Question 1

How does the tumor microenvironment influence the growth,invasion,and metastasis of tumor cells? Design an experiment that allows you to test your hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

Possible examples include angiogenesis triggered by growth factor release,proteases to facilitate invasion of the basal lamina,etc.
Possible experiments include removal of the factor to change the microenvironment or additon of the factor to the microenvironment.

Question 2

Some cancer cells produce the enzyme ________,which avoids stimulating apoptosis based on the number of cell divisions.

Accepted Answer

telomerase

Question 3

All of the following are ways cancer cells avoid growth and invasion restriction imposed by the immune system except

Accepted Answer

A) they are heterogeneous groups of cells. 
B) cancer cells often respond to density-dependent growth factors. 
C) some cancer cells produce leukotoxins. 
D) some cancers often "hide" in dense supporting tissue. 
E) some cancers produce low levels of surface antigens. 
A) they are heterogeneous groups of cells. 
B) cancer cells often respond to density-dependent growth factors. 
C) some cancer cells produce leukotoxins. 
D) some cancers often "hide" in dense supporting tissue. 
E) some cancers produce low levels of surface antigens. B

Question 4

Which of the following is not a category for the gene product for an oncogene?

Accepted Answer

A) growth factor receptor 
B) nonreceptor protein kinase 
C) transcription factor 
D) glycolytic enzyme 
E) growth factor 
A) growth factor receptor 
B) nonreceptor protein kinase 
C) transcription factor 
D) glycolytic enzyme 
E) growth factor

Question 5

Hereditary retinoblastoma is the result of a(n)________ in the RB gene of chromosome 13 in both homologues.

Accepted Answer

A) insertion 
B) duplication 
C) inversion 
D) point mutation 
E) deletion 
A) insertion 
B) duplication 
C) inversion 
D) point mutation 
E) deletion

Question 6

Aneuploidy (the gain or loss of chromsomes)is associated with which protein molecule in cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

A) pRB 
B) p53 
C) Myc 
D) Blc-2 
E) all of the above 
A) pRB 
B) p53 
C) Myc 
D) Blc-2 
E) all of the above

Question 7

The correct order of events in metastasis of a cancer is

Accepted Answer

A) invasion → angiogenesis → transport → new site 
B) transport → invasion → angiogenesis → new site 
C) transport → angiogenesis → invasion → new site 
D) angiogenesis → invasion → transport → new site 
E) angiogenesis → transport → invasion → new site 
A) invasion → angiogenesis → transport → new site 
B) transport → invasion → angiogenesis → new site 
C) transport → angiogenesis → invasion → new site 
D) angiogenesis → invasion → transport → new site 
E) angiogenesis → transport → invasion → new site

Question 8

Changes in gene action that are often associated with cancer cells are known as ________ changes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Changes in gene action that are often...

Question 9

Match between columns
                        Premises: v-myc
E-cadherin
p53
MYC
v-src
BRCA-1
erbB
v-ras
Cdk4

Accepted Answer

The Answer of proto-oncogene and oncogene and low in invasive is...

Question 10

The most frequently encountered category of cancer is

Accepted Answer

A) carcinoma. 
B) sarcoma. 
C) lymphoma. 
D) leukemia. 
E) both choices C and D 
A) carcinoma. 
B) sarcoma. 
C) lymphoma. 
D) leukemia. 
E) both choices C and D

Question 11

The enzyme ________ breaks down the extracellular matrix to facilitate angiogenesis.

Accepted Answer

matrix met

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true regarding factors associated with the immortalization of cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

A) inhibition of growth 
B) stimulation of apoptosis 
C) telomerase activity 
D) tumor-suppressor activation 
E) both choices B and D 
A) inhibition of growth 
B) stimulation of apoptosis 
C) telomerase activity 
D) tumor-suppressor activation 
E) both choices B and D

Question 13

The ________ virus in chickens was the first association between viral infection and cancer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ virus in chickens was the...

Question 14

Some compounds are themselves not carcinogens,but their metabolic activity on the compound produces intermediates that are carcinogenic. This process is known as

Accepted Answer

A) precarcinogenesis. 
B) carcinogen activation. 
C) metabolic carcinogenesis. 
D) plasminogen activation. 
E) DNA mutagenesis. 
A) precarcinogenesis. 
B) carcinogen activation. 
C) metabolic carcinogenesis. 
D) plasminogen activation. 
E) DNA mutagenesis.

Question 15

The ploidy of cells characteristic of an aneuploid is best represented by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) 2n + 1 
B) n 
C) 2n 
D) 4n 
E) both choices B and C 
A) 2n + 1 
B) n 
C) 2n 
D) 4n 
E) both choices B and C

Question 16

Match between columns
                        Premises: hepatitis B virus
human papilloma virus
Epstein-Barr virus
parasitic flatworms
Helicobacter pylori

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Burkitt's lymphoma and stomach cancer and bladder is...

Question 17

The individual credited for coining the term cancer is

Accepted Answer

A) Paget. 
B) Hippocrates. 
C) Folkman. 
D) Rous. 
E) Aristotle. 
A) Paget. 
B) Hippocrates. 
C) Folkman. 
D) Rous. 
E) Aristotle.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a mechanism whereby proto-oncogenes are converted to oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

A) point mutation 
B) gene amplification 
C) translocation 
D) deletion 
E) silent mutation 
A) point mutation 
B) gene amplification 
C) translocation 
D) deletion 
E) silent mutation

Question 19

Changes in an organism that are the result of changes in gene action(s)are known as

Accepted Answer

A) diseases. 
B) epigenetic. 
C) silencing. 
D) micro-RNA mediated. 
E) all of the above 
A) diseases. 
B) epigenetic. 
C) silencing. 
D) micro-RNA mediated. 
E) all of the above

Question 20

________ is the direct migration and penetration of cancer cells into neighboring tissues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the direct migration and penetration...

Exam 24: Cancer Cells

How does the tumor microenvironment influence the growth,invasion,and metastasis of tumor cells? Design an experiment that allows you to test your hypothesis.

Some cancer cells produce the enzyme ________,which avoids stimulating apoptosis based on the number of cell divisions.

All of the following are ways cancer cells avoid growth and invasion restriction imposed by the immune system except

Which of the following is not a category for the gene product for an oncogene?

Hereditary retinoblastoma is the result of a(n)________ in the RB gene of chromosome 13 in both homologues.

Aneuploidy (the gain or loss of chromsomes)is associated with which protein molecule in cancer cells?

The correct order of events in metastasis of a cancer is

Changes in gene action that are often associated with cancer cells are known as ________ changes.

The most frequently encountered category of cancer is

The enzyme ________ breaks down the extracellular matrix to facilitate angiogenesis.

Which of the following statements is true regarding factors associated with the immortalization of cancer cells?

The ________ virus in chickens was the first association between viral infection and cancer.

Some compounds are themselves not carcinogens,but their metabolic activity on the compound produces intermediates that are carcinogenic. This process is known as

The ploidy of cells characteristic of an aneuploid is best represented by which of the following?

The individual credited for coining the term cancer is

Which of the following is not a mechanism whereby proto-oncogenes are converted to oncogenes?

Changes in an organism that are the result of changes in gene action(s)are known as

________ is the direct migration and penetration of cancer cells into neighboring tissues.

A Preview of the Cell

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure, function, and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: DNA, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

The Cell Cycle, DNA Replication, and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction, meiosis, and Genetic Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

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