Question 1

Active transport involves all of the following except the

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion of solute through the lipid bilayer of a membrane. 
B) pumping of solutes across the membrane. 
C) hydrolysis of ATP. 
D) transport of solute against a concentration gradient. 
E) specific transport protein in the membrane. 
A) diffusion of solute through the lipid bilayer of a membrane. 
B) pumping of solutes across the membrane. 
C) hydrolysis of ATP. 
D) transport of solute against a concentration gradient. 
E) specific transport protein in the membrane.

Question 2

An open beaker of pure water has a water potential (Ψ)of [Ψ ψ]

Accepted Answer

A) -0.23 MPa. 
B) +0.23 MPa. 
C) +0.07 MPa. 
D) -0.0000001 MPa. 
E) 0.0 (zero). 
A) -0.23 MPa. 
B) +0.23 MPa. 
C) +0.07 MPa. 
D) -0.0000001 MPa. 
E) 0.0 (zero).

Question 3

Most angiosperms have alternate phyllotaxy. What allows each leaf to get the maximum exposure to light and reduces shading of lower leaves?

Accepted Answer

A) a leaf area index above 8 
B) self-pruning 
C) one leaf only per node 
D) leaf emergence at an angle of 137.5°F from the site of previous leaves 
E) a leaf area index above 8 and leaf emergence at an angle of 137.5°F from the site of previous leaves 
A) a leaf area index above 8 
B) self-pruning 
C) one leaf only per node 
D) leaf emergence at an angle of 137.5°F from the site of previous leaves 
E) a leaf area index above 8 and leaf emergence at an angle of 137.5°F from the site of previous leaves

Question 4

What is the driving force for the movement of solutes in the phloem of plants?

Accepted Answer

A) gravity 
B) a difference in water potential (Ψ)between the source and the sink 
C) root pressure 
D) transpiration of water through the stomata 
E) adhesion of water to phloem sieve tubes 
A) gravity 
B) a difference in water potential (Ψ)between the source and the sink 
C) root pressure 
D) transpiration of water through the stomata 
E) adhesion of water to phloem sieve tubes

Question 5

Assume that a particular chemical interferes with the establishment and maintenance of proton gradients across the membranes of plant cells. All of the following processes would be directly affected by this chemical except

Accepted Answer

A) photosynthesis. 
B) phloem loading. 
C) xylem transport. 
D) cellular respiration. 
E) stomatal opening. 
A) photosynthesis. 
B) phloem loading. 
C) xylem transport. 
D) cellular respiration. 
E) stomatal opening.

Question 6

Active transport would be least important in the normal functioning of which of the following plant tissue types?

Accepted Answer

A) leaf transfer cells 
B) stem tracheary elements 
C) root endodermal cells 
D) leaf mesophyll cells 
E) root sieve-tube elements 
A) leaf transfer cells 
B) stem tracheary elements 
C) root endodermal cells 
D) leaf mesophyll cells 
E) root sieve-tube elements

Question 7

If the guard cells and surrounding epidermal cells in a plant are deficient in potassium ions, all of the following would occur except

Accepted Answer

A) photosynthesis would decrease. 
B) roots would take up less water. 
C) phloem transport rates would decrease. 
D) leaf temperatures would decrease. 
E) stomata would be closed. 
A) photosynthesis would decrease. 
B) roots would take up less water. 
C) phloem transport rates would decrease. 
D) leaf temperatures would decrease. 
E) stomata would be closed.

Question 8

Which of the following would be least likely to affect osmosis in plants?

Accepted Answer

A) proton pumps in the membrane 
B) a difference in solute concentrations 
C) receptor proteins in the membrane 
D) aquaporins 
E) a difference in water potential 
A) proton pumps in the membrane 
B) a difference in solute concentrations 
C) receptor proteins in the membrane 
D) aquaporins 
E) a difference in water potential

Question 9

Stomata open when

Accepted Answer

A) potassium ions exit the guard cells and water enters by osmosis. 
B) potassium ions accumulate in the guard cells and water enters by osmosis. 
C) protons are actively transported into the guard cells. 
D) carbon dioxide concentrations build up in the leaves. 
E) Two of the above statements are correct. 
A) potassium ions exit the guard cells and water enters by osmosis. 
B) potassium ions accumulate in the guard cells and water enters by osmosis. 
C) protons are actively transported into the guard cells. 
D) carbon dioxide concentrations build up in the leaves. 
E) Two of the above statements are correct.

