Question 1

All of the following are components of the nonspecific host defenses except:

Accepted Answer

A) fever 
B) mucus 
C) antibodies 
D) interferon 
A) fever 
B) mucus 
C) antibodies 
D) interferon C

Question 2

Leukocyte endogenous mediator:

Accepted Answer

A) elevates body temperature 
B) lowers the plasma iron concentration 
C) decreases the hosts metabolic rate 
D) two of the above 
A) elevates body temperature 
B) lowers the plasma iron concentration 
C) decreases the hosts metabolic rate 
D) two of the above D

Question 3

The process whereby immune cells leave the blood by passing between the endothelial cells that line blood vessels is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) leukocytosis 
B) phagocytosis 
C) specific defenses 
D) diapedesis 
A) leukocytosis 
B) phagocytosis 
C) specific defenses 
D) diapedesis D

Question 4

The inflammatory condition resulting from an infectious agent continuously producing tissue damage is:

Accepted Answer

A) granulated inflammation 
B) acute inflammation 
C) chronic inflammation 
D) edema 
A) granulated inflammation 
B) acute inflammation 
C) chronic inflammation 
D) edema

Question 5

Granulocytes include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) basophils 
B) neutrophils 
C) lymphocytes 
D) eosinophils 
A) basophils 
B) neutrophils 
C) lymphocytes 
D) eosinophils

Question 6

A residual body:

Accepted Answer

A) is the remains of parasitic worms killed extracellularly 
B) consists of a thin layer of cells that secrete mucus 
C) prevents adherence of a phagocyte and a bacterium 
D) is a material that remains in a phagolysosome after digestion of a microbe 
A) is the remains of parasitic worms killed extracellularly 
B) consists of a thin layer of cells that secrete mucus 
C) prevents adherence of a phagocyte and a bacterium 
D) is a material that remains in a phagolysosome after digestion of a microbe

Question 7

Cytokines:

Accepted Answer

A) are soluble proteins 
B) function in host defenses such as macrophage chemotaxis 
C) include interferons 
D) all of the above 
A) are soluble proteins 
B) function in host defenses such as macrophage chemotaxis 
C) include interferons 
D) all of the above

Question 8

What collection of lymphoid tissue,found in the ileum of the small intestine,is comprised of unencapsulated regions filled with lymphocytes,called lymphoid nodules?

Accepted Answer

A) Gut-associated lymphatic tissues (GALT) 
B) Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues (MALT) 
C) Phagosomes 
D) Tonsils 
A) Gut-associated lymphatic tissues (GALT) 
B) Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues (MALT) 
C) Phagosomes 
D) Tonsils

Question 9

The binding and coating of the surfaces of invading microbes by either antibodies or C3b is:

Accepted Answer

A) aided by the release of cytokines by phagocytes 
B) necessary for phagocytosis of all microbes 
C) called opsonization 
D) responsible for the direct lysis of invading microrganisms 
A) aided by the release of cytokines by phagocytes 
B) necessary for phagocytosis of all microbes 
C) called opsonization 
D) responsible for the direct lysis of invading microrganisms

Question 10

Toll-like receptors can distinguish between:

Accepted Answer

A) nonspecific and specific immune responses 
B) Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 
C) bacteria versus viruses 
D) two of the above 
A) nonspecific and specific immune responses 
B) Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 
C) bacteria versus viruses 
D) two of the above

Question 11

What occurs in a lymph node?

Accepted Answer

A) Lymph moves in two directions. 
B) Lymph enters sinuses lined by aggregations of B cells. 
C) Bacteria are removed by phagocytes and the adaptive immune response is initiated. 
D) Only lymphocytes flow through the lymph nodes therefore they are not a site of infection. 
A) Lymph moves in two directions. 
B) Lymph enters sinuses lined by aggregations of B cells. 
C) Bacteria are removed by phagocytes and the adaptive immune response is initiated. 
D) Only lymphocytes flow through the lymph nodes therefore they are not a site of infection.

