Question 1

A plasmid is a/an _____.

Accepted Answer

A) extrachromosomal piece of DNA 
B) chromosomal site to which genetic activity can be traced 
C) body found in the cytoplasm that directs protein synthesis 
D) molecule that carries the genetic message of the chromosomal DNA 
A) extrachromosomal piece of DNA 
B) chromosomal site to which genetic activity can be traced 
C) body found in the cytoplasm that directs protein synthesis 
D) molecule that carries the genetic message of the chromosomal DNA

Question 2

In eukaryotes,transcription takes place in the ________ while translation takes place in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) nucleus, nucleus 
B) nucleus, cytoplasm 
C) cytoplasm, nucleus 
D) cytoplasm, cytoplasm 
A) nucleus, nucleus 
B) nucleus, cytoplasm 
C) cytoplasm, nucleus 
D) cytoplasm, cytoplasm

Question 3

tRNA anticodons serve as a link between ______.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA and mRNA 
B) codons and anticodons 
C) codons and amino acids 
D) mRNA and rRNA 
A) DNA and mRNA 
B) codons and anticodons 
C) codons and amino acids 
D) mRNA and rRNA

Question 4

Organisms that have lost the ability to synthesize a particular enzyme and which require certain nutrients to be added to their medium to maintain growth are termed:

Accepted Answer

A) phototrophs 
B) auxotrophs 
C) prototrophs 
D) autotrophs 
A) phototrophs 
B) auxotrophs 
C) prototrophs 
D) autotrophs

Question 5

Genes with different information at the same locus are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A) chromosomes 
B) homologs 
C) plasmids 
D) alleles 
A) chromosomes 
B) homologs 
C) plasmids 
D) alleles

Question 6

Transcription results in the formation of what type of new molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) RNA 
C) Protein 
D) lipid 
A) DNA 
B) RNA 
C) Protein 
D) lipid

Question 7

Bacterial chromosomes:

Accepted Answer

A) must be present for a bacteria to stay alive and reproduce 
B) are small segments of DNA that have the ability to move from one position to another 
C) contain genetic information that is helpful but not necessary for survival 
D) are always circular and only one is present in each bacteria 
A) must be present for a bacteria to stay alive and reproduce 
B) are small segments of DNA that have the ability to move from one position to another 
C) contain genetic information that is helpful but not necessary for survival 
D) are always circular and only one is present in each bacteria

Question 8

During DNA replication:

Accepted Answer

A) the leading strand is synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction 
B) the leading strand is synthesized discontinuously 
C) the lagging strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction 
D) both strands are synthesized discontinuously 
A) the leading strand is synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction 
B) the leading strand is synthesized discontinuously 
C) the lagging strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction 
D) both strands are synthesized discontinuously

Question 9

Protein synthesis in bacteria:

Accepted Answer

A) can occur with several ribosomes attached to the same mRNA molecule 
B) uses very little of a bacterial cell's energy 
C) can occur at the same time as an mRNA is being transcribed 
D) two of the above 
A) can occur with several ribosomes attached to the same mRNA molecule 
B) uses very little of a bacterial cell's energy 
C) can occur at the same time as an mRNA is being transcribed 
D) two of the above

Question 10

Which of the following properties are exclusive to rRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) Combines with specific proteins to form ribosomes 
B) Carries information from DNA for synthesis of a protein 
C) Molecules contain an anticodon 
D) Contains the nucleotide thymine 
A) Combines with specific proteins to form ribosomes 
B) Carries information from DNA for synthesis of a protein 
C) Molecules contain an anticodon 
D) Contains the nucleotide thymine

Question 11

An mRNA molecule contains three nucleotide (triplet)units called _____.

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids 
B) bases 
C) codons 
D) anticodons 
A) amino acids 
B) bases 
C) codons 
D) anticodons

Question 12

Which of the following properties are exclusive to tRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) Combines with specific proteins to form ribosomes 
B) Carries information from DNA for synthesis of a protein 
C) Molecules contain an anticodon 
D) Contains the nucleotide thymine 
A) Combines with specific proteins to form ribosomes 
B) Carries information from DNA for synthesis of a protein 
C) Molecules contain an anticodon 
D) Contains the nucleotide thymine

Question 13

A frameshift mutation occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A) an adenine is inserted into the DNA sequence of an organism 
B) a thymine replaces a guanine in the DNA sequence of an organism 
C) three new bases are inserted into the DNA strand 
D) three bases are deleted from the DNA strand 
A) an adenine is inserted into the DNA sequence of an organism 
B) a thymine replaces a guanine in the DNA sequence of an organism 
C) three new bases are inserted into the DNA strand 
D) three bases are deleted from the DNA strand

Question 14

With regard to the lac operon,which of the following is false under conditions of low (or no)lactose?

