and function.

After suffering a stroke, a patient can see objects anywhere in front of him but pays attention only to objects in his right field of vision. When asked to describe these objects, he has difficulty judging their size and distance. What part of the brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

The cerebral cortex plays a major role in all of the following except

Central coordination of vertebrate biological rhythms in physiology and behaviour reside in the

An organism that lacks integration centres

Refer to the following illustration of the limbic system to help answer the next few questions. -In the figure, which letter points to the olfactory bulb?

Which of the following structures are correctly paired?

Refer to the following illustration of the limbic system to help answer the next few questions. -In the figure, which letter points to the hypothalamus?

Which of the following structures or regions is incorrectly paired with its function?

Refer to the following illustration of the limbic system to help answer the next few questions. -In the figure, which letter points to the thalamus?

Wernicke's area

The suprachiasmatic nuclei are found in the

Our understanding of mental illness has been most advanced by discoveries involving

Learning a new language during adulthood alters activity in the brain's language-processing locations by

Bipolar disorder differs from schizophrenia in that

Food and water appetites are under the regulatory influence of the

Injury localized to the hypothalamus would most likely disrupt

Bottlenose dolphins breathe air but can sleep in the ocean because

In mammals, advanced cognition is usually correlated with a large and very convoluted neocortex, but birds are capable of sophisticated cognition because they have

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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