Question 12

An accumulation of pus in a cavity formed by damaged tissue:

Accepted Answer

A) only occurs during chronic inflammatory process 
B) represents unencapsulated areas of lymphocytes 
C) accounts for redness and increased tissue temperature 
D) is known as an abscess 
A) only occurs during chronic inflammatory process 
B) represents unencapsulated areas of lymphocytes 
C) accounts for redness and increased tissue temperature 
D) is known as an abscess

Question 13

Bacteria that resist digestion by phagocytes use all of the following mechanisms except:

Accepted Answer

A) produce capsule that can resist lysosomal digestion 
B) block chemokines from reaching phagocytes 
C) form parasitophorous vacuoles 
D) produce streptolysin and leukocidin 
A) produce capsule that can resist lysosomal digestion 
B) block chemokines from reaching phagocytes 
C) form parasitophorous vacuoles 
D) produce streptolysin and leukocidin

Question 14

Which of the following does NOT occur in the process of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A) chemotaxis 
B) granulation 
C) adherence 
D) ingestion 
A) chemotaxis 
B) granulation 
C) adherence 
D) ingestion

Question 15

Heat,pain,redness and swelling are symptoms of:

Accepted Answer

A) phagocytosis 
B) immune cytolysis 
C) inflammation 
D) leukocytosis 
A) phagocytosis 
B) immune cytolysis 
C) inflammation 
D) leukocytosis

Question 16

You receive a cut on your foot. What are the four characteristic signs of inflammation you would expect to see? How would an inflammatory response develop against bacteria that enter the cut?

Accepted Answer

The four characteristic signs of inflamm

Question 17

The lymphatic system does all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) carry plasma to tissue 
B) transport digested fats to the cardiovascular system 
C) drain excess fluid from space between cells 
D) allow for the circulation of cellular defenses 
A) carry plasma to tissue 
B) transport digested fats to the cardiovascular system 
C) drain excess fluid from space between cells 
D) allow for the circulation of cellular defenses

Question 18

Complement:

Accepted Answer

A) is a system that consists of over 20 proteins that function in a cascade-like manner 
B) activation results in the onset of inflammation 
C) pathway involves factors B, D and P 
D) all of the above 
A) is a system that consists of over 20 proteins that function in a cascade-like manner 
B) activation results in the onset of inflammation 
C) pathway involves factors B, D and P 
D) all of the above

Question 19

Which of the following proteins activate complement,enhance inflammation and stimulate macrophages to undergo chemotaxis?

Accepted Answer

A) Antiviral proteins 
B) Exogenous pyrogens 
C) Leukocidins 
D) Acute phase proteins 
A) Antiviral proteins 
B) Exogenous pyrogens 
C) Leukocidins 
D) Acute phase proteins

Question 20

Exogenous and endogenous __________ are fever causing substances.

Accepted Answer

A) prostraglandins 
B) pyrogens 
C) cytokines 
D) bradykines 
A) prostraglandins 
B) pyrogens 
C) cytokines 
D) bradykines

Exam 16: Innate Host Defenses

All of the following are components of the nonspecific host defenses except:

Leukocyte endogenous mediator:

The process whereby immune cells leave the blood by passing between the endothelial cells that line blood vessels is known as:

The inflammatory condition resulting from an infectious agent continuously producing tissue damage is:

Granulocytes include all of the following except:

A residual body:

Cytokines:

What collection of lymphoid tissue,found in the ileum of the small intestine,is comprised of unencapsulated regions filled with lymphocytes,called lymphoid nodules?

The binding and coating of the surfaces of invading microbes by either antibodies or C3b is:

Toll-like receptors can distinguish between:

What occurs in a lymph node?

An accumulation of pus in a cavity formed by damaged tissue:

Bacteria that resist digestion by phagocytes use all of the following mechanisms except:

Which of the following does NOT occur in the process of phagocytosis?

Heat,pain,redness and swelling are symptoms of:

You receive a cut on your foot. What are the four characteristic signs of inflammation you would expect to see? How would an inflammatory response develop against bacteria that enter the cut?

The lymphatic system does all of the following except:

Complement:

Which of the following proteins activate complement,enhance inflammation and stimulate macrophages to undergo chemotaxis?

Exogenous and endogenous __________ are fever causing substances.

Scope and History of Microbiology

Fundamentals of Chemistry

Microscopy and Staining

Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Essential Concepts of Metabolism

Growth and Culturing of Bacteria

Microbial Genetics

Gene Transfer and Genetic Engineering

An Introduction to Taxonomy: the Bacteria

Viruses

Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Parasites

Sterilization and Disinfection

Antimicrobial Therapy

Host-Microbe Relationships and Disease Processes

Epidemiology and Nosocomial Infections

Immunology I: Basic Principles of Adaptive Immunity and Immunization

Immunology Ii: Immunological Disorders and Tests

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes; Wounds and Bites

Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Oral and Gastrointestinal Diseases

Cardiovascular, lymphatic and Systemic Disease

Diseases of the Nervous System

Environmental Microbiology

Applied Microbiology

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