Question 10

Water flows into the source end of a sieve tube because

Accepted Answer

A) sucrose has diffused into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic. 
B) sucrose has been actively transported into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic. 
C) water pressure outside the sieve tube forces in water. 
D) the companion cell of a sieve tube actively pumps in water. 
E) sucrose has been transported out of the sieve tube by active transport. 
A) sucrose has diffused into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic. 
B) sucrose has been actively transported into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic. 
C) water pressure outside the sieve tube forces in water. 
D) the companion cell of a sieve tube actively pumps in water. 
E) sucrose has been transported out of the sieve tube by active transport.

Question 11

One is most likely to see guttation in small plants when the

Accepted Answer

A) transpiration rates are high. 
B) root pressure exceeds transpiration pull. 
C) preceding evening was hot, windy, and dry. 
D) water potential in the stele of the root is high. 
E) roots are not absorbing minerals from the soil. 
A) transpiration rates are high. 
B) root pressure exceeds transpiration pull. 
C) preceding evening was hot, windy, and dry. 
D) water potential in the stele of the root is high. 
E) roots are not absorbing minerals from the soil.

Question 12

Some botanists argue that the entire plant should be considered as a single unit rather than a composite of many individual cells. Which of the following cellular structures cannot be used to support this view?

Accepted Answer

A) cell wall 
B) cell membrane 
C) cytosol 
D) tonoplast 
E) symplast 
A) cell wall 
B) cell membrane 
C) cytosol 
D) tonoplast 
E) symplast

Question 13

What is the role of proton pumps in root hair cells?

Accepted Answer

A) establish ATP gradients 
B) maintain the H⁺ gradient 
C) pressurize xylem transport 
D) eliminate excess electrons 
E) assist in active uptake of water molecules 
A) establish ATP gradients 
B) maintain the H⁺ gradient 
C) pressurize xylem transport 
D) eliminate excess electrons 
E) assist in active uptake of water molecules

Question 14

Which structure or compartment is part of the symplast?

Accepted Answer

A) the interior of a vessel element 
B) the interior of a sieve tube 
C) the cell wall of a mesophyll cell 
D) an extracellular air space 
E) the cell wall of a root hair 
A) the interior of a vessel element 
B) the interior of a sieve tube 
C) the cell wall of a mesophyll cell 
D) an extracellular air space 
E) the cell wall of a root hair

Question 15

Which of the following is not an important component of the long-distance transport process in plants?

Accepted Answer

A) the cohesion of water molecules 
B) a negative water potential 
C) the root parenchyma 
D) the active transport of solutes 
E) bulk flow from source to sink 
A) the cohesion of water molecules 
B) a negative water potential 
C) the root parenchyma 
D) the active transport of solutes 
E) bulk flow from source to sink

Question 16

Which of the following statements about xylem is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) It conducts material from root tips to leaves. 
B) The conducting cells are part of the apoplast. 
C) It transports mainly sugars and amino acids. 
D) It typically has a lower water potential than is found in soil. 
E) No energy input is required for transport. 
A) It conducts material from root tips to leaves. 
B) The conducting cells are part of the apoplast. 
C) It transports mainly sugars and amino acids. 
D) It typically has a lower water potential than is found in soil. 
E) No energy input is required for transport.

Question 17

The opening of stomata is thought to involve

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in the solute concentration of the guard cells. 
B) a decrease in the solute concentration of the stoma. 
C) active transport of water out of the guard cells. 
D) decreased turgor pressure in guard cells. 
E) movement of K⁺ from the guard cells. 
A) an increase in the solute concentration of the guard cells. 
B) a decrease in the solute concentration of the stoma. 
C) active transport of water out of the guard cells. 
D) decreased turgor pressure in guard cells. 
E) movement of K⁺ from the guard cells.

