Question 1

Which of the following best represents the three reasons why managers may hang on to a losing course of action or escalate their commitment?

Accepted Answer

A) internal locus of control, cognitive dissonance, and overly optimistic 
B) cognitive dissonance, overly optimistic, and illusion of control 
C) external locus of control, overly optimistic, and cognitive dissonance 
D) internal locus of control, cognitive dissonance, and illusion of control 
A) internal locus of control, cognitive dissonance, and overly optimistic 
B) cognitive dissonance, overly optimistic, and illusion of control 
C) external locus of control, overly optimistic, and cognitive dissonance 
D) internal locus of control, cognitive dissonance, and illusion of control

Question 2

Imagine a group of three people (Tom, Joe, and Beth) want to form a two-person team. They can create three different teams: Tom and Joe, Tom and Beth, or Joe and Beth. There are three different two-person teams. Now imagine you have ten people who want to form two-person teams and ten people who want to form eight person teams. You need to determine if there are more two-persons teams possible or more eight person teams possible.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) Availability heuristic 
B) Recency heuristic 
C) Representative generation 
D) Gamblers fallacy 
A) Availability heuristic 
B) Recency heuristic 
C) Representative generation 
D) Gamblers fallacy

Question 3

An organizational influence that may encourage creativity but may also bring about lower levels of creativity is/involves:

Accepted Answer

A) supportive supervision 
B) participative decision making 
C) linking monetary rewards to creativity 
D) open and flexible structural arrangements 
A) supportive supervision 
B) participative decision making 
C) linking monetary rewards to creativity 
D) open and flexible structural arrangements

Question 4

Group polarization results in:

Accepted Answer

A) group members moving from extreme attitudes toward more moderate attitudes 
B) group members driving decisions toward consensus 
C) the tendency for group discussion to produce shifts toward more extreme attitudes among members 
D) the tendency for group members who were initially more cautious to become significantly less cautious 
A) group members moving from extreme attitudes toward more moderate attitudes 
B) group members driving decisions toward consensus 
C) the tendency for group discussion to produce shifts toward more extreme attitudes among members 
D) the tendency for group members who were initially more cautious to become significantly less cautious

Question 5

In groups, participants engage in discussions that can make them lose their focus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

All of the following are characteristics of a nonprogrammed decision situation except:

Accepted Answer

A) complex 
B) multivariate 
C) unstructured 
D) new 
A) complex 
B) multivariate 
C) unstructured 
D) new

Question 7

Match the following:
-Effective Decision

Accepted Answer

A) A relatively simple problem that can be solved with a standard rule. 
B) Logical, systematic problem solving. 
C) A solution that is timely and acceptable. 
D) An unstructured, unique problem situation that requires a creative solution. 
E) The practice of selecting an acceptable, but probably not the best solution. 
A) A relatively simple problem that can be solved with a standard rule. 
B) Logical, systematic problem solving. 
C) A solution that is timely and acceptable. 
D) An unstructured, unique problem situation that requires a creative solution. 
E) The practice of selecting an acceptable, but probably not the best solution.

Question 8

In the garbage can model of the decision-making process, decisions are:

Accepted Answer

A) random 
B) systematic 
C) sequential 
D) optimal 
A) random 
B) systematic 
C) sequential 
D) optimal

Question 9

Time constraints don't prevent managers from using group decision techniques.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A recent study found that the availability of information relating to severe consequences for an unethical decision reduced the likelihood that one would make that decision. Additionally, it was found that the availability of others who believed that a particular act was morally acceptable increased the perceptions that this act was viewed as socially acceptable. The implication of these results for managers suggest:

Accepted Answer

A) the prevalence of satisficing in the bounded rationality approach and consequently the persistence of problems in organizations. 
B) the constraints associated with problemistic search and the fallacy of profit maximization. 
C) the need for managers to be aware of how heuristics are used and take care that these short cuts are not leading to poor decisions. 
D) All of these 
A) the prevalence of satisficing in the bounded rationality approach and consequently the persistence of problems in organizations. 
B) the constraints associated with problemistic search and the fallacy of profit maximization. 
C) the need for managers to be aware of how heuristics are used and take care that these short cuts are not leading to poor decisions. 
D) All of these

Question 11

The combination of a perceiving style and judging style that an individual prefers for gathering information and evaluating alternatives is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive style 
B) mental maps 
C) thinking scripts 
D) predispositional mental activity 
A) cognitive style 
B) mental maps 
C) thinking scripts 
D) predispositional mental activity

Question 12

The cognitive style that exhibits a preference for data and a detailed, objective approach to decision making is:

Accepted Answer

A) sensing/feeling 
B) thinking/feeling 
C) intuiting/thinking 
D) sensing/thinking 
A) sensing/feeling 
B) thinking/feeling 
C) intuiting/thinking 
D) sensing/thinking

Question 13

Research on intuition, suggests all of the following can be techniques used by managers to tap into their intuition except:

Accepted Answer

A) practicing relaxation techniques 
B) using images to guide the mind 
C) taking creative pauses before making a decision 
D) using decision heuristics and satisficing 
A) practicing relaxation techniques 
B) using images to guide the mind 
C) taking creative pauses before making a decision 
D) using decision heuristics and satisficing

Question 14

Satisficing is the practice of adopting an acceptable solution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What are the elements of the decision making process?