Accepted Answer

A) The RNA polymerase cannot transcribe structural genes 
B) The repressor is bound to the operator 
C) Lactose is not bound to the repressor 
D) RNA polymerase can bind to the promoter 
A) The RNA polymerase cannot transcribe structural genes 
B) The repressor is bound to the operator 
C) Lactose is not bound to the repressor 
D) RNA polymerase can bind to the promoter

Question 15

In order for beta-galactosidase,permease and transacetylase to be produced,_____ can perform transcription.

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA 
B) lac operon 
C) repressor proteins 
D) RNA polymerase 
A) mRNA 
B) lac operon 
C) repressor proteins 
D) RNA polymerase

Question 16

The Ames test is used to determine if a chemical:

Accepted Answer

A) increases the rate at which a bacterial cell divides 
B) decreases the number of cells in a culture 
C) induces mutations in a cell's DNA 
D) decreases the ability of a cell to photosynthesize 
A) increases the rate at which a bacterial cell divides 
B) decreases the number of cells in a culture 
C) induces mutations in a cell's DNA 
D) decreases the ability of a cell to photosynthesize

Question 17

Using the lac and trp operons as examples,describe the two control mechanisms for protein synthesis: one based on enzyme induction and the other based on enzyme repression.

Accepted Answer

In the case of the lac operon,when the i

Question 18

Microbial evolutionary biologists have provided evidence against Lamarkian evolution by demonstrating that genetic mutations arise in the absence of selection,rather than being a response to selection.Describe one method for distinguishing between spontaneous and induced mutations (be sure to include the expected results)

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous and induced mutations can be

Question 19

The fluctuation tests done by Luria and Delbruck showed that:

Accepted Answer

A) antibiotics induce the development of resistance in bacteria 
B) the growth of bacteria fluctuates based on the concentration of antibiotics in the media 
C) the concentration of antibiotics fluctuates in response to the number of bacteria in a sample 
D) resistance to antibiotics occurs spontaneously in bacteria 
A) antibiotics induce the development of resistance in bacteria 
B) the growth of bacteria fluctuates based on the concentration of antibiotics in the media 
C) the concentration of antibiotics fluctuates in response to the number of bacteria in a sample 
D) resistance to antibiotics occurs spontaneously in bacteria

Question 20

Messenger RNA:

Accepted Answer

A) is formed in the 3' to 5' direction 
B) is found only in prokaryotes 
C) contains uracil instead of thymine 
D) is synthesized using the enzyme ligase 
A) is formed in the 3' to 5' direction 
B) is found only in prokaryotes 
C) contains uracil instead of thymine 
D) is synthesized using the enzyme ligase

Exam 7: Microbial Genetics

A plasmid is a/an _____.

In eukaryotes,transcription takes place in the ________ while translation takes place in the ________.

tRNA anticodons serve as a link between ______.

Organisms that have lost the ability to synthesize a particular enzyme and which require certain nutrients to be added to their medium to maintain growth are termed:

Genes with different information at the same locus are called _____.

Transcription results in the formation of what type of new molecule?

Bacterial chromosomes:

During DNA replication:

Protein synthesis in bacteria:

Which of the following properties are exclusive to rRNA?

An mRNA molecule contains three nucleotide (triplet)units called _____.

Which of the following properties are exclusive to tRNA?

A frameshift mutation occurs when:

With regard to the lac operon,which of the following is false under conditions of low (or no)lactose?

In order for beta-galactosidase,permease and transacetylase to be produced,_____ can perform transcription.

The Ames test is used to determine if a chemical:

Using the lac and trp operons as examples,describe the two control mechanisms for protein synthesis: one based on enzyme induction and the other based on enzyme repression.

The fluctuation tests done by Luria and Delbruck showed that:

Messenger RNA:

Scope and History of Microbiology

Fundamentals of Chemistry

Microscopy and Staining

Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Essential Concepts of Metabolism

Growth and Culturing of Bacteria

Gene Transfer and Genetic Engineering

An Introduction to Taxonomy: the Bacteria

Viruses

Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Parasites

Sterilization and Disinfection

Antimicrobial Therapy

Host-Microbe Relationships and Disease Processes

Epidemiology and Nosocomial Infections

Innate Host Defenses

Immunology I: Basic Principles of Adaptive Immunity and Immunization

Immunology Ii: Immunological Disorders and Tests

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes; Wounds and Bites

Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Oral and Gastrointestinal Diseases

Cardiovascular, lymphatic and Systemic Disease

Diseases of the Nervous System

Environmental Microbiology

Applied Microbiology

Filters

In eukaryotes,transcription takes place in the while translation takes place in the .