Question 18

Plant diversity is very high in the tropics, but plants are found in the many different biomes and show specific adaptations to cold, hot, wet, and dry environments. You are working in a greenhouse and have just received a large shipment of desert plants. Which feature/characteristic would you not find in your desert plants?

Accepted Answer

A) small leaves 
B) fleshy green stems 
C) leaves covered by a thick cuticle 
D) stomata concentrated on the upper surface of leaves 
E) reflective and hairy leaves 
A) small leaves 
B) fleshy green stems 
C) leaves covered by a thick cuticle 
D) stomata concentrated on the upper surface of leaves 
E) reflective and hairy leaves

Question 19

Which structure or compartment is not part of the plant's apoplast?

Accepted Answer

A) the lumen of a xylem vessel 
B) the lumen of a sieve tube 
C) the cell wall of a mesophyll cell 
D) the cell wall of a transfer cell 
E) the cell wall of a root hair 
A) the lumen of a xylem vessel 
B) the lumen of a sieve tube 
C) the cell wall of a mesophyll cell 
D) the cell wall of a transfer cell 
E) the cell wall of a root hair

Question 20

Xylem vessels, found in angiosperms, have a much greater internal diameter than tracheids, the only xylem-conducting cells found in gymnosperms. The tallest living trees, redwoods, are gymnosperms. Which of the following is an advantage of tracheids over vessels for long-distance transport to great heights?

Accepted Answer

A) Adhesive forces are proportionally greater in narrower cylinders than in wider cylinders. 
B) The smaller the diameter of the xylem, the more likely cavitation will occur. 
C) Cohesive forces are greater in narrow tubes than in wide tubes of the same height. 
D) Adhesive forces are proportionally greater in narrower cylinders than in wider cylinders, and cohesive forces are greater in narrow tubes than in wide tubes of the same height. 
E) Adhesive forces are proportionally greater in narrower cylinders than in wider cylinders, and the smaller the diameter of the xylem, the more likely cavitation will occur. 
A) Adhesive forces are proportionally greater in narrower cylinders than in wider cylinders. 
B) The smaller the diameter of the xylem, the more likely cavitation will occur. 
C) Cohesive forces are greater in narrow tubes than in wide tubes of the same height. 
D) Adhesive forces are proportionally greater in narrower cylinders than in wider cylinders, and cohesive forces are greater in narrow tubes than in wide tubes of the same height. 
E) Adhesive forces are proportionally greater in narrower cylinders than in wider cylinders, and the smaller the diameter of the xylem, the more likely cavitation will occur.

Exam 36: Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Active transport involves all of the following except the

An open beaker of pure water has a water potential (Ψ)of [Ψ ψ]

Most angiosperms have alternate phyllotaxy. What allows each leaf to get the maximum exposure to light and reduces shading of lower leaves?

What is the driving force for the movement of solutes in the phloem of plants?

Assume that a particular chemical interferes with the establishment and maintenance of proton gradients across the membranes of plant cells. All of the following processes would be directly affected by this chemical except

Active transport would be least important in the normal functioning of which of the following plant tissue types?

If the guard cells and surrounding epidermal cells in a plant are deficient in potassium ions, all of the following would occur except

Which of the following would be least likely to affect osmosis in plants?

Stomata open when

Water flows into the source end of a sieve tube because

One is most likely to see guttation in small plants when the

Some botanists argue that the entire plant should be considered as a single unit rather than a composite of many individual cells. Which of the following cellular structures cannot be used to support this view?

What is the role of proton pumps in root hair cells?

Which structure or compartment is part of the symplast?

Which of the following is not an important component of the long-distance transport process in plants?

Which of the following statements about xylem is incorrect?

The opening of stomata is thought to involve

Which structure or compartment is not part of the plant's apoplast?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters