Question 1

A permanent alteration in the DNA of an organism is called a/n:

Accepted Answer

A) mutation 
B) hereditary marker 
C) replicon 
D) allele 
A) mutation 
B) hereditary marker 
C) replicon 
D) allele

Question 2

Bacterial genomes:

Accepted Answer

A) have rarely been sequenced as it takes a very long time. 
B) only contain adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine. 
C) contain all the information for the structure and functioning of a cell. 
D) when sequenced 100% of the genes are with known cellular function. 
A) have rarely been sequenced as it takes a very long time. 
B) only contain adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine. 
C) contain all the information for the structure and functioning of a cell. 
D) when sequenced 100% of the genes are with known cellular function.

Question 3

The information for a gene on a chromosome is used to create ____ which then moves to the ribosome to serve as a template for protein synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) tRNA 
B) rRNA 
C) siRNA 
D) mRNA 
A) tRNA 
B) rRNA 
C) siRNA 
D) mRNA

Question 4

Okazaki fragments make up part of the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) small ribosomal subunit 
B) tRNA 
C) lagging strand of newly synthesized DNA 
D) mRNA 
A) small ribosomal subunit 
B) tRNA 
C) lagging strand of newly synthesized DNA 
D) mRNA

Question 5

A DNA mutation that results in no change in protein product produced is termed a:

Accepted Answer

A) missense mutation 
B) nonsense mutation 
C) silent mutation 
D) frameshift mutation 
A) missense mutation 
B) nonsense mutation 
C) silent mutation 
D) frameshift mutation

Question 6

In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction that displays feedback inhibition,_____

Accepted Answer

A) excess substrate will inhibit the reaction 
B) excess product will inhibit the reaction 
C) the reaction continues at the same pace regardless of conditions in the cell 
D) excess product is broken down to create new substrate 
A) excess substrate will inhibit the reaction 
B) excess product will inhibit the reaction 
C) the reaction continues at the same pace regardless of conditions in the cell 
D) excess product is broken down to create new substrate

Question 7

Spontaneous mutations are:

Accepted Answer

A) caused by chemicals such as acridine and caffeine. 
B) caused by physical agents such as ultraviolet light or x-rays. 
C) the result of errors in the base pairing of nucleotides during replication. 
D) occur at a rate higher than the rate of induced mutations. 
A) caused by chemicals such as acridine and caffeine. 
B) caused by physical agents such as ultraviolet light or x-rays. 
C) the result of errors in the base pairing of nucleotides during replication. 
D) occur at a rate higher than the rate of induced mutations.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) During DNA replication the leading strand serves as template for replication of lagging strand. 
B) Fragments on the lagging strand are joined together by DNA ligase. 
C) A bacterial chromosome is made up of individual units called Okazaki fragments. 
D) Two strands of double helix combine by base pairing in a parallel fashion. 
A) During DNA replication the leading strand serves as template for replication of lagging strand. 
B) Fragments on the lagging strand are joined together by DNA ligase. 
C) A bacterial chromosome is made up of individual units called Okazaki fragments. 
D) Two strands of double helix combine by base pairing in a parallel fashion.

Question 9

After DNA replication of a bacterial chromosome,the new DNA contains:

Accepted Answer

A) 2 newly synthesized strands of DNA copied from the original parent strands 
B) one strand of parent DNA along with one newly synthesized strand 
C) small segments of parent DNA interspersed with newly synthesized segments of DNA 
D) two of the above 
A) 2 newly synthesized strands of DNA copied from the original parent strands 
B) one strand of parent DNA along with one newly synthesized strand 
C) small segments of parent DNA interspersed with newly synthesized segments of DNA 
D) two of the above

Question 10

Which statement about mutations is false?

Accepted Answer

A) A mutation can alter the genotype of an organism without altering the phenotype. 
B) Frameshift mutations are typically more serious than point mutations. 
C) Spontaneous mutations are the result of exposure to mutagens. 
D) Photoreactivation can take place in non-photosynthetic bacteria. 
A) A mutation can alter the genotype of an organism without altering the phenotype. 
B) Frameshift mutations are typically more serious than point mutations. 
C) Spontaneous mutations are the result of exposure to mutagens. 
D) Photoreactivation can take place in non-photosynthetic bacteria.

Question 11

In DNA,the base adenine always pairs with what other base?

