Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of protoplast fusion?

Accepted Answer

A) It occurs when the second sperm nucleus fuses with the polar nuclei in the embryo sac. 
B) It can be used to form new plant varieties by combining genomes from two plants. 
C) It is used to develop gene banks to preserve genetic variability. 
D) It is the method of test-tube cloning that produces whole plants from callus. 
E) It occurs within a callus that is developing in tissue culture. 
A) It occurs when the second sperm nucleus fuses with the polar nuclei in the embryo sac. 
B) It can be used to form new plant varieties by combining genomes from two plants. 
C) It is used to develop gene banks to preserve genetic variability. 
D) It is the method of test-tube cloning that produces whole plants from callus. 
E) It occurs within a callus that is developing in tissue culture.

Question 2

Which statement concerning grafting is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Stocks and scions refer to twigs of different species. 
B) Stocks come from vines, but scions come from trees. 
C) Stocks provide root systems for grafting. 
D) Grafting creates new species. 
E) Stocks and scions must come from unrelated species. 
A) Stocks and scions refer to twigs of different species. 
B) Stocks come from vines, but scions come from trees. 
C) Stocks provide root systems for grafting. 
D) Grafting creates new species. 
E) Stocks and scions must come from unrelated species.

Question 3

A flowering plant with a deleterious mutation in microsporogenesis would most likely

Accepted Answer

A) fail to produce sepals. 
B) fail to produce petals. 
C) fail to produce anthers. 
D) fail to produce pollen. 
E) fail to produce ovules. 
A) fail to produce sepals. 
B) fail to produce petals. 
C) fail to produce anthers. 
D) fail to produce pollen. 
E) fail to produce ovules.

Question 4

As a flower develops, which transition is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A) The microspores become pollen grains. 
B) The ovule becomes a fruit. 
C) The petals are retained. 
D) The vegetative nucleus becomes a sperm nucleus. 
E) The ovules become ovaries. 
A) The microspores become pollen grains. 
B) The ovule becomes a fruit. 
C) The petals are retained. 
D) The vegetative nucleus becomes a sperm nucleus. 
E) The ovules become ovaries.

Question 5

A transgenic plant is one that

Accepted Answer

A) contains a graft from another individual of the same species. 
B) contains genes from another species. 
C) has had genes from another individual of the same species inserted into its genome. 
D) has been selected to withstand severe environmental stresses. 
E) has had certain traits modified by artificial selection for many generations. 
A) contains a graft from another individual of the same species. 
B) contains genes from another species. 
C) has had genes from another individual of the same species inserted into its genome. 
D) has been selected to withstand severe environmental stresses. 
E) has had certain traits modified by artificial selection for many generations.

Question 6

Which of the following statements reflects a disadvantage of using biofuels?

Accepted Answer

A) Land used to grow crops for biofuels cannot be used to grow crops for human consumption. 
B) Biofuel would potentially reduce carbon dioxide emissions. 
C) Biofuels create a carbon-neutral cycle. 
D) Use of biofuels may slow down global warming. 
E) There are no disadvantages. 
A) Land used to grow crops for biofuels cannot be used to grow crops for human consumption. 
B) Biofuel would potentially reduce carbon dioxide emissions. 
C) Biofuels create a carbon-neutral cycle. 
D) Use of biofuels may slow down global warming. 
E) There are no disadvantages.

Question 7

The structure of a mature functional fruit always includes

Accepted Answer

A) one or more seeds. 
B) extensive vascular connections to the parent plant. 
C) fleshy cells rich in sugars. 
D) brightly coloured pigments to attract animal dispersers. 
E) subtending bracts to protect against predators. 
A) one or more seeds. 
B) extensive vascular connections to the parent plant. 
C) fleshy cells rich in sugars. 
D) brightly coloured pigments to attract animal dispersers. 
E) subtending bracts to protect against predators.

Question 8

A small flower with green petals is most likely

Accepted Answer

A) bee-pollinated. 
B) bird-pollinated. 
C) bat-pollinated. 
D) wind-pollinated. 
E) moth-pollinated. 
A) bee-pollinated. 
B) bird-pollinated. 
C) bat-pollinated. 
D) wind-pollinated. 
E) moth-pollinated.

Question 9

Biofuels are mainly produced by

Accepted Answer

A) the breakdown of cell wall biopolymers into sugars that can be fermented. 
B) plants that convert hemicellulose into gasoline. 
C) the genetic engineering of ethanol-generating genes into plants. 
D) transgenic crops that have cell walls containing ethylene. 
E) plants that are easy to grow in arid environments. 
A) the breakdown of cell wall biopolymers into sugars that can be fermented. 
B) plants that convert hemicellulose into gasoline. 
C) the genetic engineering of ethanol-generating genes into plants. 
D) transgenic crops that have cell walls containing ethylene. 
E) plants that are easy to grow in arid environments.

