Question 1

The mode of action of an antimicrobial agent refers to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) killing of all microorganisms. 
B) inhibition of growth of bacteria. 
C) how it exerts its effects upon microorganisms. 
D) the broad spectrum of activity of the antimicrobial agent. 
A) killing of all microorganisms. 
B) inhibition of growth of bacteria. 
C) how it exerts its effects upon microorganisms. 
D) the broad spectrum of activity of the antimicrobial agent.

Question 2

Which does not involve testing microbial sensitivity to antimicrobials?

Accepted Answer

A) Disk diffusion method 
B) Dilution method 
C) Minimum inhibitory concentration 
D) Toxic dosage level 
A) Disk diffusion method 
B) Dilution method 
C) Minimum inhibitory concentration 
D) Toxic dosage level

Question 3

Why are resistant organisms found often in hospitalized patients?

Accepted Answer

A) Stringent efforts maintain sanitary conditions. 
B) Many infections in patients are being treated with different antibiotics. 
C) Doctors are treating outpatients with multiple antibiotics. 
D) Two of the above 
A) Stringent efforts maintain sanitary conditions. 
B) Many infections in patients are being treated with different antibiotics. 
C) Doctors are treating outpatients with multiple antibiotics. 
D) Two of the above

Question 4

Destruction or inactivation of antimicrobial agents is an example of what kind of bacterial resistance mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) target alteration 
B) membrane permeability alteration 
C) enzyme development 
D) enzyme alteration 
A) target alteration 
B) membrane permeability alteration 
C) enzyme development 
D) enzyme alteration

Question 5

A decreased efficacy of an antimicrobial agent during combination therapy is called:

Accepted Answer

A) antagonism 
B) cross-resistance 
C) synergism 
D) second-line 
A) antagonism 
B) cross-resistance 
C) synergism 
D) second-line

Question 6

How many zones of inhibition are depicted in this image?

Accepted Answer

A) None 
B) Five 
C) Ten 
D) Twelve 
A) None 
B) Five 
C) Ten 
D) Twelve

Question 7

Describe three mechanisms for antibiotic resistance.If exposure to antibiotics does not induce drug-resistant mutations to occur,why do we see so many more drug-resistant strains today?

Accepted Answer

There are 5 mechanisms for antibiotic re

Question 8

The mode of action of the penicillin is:

Accepted Answer

A) inhibition of cell wall synthesis 
B) disruption of cell membranes 
C) inhibition of protein synthesis 
D) inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis 
A) inhibition of cell wall synthesis 
B) disruption of cell membranes 
C) inhibition of protein synthesis 
D) inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

Question 9

Which of the following antibiotics is an inhibitor of DNA gyrase?

Accepted Answer

A) Ethambutol 
B) Ciprofloxacin 
C) Tobramycin 
D) Neomycin 
A) Ethambutol 
B) Ciprofloxacin 
C) Tobramycin 
D) Neomycin

Question 10

Because the tetracyclines are effective against a large variety of different organisms,they are considered to:

Accepted Answer

A) be narrow-spectrum drugs 
B) have a therapeutic dosage level 
C) be bacteriocidal 
D) be broad-spectrum drugs 
A) be narrow-spectrum drugs 
B) have a therapeutic dosage level 
C) be bacteriocidal 
D) be broad-spectrum drugs

Question 11

Penicillin was discovered by ____________ and was isolated by ________ .

Accepted Answer

A) Gerhard Domagk; Alexander Fleming 
B) Selman Walksman; Ernest Fourneau and Paul Ehrlich 
C) Ernst Chain and Howard Florey; Paul Ehrlich 
D) Alexander Fleming; Ernst Chain and Howard Florey 
A) Gerhard Domagk; Alexander Fleming 
B) Selman Walksman; Ernest Fourneau and Paul Ehrlich 
C) Ernst Chain and Howard Florey; Paul Ehrlich 
D) Alexander Fleming; Ernst Chain and Howard Florey

Question 12

Clear area on agar that surrounds a filter paper disk on the disk diffusion tests and represents inhibited growth of a test microorganism is called:

Accepted Answer

A) minimum inhibitory concentration 
B) minimum bactericidal concentration 
C) zone of inhibition 
D) serum killing power 
A) minimum inhibitory concentration 
B) minimum bactericidal concentration 
C) zone of inhibition 
D) serum killing power

Question 13

Which of the following directly pertain to inhibition of cellular protein synthesis by antimicrobial agents?

