Question 1

After ingestion by humans, the first category of macromolecules to be chemically digested by enzymes in the mouth is

Accepted Answer

A) proteins. 
B) carbohydrates. 
C) cholesterol and other lipids. 
D) nucleic acids. 
E) minerals. 
A) proteins. 
B) carbohydrates. 
C) cholesterol and other lipids. 
D) nucleic acids. 
E) minerals.

Question 2

The molar teeth of herbivorous mammals are especially effective at

Accepted Answer

A) cutting. 
B) ripping. 
C) grinding. 
D) splitting. 
E) piercing. 
A) cutting. 
B) ripping. 
C) grinding. 
D) splitting. 
E) piercing.

Question 3

Among mammals, it is generally true that

Accepted Answer

A) all types of foods begin their enzymatic digestion in the mouth. 
B) after leaving the oral cavity, the bolus enters the larynx. 
C) the epiglottis prevents swallowed food from entering the trachea. 
D) the esophagus is a key source of digestive enzymes. 
E) the trachea leads to the esophagus and then to the stomach. 
A) all types of foods begin their enzymatic digestion in the mouth. 
B) after leaving the oral cavity, the bolus enters the larynx. 
C) the epiglottis prevents swallowed food from entering the trachea. 
D) the esophagus is a key source of digestive enzymes. 
E) the trachea leads to the esophagus and then to the stomach.

Question 4

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Examine the digestive system structures in the figure above. The highest rate of nutrient absorption occurs at location(s)

Accepted Answer

A) 3 only. 
B) 4 only. 
C) 1 and 4. 
D) 3 and 4. 
E) 1, 3, and 4. 
A) 3 only. 
B) 4 only. 
C) 1 and 4. 
D) 3 and 4. 
E) 1, 3, and 4.

Question 5

A hiatal hernia that disrupts the functional relationship between the smooth muscle in the esophagus and that in the stomach would be most likely to increase the frequency of

Accepted Answer

A) gastric reflux. 
B) premature entry of food into the duodenum. 
C) excess secretion of pepsinogen. 
D) increased stomach pH. 
E) retention of food in the stomach. 
A) gastric reflux. 
B) premature entry of food into the duodenum. 
C) excess secretion of pepsinogen. 
D) increased stomach pH. 
E) retention of food in the stomach.

Question 6

A significant contribution of intestinal bacteria to human nutrition is the benefit of bacterial

Accepted Answer

A) production of vitamins A and C. 
B) generation of gases needed for elimination. 
C) absorption of organic materials. 
D) production of vitamin K. 
E) recovery of water from fecal matter. 
A) production of vitamins A and C. 
B) generation of gases needed for elimination. 
C) absorption of organic materials. 
D) production of vitamin K. 
E) recovery of water from fecal matter.

Question 7

The bile salts

Accepted Answer

A) are enzymes. 
B) are manufactured by the pancreas. 
C) emulsify fats in the duodenum. 
D) increase the efficiency of pepsin action. 
E) are normally an ingredient of gastric juice. 
A) are enzymes. 
B) are manufactured by the pancreas. 
C) emulsify fats in the duodenum. 
D) increase the efficiency of pepsin action. 
E) are normally an ingredient of gastric juice.

Question 8

PKU (phenylketonuria)is a hereditary condition in which infants and young children who ingest the amino acid phenylalanine risk serious neurological damage. However, the risk of damage can be substantially reduced by the severe restriction of phenylalanine in the diet. Which of the following is the nutritional concept that forms the basis for this preventive treatment?

Accepted Answer

A) enzymatic hydrolysis 
B) essential nutrients 
C) symbiosis 
D) dehydration synthesis 
E) structural anatomy of the brain 
A) enzymatic hydrolysis 
B) essential nutrients 
C) symbiosis 
D) dehydration synthesis 
E) structural anatomy of the brain

Question 9

Analysis of jawbones from the skeletal remains of a vertebrate animal reveal its dietary patterns owing to

Accepted Answer

A) the position of muscle attachment sites. 
B) the prevalence of specific kinds of teeth. 
C) the size of the mouth opening. 
D) the evidence of food molecules still present. 
E) whether the mouth is the most anterior structure. 
A) the position of muscle attachment sites. 
B) the prevalence of specific kinds of teeth. 
C) the size of the mouth opening. 
D) the evidence of food molecules still present. 
E) whether the mouth is the most anterior structure.

Question 10

The large surface area in the gut directly facilitates

Accepted Answer

A) secretion. 
B) absorption. 
C) elimination. 
D) filtration. 
E) temperature regulation. 
A) secretion. 
B) absorption. 
C) elimination. 
D) filtration. 
E) temperature regulation.

Question 11

Certain nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of some animals because

Accepted Answer

A) only those animals use those nutrients. 
B) the nutrients are subunits of important polymers. 
C) these animals are not able to synthesize these nutrients. 
D) the nutrients are necessary coenzymes. 
E) only certain foods contain them. 
A) only those animals use those nutrients. 
B) the nutrients are subunits of important polymers. 
C) these animals are not able to synthesize these nutrients. 
D) the nutrients are necessary coenzymes. 
E) only certain foods contain them.

Question 12

Cattle are able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material because

Accepted Answer

A) they are autotrophic. 
B) cattle, like rabbits, re-ingest their feces. 
C) they manufacture all 15 amino acids out of sugars in the liver. 
D) cattle saliva has enzymes capable of digesting cellulose. 
E) they have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachs. 
A) they are autotrophic. 
B) cattle, like rabbits, re-ingest their feces. 
C) they manufacture all 15 amino acids out of sugars in the liver. 
D) cattle saliva has enzymes capable of digesting cellulose. 
E) they have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachs.

Question 13

An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system

Accepted Answer

A) excludes the need for extracellular digestion. 
B) allows specialized functions in specialized regions. 
C) allows digestive enzymes to be more specific. 
D) allows extensive branching. 
E) facilitates intracellular digestion. 
A) excludes the need for extracellular digestion. 
B) allows specialized functions in specialized regions. 
C) allows digestive enzymes to be more specific. 
D) allows extensive branching. 
E) facilitates intracellular digestion.

Question 14

Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A) stomach-protein digestion 
B) oral cavity-starch digestion 
C) large intestine-bile production 
D) small intestine-nutrient absorption 
E) pancreas-enzyme production 
A) stomach-protein digestion 
B) oral cavity-starch digestion 
C) large intestine-bile production 
D) small intestine-nutrient absorption 
E) pancreas-enzyme production

Question 15

A fasting animal whose energy needs exceed those provided in its diet draws on its stored resources in which order?

Accepted Answer

A) fat, then glycogen, then protein 
B) glycogen, then protein, then fat 
C) liver glycogen, then muscle glycogen, then fat 
D) muscle glycogen, then fat, then liver glycogen 
E) fat, then protein, then glycogen 
A) fat, then glycogen, then protein 
B) glycogen, then protein, then fat 
C) liver glycogen, then muscle glycogen, then fat 
D) muscle glycogen, then fat, then liver glycogen 
E) fat, then protein, then glycogen

Question 16

When the digestion and absorption of organic molecules results in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by an animal, the excess is

Accepted Answer

A) eliminated in the feces. 
B) stored as starch in the liver. 
C) stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. 
D) oxidized and converted to ATP. 
E) hydrolyzed and converted to ADP. 
A) eliminated in the feces. 
B) stored as starch in the liver. 
C) stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. 
D) oxidized and converted to ATP. 
E) hydrolyzed and converted to ADP.

Question 17

Earthworms, grasshoppers, and birds all have a

Accepted Answer

A) gastric cecae. 
B) larynx. 
C) crop. 
D) pharynx. 
E) epiglottis. 
A) gastric cecae. 
B) larynx. 
C) crop. 
D) pharynx. 
E) epiglottis.

Question 18

When attached to a host, the deer tick (Ixodes scapularis)uses which type of feeding mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) suspension feeder 
B) fluid feeder 
C) substrate feeder 
D) bulk feeder 
E) filter feeder 
A) suspension feeder 
B) fluid feeder 
C) substrate feeder 
D) bulk feeder 
E) filter feeder

Question 19

Animals that migrate great distances would obtain the greatest energetic benefit of storing chemical energy as

Accepted Answer

A) proteins. 
B) minerals. 
C) carbohydrates. 
D) amino acids. 
E) fats. 
A) proteins. 
B) minerals. 
C) carbohydrates. 
D) amino acids. 
E) fats.

Question 20

Salivary amylase digests

Accepted Answer

A) protein. 
B) starches. 
C) monosaccharides. 
D) glucose. 
E) maltose. 
A) protein. 
B) starches. 
C) monosaccharides. 
D) glucose. 
E) maltose.

Exam 41: Animal Nutrition

After ingestion by humans, the first category of macromolecules to be chemically digested by enzymes in the mouth is

The molar teeth of herbivorous mammals are especially effective at

Among mammals, it is generally true that

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Examine the digestive system structures in the figure above. The highest rate of nutrient absorption occurs at location(s)

A hiatal hernia that disrupts the functional relationship between the smooth muscle in the esophagus and that in the stomach would be most likely to increase the frequency of

A significant contribution of intestinal bacteria to human nutrition is the benefit of bacterial

The bile salts

Analysis of jawbones from the skeletal remains of a vertebrate animal reveal its dietary patterns owing to

The large surface area in the gut directly facilitates

Certain nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of some animals because

Cattle are able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material because

An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system

Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function?

A fasting animal whose energy needs exceed those provided in its diet draws on its stored resources in which order?

When the digestion and absorption of organic molecules results in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by an animal, the excess is

Earthworms, grasshoppers, and birds all have a

When attached to a host, the deer tick (Ixodes scapularis)uses which type of feeding mechanism?

Animals that migrate great distances would obtain the greatest energetic benefit of storing chemical energy as

Salivary amylase digests

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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