Question 10

Which of the following is a potential advantage of introducing apomixis into hybrid crop species?

Accepted Answer

A) Cultivars would be better able to cope with a rapidly changing environment. 
B) They would have a larger potential genome than inbred crops. 
C) All of the desirable traits of the cultivar would be passed on to offspring. 
D) They would benefit from positive mutations in their DNA. 
E) It would be easier to introduce novel genes. 
A) Cultivars would be better able to cope with a rapidly changing environment. 
B) They would have a larger potential genome than inbred crops. 
C) All of the desirable traits of the cultivar would be passed on to offspring. 
D) They would benefit from positive mutations in their DNA. 
E) It would be easier to introduce novel genes.

Question 11

Which of the following statements argues for an advantage for flowering plants to maintain an extended gametophyte generation?

Accepted Answer

A) The protection of female gametophytes within ovules keeps them from drying out. 
B) Sperm with flagella can reach the egg faster. 
C) It provides sufficient time for the integument to develop into a seed coat. 
D) It allows for a complex nucleus to develop. 
E) It allows more time for potential pollination. 
A) The protection of female gametophytes within ovules keeps them from drying out. 
B) Sperm with flagella can reach the egg faster. 
C) It provides sufficient time for the integument to develop into a seed coat. 
D) It allows for a complex nucleus to develop. 
E) It allows more time for potential pollination.

Question 12

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Millions of people suffer from hunger and malnutrition. With artificial selection, farmers have improved the yields of many agricultural crops. More recently, plant biotechnology/genetic engineering has been suggested as a means to further improve crops and combat hunger.
-Plant biotechnology, like all technologies, has benefits and risks. Thinking back on what you know about evolution and ecology, you know there are several serious environmental concerns with respect to transgenic crops. Which of the following is not an environmental concern of transgenic crops?

Accepted Answer

A) Genetically modified crops can be engineered to produce higher yields. 
B) Herbicide-resistant crops can be sprayed as often as desired. 
C) Genetically modified crops that produce their own insecticide may potentially harm non-target organisms. 
D) Insects show resistance to Bt toxin. 
E) Genetically modified crops may produce hybridize with wild relatives. 
A) Genetically modified crops can be engineered to produce higher yields. 
B) Herbicide-resistant crops can be sprayed as often as desired. 
C) Genetically modified crops that produce their own insecticide may potentially harm non-target organisms. 
D) Insects show resistance to Bt toxin. 
E) Genetically modified crops may produce hybridize with wild relatives.

Question 13

The primary function of the integument of an ovule is to

Accepted Answer

A) protect against animal predation. 
B) ensure double fertilization. 
C) form a seed coat. 
D) direct development of the endosperm. 
E) produce hormones that ensure successful pollination. 
A) protect against animal predation. 
B) ensure double fertilization. 
C) form a seed coat. 
D) direct development of the endosperm. 
E) produce hormones that ensure successful pollination.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in a pollen sac?

Accepted Answer

A) sporangia → meiosis → two haploid cells → meiosis → two pollen grains per cell 
B) pollen grain → meiosis → two generative cells → two tube cells per pollen grain 
C) two haploid cells → meiosis → generative cell → tube cell-fertilization → pollen grain 
D) pollen grain → mitosis → microspores → meiosis → generative cell plus tube cell 
E) microsporocyte → meiosis → microspores → mitosis → two haploid cells per pollen grain 
A) sporangia → meiosis → two haploid cells → meiosis → two pollen grains per cell 
B) pollen grain → meiosis → two generative cells → two tube cells per pollen grain 
C) two haploid cells → meiosis → generative cell → tube cell-fertilization → pollen grain 
D) pollen grain → mitosis → microspores → meiosis → generative cell plus tube cell 
E) microsporocyte → meiosis → microspores → mitosis → two haploid cells per pollen grain

Exam 38: Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Which of the following statements is true of protoplast fusion?

Which statement concerning grafting is correct?

A flowering plant with a deleterious mutation in microsporogenesis would most likely

As a flower develops, which transition is most likely to occur?

A transgenic plant is one that

Which of the following statements reflects a disadvantage of using biofuels?

The structure of a mature functional fruit always includes

A small flower with green petals is most likely

Biofuels are mainly produced by

Which of the following is a potential advantage of introducing apomixis into hybrid crop species?

Which of the following statements argues for an advantage for flowering plants to maintain an extended gametophyte generation?

The primary function of the integument of an ovule is to

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in a pollen sac?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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