Question 1

During hydrolysis of ATP,it loses a(n)________,which results in an increase in entropy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During hydrolysis of ATP,it loses a(n)________,which results...

Question 2

The negatively charged phosphates of ATP influence one another by

Accepted Answer

A) relative hydration. 
B) charge repulsion. 
C) resonance hybridization. 
D) dehydrogenation. 
E) all of the above 
A) relative hydration. 
B) charge repulsion. 
C) resonance hybridization. 
D) dehydrogenation. 
E) all of the above

Question 3

The ________ is the link between glycolysis in muscle cells and gluconeogenesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ is the link between glycolysis...

Question 4

Resonance ________ describes a condition in which extra electrons are delocalized over all possible bonds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Resonance ________ describes a condition in which...

Question 5

At which enzymatic step of glycolysis is water a product?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 5 
C) 6 
D) 9 
E) 10 
A) 3 
B) 5 
C) 6 
D) 9 
E) 10

Question 6

Three hypothetical phosphorylated compounds (A,B,and C)are involved in energy metabolism.Standard free energies of hydrolysis for A = 13.1 kcal/mol,for B = -2.7 kcal/mol,and for C = 6.7 kcal/mol.
What is the sequence in which these molecules could most exergonically phosphorylate?

Accepted Answer

A) A, B, C 
B) A, C, B 
C) B, C, A 
D) C, B, A 
E) C followed by A or B 
A) A, B, C 
B) A, C, B 
C) B, C, A 
D) C, B, A 
E) C followed by A or B

Question 7

The enzyme ________ is associated with the cytoplasmic portion of the glucose transporter.

Accepted Answer

A) hexokinase 
B) glucose phosphorylase 
C) gluconase 
D) hexose phosphorylase 
E) none of the above 
A) hexokinase 
B) glucose phosphorylase 
C) gluconase 
D) hexose phosphorylase 
E) none of the above

Question 8

How many enzymatic steps are involved in converting glucose to pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 6 
C) 8 
D) 10 
E) 12 
A) 3 
B) 6 
C) 8 
D) 10 
E) 12

Question 9

________ is the direct transfer of a phosphate to ADP,forming ATP.

Accepted Answer

Substrate-

Question 10

When we eat dairy products,we need ________,the enzyme used to hydrolyze ________ into glucose and galactose.In the absence of this enzyme,we may experience cramps and diarrhea,a condition called ________.

Accepted Answer

lactase; l

Question 11

Which of the following is not a final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A) sulfur 
B) hydrogen 
C) iron 
D) nitrate 
E) pyruvate 
A) sulfur 
B) hydrogen 
C) iron 
D) nitrate 
E) pyruvate

Question 12

In the first step of glycolysis,glucose can be phosphorylated because

Accepted Answer

A) a phosphoanhydride bond has higher energy of hydrolysis than a phosphoester bond. 
B) the transfer of a phosphate from ATP to glucose is exergonic. 
C) both the number 2 and 3 carbons can be spontaneously phosphorylated. 
D) the ketosugar is rapidly phosphorylated at the carbon 1 hydroxyl group. 
E) both choices A and B 
A) a phosphoanhydride bond has higher energy of hydrolysis than a phosphoester bond. 
B) the transfer of a phosphate from ATP to glucose is exergonic. 
C) both the number 2 and 3 carbons can be spontaneously phosphorylated. 
D) the ketosugar is rapidly phosphorylated at the carbon 1 hydroxyl group. 
E) both choices A and B

Question 13

Which of the following statements best describes the role of NAD⁺/NADH in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) NADH is used to produce energy by directly creating the phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP. 
B) NAD⁺ is used to carry electrons. 
C) NADH is capable of pumping ions during glycolysis. 
D) NADH is used primarily in substrate-level phosphorylation. 
E) all of the above 
A) NADH is used to produce energy by directly creating the phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP. 
B) NAD⁺ is used to carry electrons. 
C) NADH is capable of pumping ions during glycolysis. 
D) NADH is used primarily in substrate-level phosphorylation. 
E) all of the above

Question 14

The process of glucose synthesis is called

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis. 
B) gluconeogenesis. 
C) aglycolysis. 
D) glucogenesis. 
E) both choices B and C 
A) glycolysis. 
B) gluconeogenesis. 
C) aglycolysis. 
D) glucogenesis. 
E) both choices B and C

Question 15

Oxidation is defined as the removal of ________.In biological systems,these are usually accompanied by protons in a process called ________.

