Exam 15: The Urinary System

Describe how the bicarbonate buffer system functions to maintain pH.

Explain the renin-angiotensin mechanism as a method to maintain blood pressure homeostasis.

Eighty-year old Mary urinates small amounts of urine quite often, likely due to bladder shrinkage and loss of bladder tone. What age-related condition does she have?

Identify the process that occurs in the kidney. A) tubular reabsorption B) glomerular filtration C) tubular secretion -Aldosterone promotes sodium and thus water to move from the filtrate through the tubule cells into the blood

What region of the kidney is deep to the renal cortex?

Identify the urinary structure with its associated description: A) adrenal gland B) renal cortex C) renal pyramids or medullary pyramids D) renal columns E) calyces F) renal pelvis G) renal medulla -Triangular regions with a striped appearance present in the medulla

Urine has a specific gravity closest to 1.001 when excessive fluids are consumed.

What is the most important trigger for aldosterone release?

Which of these chemicals dissociates completely and liberates all the hydrogen ions when dissolved in water?

As venous blood is drained from the kidney, identify the path it follows.

Which of the following is the major stimulus for the thirst mechanism?

Which one of the following terms describes the location of the kidneys?

Why is the trigone of the urinary bladder clinically important?

The involuntary internal urethral sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle.

Most reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron.

The micturition reflex forces urine into the upper part of the ________.

A patient is with back pain and a severe headache is diagnosed with pyuria. Explain this diagnosis and provide a possible explanation for it.

The urethra, which carries urine exiting the urinary bladder by peristalsis, is typically shorter in females than in males.

Identify the process that occurs in the kidney. A) tubular reabsorption B) glomerular filtration C) tubular secretion -Water, glucose, amino acids, and needed ions are moved from the filtrate back into the blood

Figure 15.2 Using Figure 15.2, identify the following: -The proximal convoluted tubule is indicated by ________.