Accepted Answer

A) guanine 
B) adenine 
C) uracil 
D) thymine 
A) guanine 
B) adenine 
C) uracil 
D) thymine

Question 12

Pyrimidine dimers are a type of mutation most commonly caused by:

Accepted Answer

A) alkylating agents 
B) deaminating agents 
C) ultraviolet light 
D) acridine 
A) alkylating agents 
B) deaminating agents 
C) ultraviolet light 
D) acridine

Question 13

Polymerase chain reaction:

Accepted Answer

A) allows for the rapid amplification of a billion copies of DNA without needing a living cell 
B) can be applied to historic samples and to criminal investigations 
C) requires oligonucleotides to cut DNA into smaller pieces 
D) two of the above are true 
A) allows for the rapid amplification of a billion copies of DNA without needing a living cell 
B) can be applied to historic samples and to criminal investigations 
C) requires oligonucleotides to cut DNA into smaller pieces 
D) two of the above are true

Question 14

Mutagens such as 5-bromouracil cause mutations by:

Accepted Answer

A) substituting for one of the bases normally found in DNA 
B) adding an alkyl group to a nucleotide 
C) removing an amino group from a nucleotide 
D) causing breaks in chromosomes 
A) substituting for one of the bases normally found in DNA 
B) adding an alkyl group to a nucleotide 
C) removing an amino group from a nucleotide 
D) causing breaks in chromosomes

Question 15

________ refers to the specific characteristics displayed by an organism.

Accepted Answer

A) Genotype 
B) Mutation 
C) Phenotype 
D) Genes 
A) Genotype 
B) Mutation 
C) Phenotype 
D) Genes

Question 16

A linear sequence of DNA nucleotides which provides the genetic information for a single characteristic is a _____.

Accepted Answer

A) chromosome 
B) plasmid 
C) gene 
D) base pair 
A) chromosome 
B) plasmid 
C) gene 
D) base pair

Question 17

Catabolite repression:

Accepted Answer

A) cells save energy by not making uneeded enzymes 
B) doesn't allow for cells to prioritize consumption of multiple substrates 
C) allows cell growth to continue even after the preferred nutrient is used up 
D) two of the above 
A) cells save energy by not making uneeded enzymes 
B) doesn't allow for cells to prioritize consumption of multiple substrates 
C) allows cell growth to continue even after the preferred nutrient is used up 
D) two of the above

Question 18

Photoreactivation:

Accepted Answer

A) repairs dimers in DNA using an endonuclease 
B) uses light to activate repair enzymes 
C) removes alkylating agents from bases 
D) occurs when UV light causes mutations in DNA 
A) repairs dimers in DNA using an endonuclease 
B) uses light to activate repair enzymes 
C) removes alkylating agents from bases 
D) occurs when UV light causes mutations in DNA

Question 19

Which of the following properties are exclusive to mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) Combines with specific proteins to form ribosomes 
B) Carries information from DNA for synthesis of a protein 
C) Molecules contain an anticodon 
D) Contains the nucleotide thymine 
A) Combines with specific proteins to form ribosomes 
B) Carries information from DNA for synthesis of a protein 
C) Molecules contain an anticodon 
D) Contains the nucleotide thymine

Question 20

Inducible enzymes:

Accepted Answer

A) are synthesized continuously by the cell 
B) are produced by genes that are always active 
C) are synthesized by genes that are sometimes active and sometimes inactive 
D) only exist in prokaryotic organisms 
A) are synthesized continuously by the cell 
B) are produced by genes that are always active 
C) are synthesized by genes that are sometimes active and sometimes inactive 
D) only exist in prokaryotic organisms

Exam 7: Microbial Genetics

A permanent alteration in the DNA of an organism is called a/n:

Bacterial genomes:

The information for a gene on a chromosome is used to create ____ which then moves to the ribosome to serve as a template for protein synthesis.

Okazaki fragments make up part of the _____.

A DNA mutation that results in no change in protein product produced is termed a:

In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction that displays feedback inhibition,_____

Spontaneous mutations are:

Which of the following statements is true?

After DNA replication of a bacterial chromosome,the new DNA contains:

Which statement about mutations is false?

In DNA,the base adenine always pairs with what other base?

Pyrimidine dimers are a type of mutation most commonly caused by:

Polymerase chain reaction:

Mutagens such as 5-bromouracil cause mutations by:

________ refers to the specific characteristics displayed by an organism.

A linear sequence of DNA nucleotides which provides the genetic information for a single characteristic is a _____.

Catabolite repression:

Photoreactivation:

Which of the following properties are exclusive to mRNA?

Inducible enzymes:

Scope and History of Microbiology

Fundamentals of Chemistry

Microscopy and Staining

Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Essential Concepts of Metabolism

Growth and Culturing of Bacteria

Gene Transfer and Genetic Engineering

An Introduction to Taxonomy: the Bacteria

Viruses

Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Parasites

Sterilization and Disinfection

Antimicrobial Therapy

Host-Microbe Relationships and Disease Processes

Epidemiology and Nosocomial Infections

Innate Host Defenses

Immunology I: Basic Principles of Adaptive Immunity and Immunization

Immunology Ii: Immunological Disorders and Tests

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes; Wounds and Bites

Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Oral and Gastrointestinal Diseases

Cardiovascular, lymphatic and Systemic Disease

Diseases of the Nervous System

Environmental Microbiology

Applied Microbiology

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