Accepted Answer

electrons;

Question 16

The coenzyme ________ must interact with pyruvate before fermentation by-products are produced.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The coenzyme ________ must interact with pyruvate...

Question 17

Individuals with diabetes mellitis (sugar diabetes)are often asked to avoid consuming sugar.If they do consume sugar,it is recommended that the sugar be fructose rather than sucrose or glucose.
a. From what you know about the absorption and metabolism of sugars,can you suggest why fructose is the preferred sugar for diabetics?
b. Can you suggest why sucrose is not recommended for diabetics?
c. Why would diabetics be urged to avoid foods that are high in starch?

Accepted Answer

a. While glucose is actively transported

Question 18

Glycolytic enzymes also function in which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A) cell division 
B) glycolysis 
C) apoptosis 
D) growth factors 
E) all of the above 
A) cell division 
B) glycolysis 
C) apoptosis 
D) growth factors 
E) all of the above

Question 19

A key regulator of both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is

Accepted Answer

A) hexokinase. 
B) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. 
C) alanine. 
D) coenzyme (Co
A) . 
E) fructose-2, 6-biophosphate. 
A) hexokinase. 
B) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. 
C) alanine. 
D) coenzyme (Co
A) . 
E) fructose-2, 6-biophosphate.

Question 20

Hereditary fructose intolerance is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by the lack of the enzyme aldolase B.Symptoms include convulsions,excessive sleepiness,irritability,vomiting,and hypoglycemia. What intermediate accumulates in these individuals,and how may this be associated with the observed symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Aldolase B is responsible for the conver

Exam 9: Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

During hydrolysis of ATP,it loses a(n)________,which results in an increase in entropy.

The negatively charged phosphates of ATP influence one another by

The ________ is the link between glycolysis in muscle cells and gluconeogenesis.

Resonance ________ describes a condition in which extra electrons are delocalized over all possible bonds.

At which enzymatic step of glycolysis is water a product?

Three hypothetical phosphorylated compounds (A,B,and C)are involved in energy metabolism.Standard free energies of hydrolysis for A = 13.1 kcal/mol,for B = -2.7 kcal/mol,and for C = 6.7 kcal/mol. What is the sequence in which these molecules could most exergonically phosphorylate?

The enzyme ________ is associated with the cytoplasmic portion of the glucose transporter.

How many enzymatic steps are involved in converting glucose to pyruvate?

________ is the direct transfer of a phosphate to ADP,forming ATP.

When we eat dairy products,we need ________,the enzyme used to hydrolyze ________ into glucose and galactose.In the absence of this enzyme,we may experience cramps and diarrhea,a condition called ________.

Which of the following is not a final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

In the first step of glycolysis,glucose can be phosphorylated because

Which of the following statements best describes the role of NAD⁺/NADH in glycolysis?

The process of glucose synthesis is called

Oxidation is defined as the removal of ________.In biological systems,these are usually accompanied by protons in a process called ________.

The coenzyme ________ must interact with pyruvate before fermentation by-products are produced.

Glycolytic enzymes also function in which of the following processes?

A key regulator of both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is

A Preview of the Cell

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure, function, and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: DNA, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

The Cell Cycle, DNA Replication, and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction, meiosis, and Genetic Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Cancer Cells

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When we eat dairy products,we need ,the enzyme used to hydrolyze into glucose and galactose.In the absence of this enzyme,we may experience cramps and diarrhea,a condition called .

Oxidation is defined as the removal of .In biological systems,these are usually accompanied by protons in a process called .