Accepted Answer

A) cellular cytoplasm is lost 
B) binding and inhibition of RNA polymerase 
C) imitation or molecular mimicry of normal molecules 
D) interferes with accurate translation of mRNA message 
A) cellular cytoplasm is lost 
B) binding and inhibition of RNA polymerase 
C) imitation or molecular mimicry of normal molecules 
D) interferes with accurate translation of mRNA message

Question 14

The lowest concentration of drug that yields no growth during a second inoculation into fresh medium is called:

Accepted Answer

A) minimum bactericidal concentration 
B) minimum inhibitory concentration 
C) mutant prevention concentration 
D) serum killing power 
A) minimum bactericidal concentration 
B) minimum inhibitory concentration 
C) mutant prevention concentration 
D) serum killing power

Question 15

A microorganism that can use ready-made folic acid from its environment and no longer needs to synthesize it from the PABA precursor demonstrates an example of what type of antimicrobial resistance mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) Alteration of an enzyme 
B) Alteration of targets 
C) Development of enzymes 
D) Alteration of a metabolic pathway 
A) Alteration of an enzyme 
B) Alteration of targets 
C) Development of enzymes 
D) Alteration of a metabolic pathway

Question 16

Characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial agent include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) resistance by microorganisms 
B) reasonable cost 
C) long shelf life 
D) toxicity not easily altered 
A) resistance by microorganisms 
B) reasonable cost 
C) long shelf life 
D) toxicity not easily altered

Question 17

Antibiotics that bind to RNA polymerase_____.

Accepted Answer

A) act as base analogs 
B) inhibit of cell wall synthesis 
C) disrupt of cell membrane function 
D) inhibit transcription 
A) act as base analogs 
B) inhibit of cell wall synthesis 
C) disrupt of cell membrane function 
D) inhibit transcription

Question 18

Which of the characteristics apply to an ideal antimicrobial agent?

Accepted Answer

A) Allergenic 
B) Instability 
C) Short shelf life 
D) Selective toxicity 
A) Allergenic 
B) Instability 
C) Short shelf life 
D) Selective toxicity

Question 19

Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched with antibiotic and its target?

Accepted Answer

A) penicillin; Gram-positive bacteria 
B) nystatin; fungi 
C) tetracycline; viruses 
D) griseofulvin; fungi 
A) penicillin; Gram-positive bacteria 
B) nystatin; fungi 
C) tetracycline; viruses 
D) griseofulvin; fungi

Question 20

A patient comes to you from a nursing home with a high fever. Is it better to start the patient on a broad spectrum drug or a narrow spectrum drug? Is it better to start the patient on one antibiotic or multiple antibiotics? Defend your decision.

Accepted Answer

Personal opinion,possible answers includ

Exam 13: Antimicrobial Therapy

The mode of action of an antimicrobial agent refers to _____.

Which does not involve testing microbial sensitivity to antimicrobials?

Why are resistant organisms found often in hospitalized patients?

Destruction or inactivation of antimicrobial agents is an example of what kind of bacterial resistance mechanism?

A decreased efficacy of an antimicrobial agent during combination therapy is called:

How many zones of inhibition are depicted in this image?

Describe three mechanisms for antibiotic resistance.If exposure to antibiotics does not induce drug-resistant mutations to occur,why do we see so many more drug-resistant strains today?

The mode of action of the penicillin is:

Which of the following antibiotics is an inhibitor of DNA gyrase?

Because the tetracyclines are effective against a large variety of different organisms,they are considered to:

Penicillin was discovered by ____________ and was isolated by ________ .

Clear area on agar that surrounds a filter paper disk on the disk diffusion tests and represents inhibited growth of a test microorganism is called:

Which of the following directly pertain to inhibition of cellular protein synthesis by antimicrobial agents?

The lowest concentration of drug that yields no growth during a second inoculation into fresh medium is called:

A microorganism that can use ready-made folic acid from its environment and no longer needs to synthesize it from the PABA precursor demonstrates an example of what type of antimicrobial resistance mechanism?

Characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial agent include all of the following except:

Antibiotics that bind to RNA polymerase_____.

Which of the characteristics apply to an ideal antimicrobial agent?

Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched with antibiotic and its target?

A patient comes to you from a nursing home with a high fever. Is it better to start the patient on a broad spectrum drug or a narrow spectrum drug? Is it better to start the patient on one antibiotic or multiple antibiotics? Defend your decision.

Scope and History of Microbiology

Fundamentals of Chemistry

Microscopy and Staining

Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Essential Concepts of Metabolism

Growth and Culturing of Bacteria

Microbial Genetics

Gene Transfer and Genetic Engineering

An Introduction to Taxonomy: the Bacteria

Viruses

Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Parasites

Sterilization and Disinfection

Host-Microbe Relationships and Disease Processes

Epidemiology and Nosocomial Infections

Innate Host Defenses

Immunology I: Basic Principles of Adaptive Immunity and Immunization

Immunology Ii: Immunological Disorders and Tests

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes; Wounds and Bites

Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Oral and Gastrointestinal Diseases

Cardiovascular, lymphatic and Systemic Disease

Diseases of the Nervous System

Environmental Microbiology

Applied Microbiology

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Penicillin was discovered by ____ and was isolated by .