Accepted Answer

The decisional process is multiple step

Question 16

Research on the impact of moods on tasks that involve considerable cognitive demands suggests:

Accepted Answer

A) Positive moods result in better performance 
B) Negative moods result in better performance 
C) Mood didn't really make a difference 
D) There was a curvilinear relationship between mood and tasks requiring high cognitive demands 
A) Positive moods result in better performance 
B) Negative moods result in better performance 
C) Mood didn't really make a difference 
D) There was a curvilinear relationship between mood and tasks requiring high cognitive demands

Question 17

When using verbal brainstorming, a common problem includes:

Accepted Answer

A) production blocking 
B) nonverbal noise which hinders understanding 
C) cognitive overload 
D) semantic differential 
A) production blocking 
B) nonverbal noise which hinders understanding 
C) cognitive overload 
D) semantic differential

Question 18

Searching for the "right" answer and avoiding problems outside of our own expertise would be considered what type of problem for creativity?

Accepted Answer

A) mental locks 
B) cognitive structure 
C) structured thinking 
D) inflexible maps 
A) mental locks 
B) cognitive structure 
C) structured thinking 
D) inflexible maps

Question 19

Match the following:
-Intuiting/Thinking

Accepted Answer

A) A person's preference for gathering information and evaluating alternatives. 
B) A cognitive style where the individual evaluates options objectively and impersonally. 
C) Usually a positive influence on decision making that operates below the level of consciousness. 
D) An occupation where we find sensors/thinkers. 
E) This cognitive style can handle interpersonal problems well and tends to take calculated risks. 
A) A person's preference for gathering information and evaluating alternatives. 
B) A cognitive style where the individual evaluates options objectively and impersonally. 
C) Usually a positive influence on decision making that operates below the level of consciousness. 
D) An occupation where we find sensors/thinkers. 
E) This cognitive style can handle interpersonal problems well and tends to take calculated risks.

Question 20

The rational model of decision making assumes:

Accepted Answer

A) preferences of the decision maker are inconsistent 
B) that all possible alternatives can't be known to decision makers 
C) that outcomes can't be optimized 
D) that the decision maker can calculate the probability of success for alternatives 
A) preferences of the decision maker are inconsistent 
B) that all possible alternatives can't be known to decision makers 
C) that outcomes can't be optimized 
D) that the decision maker can calculate the probability of success for alternatives

Which of the following best represents the three reasons why managers may hang on to a losing course of action or escalate their commitment?

An organizational influence that may encourage creativity but may also bring about lower levels of creativity is/involves:

Group polarization results in:

In groups, participants engage in discussions that can make them lose their focus.

All of the following are characteristics of a nonprogrammed decision situation except:

Match the following: -Effective Decision

In the garbage can model of the decision-making process, decisions are:

Time constraints don't prevent managers from using group decision techniques.

The combination of a perceiving style and judging style that an individual prefers for gathering information and evaluating alternatives is known as:

The cognitive style that exhibits a preference for data and a detailed, objective approach to decision making is:

Research on intuition, suggests all of the following can be techniques used by managers to tap into their intuition except:

Satisficing is the practice of adopting an acceptable solution.

What are the elements of the decision making process?

Research on the impact of moods on tasks that involve considerable cognitive demands suggests:

When using verbal brainstorming, a common problem includes:

Searching for the "right" answer and avoiding problems outside of our own expertise would be considered what type of problem for creativity?

Match the following: -Intuiting/Thinking

The rational model of decision making assumes:

Organizational Behavior and Opportunity

Challenges for Managers

Personality, Perception, and Attribution

Attitudes, Emotions, and Ethics

Motivation at Work

Learning and Performance Management

Stress and Well-Being at Work

Communication

Work Teams and Groups

Power and Political Behavior

Leadership and Followership

Conflict and Negotiation

Jobs and the Design of Work

Organizational Design and Structure

Organizational Culture

Career Management

Managing Change

Filters

Exam 10: Decision Making by Individuals and Groups

Which of the following best represents the three reasons why managers may hang on to a losing course of action or escalate their commitment?

An organizational influence that may encourage creativity but may also bring about lower levels of creativity is/involves:

Group polarization results in:

In groups, participants engage in discussions that can make them lose their focus.

All of the following are characteristics of a nonprogrammed decision situation except:

Match the following: -Effective Decision

In the garbage can model of the decision-making process, decisions are:

Time constraints don't prevent managers from using group decision techniques.

The combination of a perceiving style and judging style that an individual prefers for gathering information and evaluating alternatives is known as:

The cognitive style that exhibits a preference for data and a detailed, objective approach to decision making is:

Research on intuition, suggests all of the following can be techniques used by managers to tap into their intuition except:

Satisficing is the practice of adopting an acceptable solution.

What are the elements of the decision making process?

Research on the impact of moods on tasks that involve considerable cognitive demands suggests:

When using verbal brainstorming, a common problem includes:

Searching for the "right" answer and avoiding problems outside of our own expertise would be considered what type of problem for creativity?

Match the following: -Intuiting/Thinking

The rational model of decision making assumes:

Organizational Behavior and Opportunity

Challenges for Managers

Personality, Perception, and Attribution

Attitudes, Emotions, and Ethics

Motivation at Work

Learning and Performance Management

Stress and Well-Being at Work

Communication

Work Teams and Groups

Power and Political Behavior

Leadership and Followership

Conflict and Negotiation

Jobs and the Design of Work

Organizational Design and Structure

Organizational Culture

Career Management

Managing Change

Filters