Question 1

NAD⁺ contains the B vitamin ________ as part of its structure,whereas FAD contains another B vitamin,________,as part of its structure.

Accepted Answer

niacin; riboflavin

Question 2

Match between columns
                        Premises: complex IV
complex III
complex II
complex I

Accepted Answer

The Answer of oxygen and succinate and ADP and NADH is...

Question 3

In eukaryotes,pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA

Accepted Answer

A) in the cellular cytosol. 
B) when passing through the mitochondrial outer membrane. 
C) in the intermembrane space. 
D) when passing the mitochondrial cristae. 
E) in the mitochondrial matrix. 
A) in the cellular cytosol. 
B) when passing through the mitochondrial outer membrane. 
C) in the intermembrane space. 
D) when passing the mitochondrial cristae. 
E) in the mitochondrial matrix. E

Question 4

Which of the following statements is not true of the TCA cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxidation occurs at three steps in the TCA cycle. 
B) Decarboxylation occurs at two steps in the TCA cycle. 
C) ATP/GTP is generated at one point by substrate-level phosphorylation. 
D) Acetate enters the TCA cycle and joins a four-carbon acceptor molecule to form citrate. 
E) FAD is an electron acceptor in the cycle. 
A) Oxidation occurs at three steps in the TCA cycle. 
B) Decarboxylation occurs at two steps in the TCA cycle. 
C) ATP/GTP is generated at one point by substrate-level phosphorylation. 
D) Acetate enters the TCA cycle and joins a four-carbon acceptor molecule to form citrate. 
E) FAD is an electron acceptor in the cycle.

Question 5

If a eukaryotic organism does not depend on fatty acids as an energy source,one would expect to find β-oxidation activity associated with which of the following organelles?

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasm 
B) mitochondrion 
C) peroxisome 
D) ribosome 
E) cell membrane 
A) cytoplasm 
B) mitochondrion 
C) peroxisome 
D) ribosome 
E) cell membrane

Question 6

Of the following enzymes associated with the TCA cycle,which of the following enzymes is not under allosteric regulation?

Accepted Answer

A) isocitrate dehydrogenase 
B) α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase 
C) malate dehydrogenase 
D) fumarate hydratase 
E) pyruvate dehydrogenase complex 
A) isocitrate dehydrogenase 
B) α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase 
C) malate dehydrogenase 
D) fumarate hydratase 
E) pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Question 7

The condition known as ketosis is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) depleted ketobody levels 
B) depleted CoA levels 
C) fat oxidation to CO₂. 
D) increases in blood pH 
E) both choices A and D 
A) depleted ketobody levels 
B) depleted CoA levels 
C) fat oxidation to CO₂. 
D) increases in blood pH 
E) both choices A and D

Question 8

Protruding from the inner membrane of the mitochondria into the matrix are knoblike spheres called ________ complexes,which are attached by a short protein stalk to a(n)________ complex. Together these complexes are referred to as the ________ complex.

Accepted Answer

F₁; Fo; Fo

Question 9

Multiple protein complexes associated with the cellular respiration are known as

Accepted Answer

A) Q cycles. 
B) chemiosmotic coupling complexes. 
C) Fe-S centers. 
D) respirasomes. 
E) synthesomes. 
A) Q cycles. 
B) chemiosmotic coupling complexes. 
C) Fe-S centers. 
D) respirasomes. 
E) synthesomes.

Question 10

Multiprotein respiratory complexes,known as ________,function to minimize diffusion distances and facilitate electron flow between the rspiratory complexes.

Accepted Answer

respirasom

Question 11

Proton gradients are generated by all of the following complexes except

Accepted Answer

A) complex I. 
B) complex II. 
C) complex III. 
D) complex IV. 
E) coenzyme Q. 
A) complex I. 
B) complex II. 
C) complex III. 
D) complex IV. 
E) coenzyme Q.

Question 12

Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA by a unique enzyme known as

Accepted Answer

A) pyruvate decarboxylase. 
B) pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. 
C) transitionase system. 
D) multiplex enzyme system. 
E) pyruvate CoA transferase. 
A) pyruvate decarboxylase. 
B) pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. 
C) transitionase system. 
D) multiplex enzyme system. 
E) pyruvate CoA transferase.

Question 13

The ________ (TCA)cycle is also known as the ________ cycle after the individual whose laboratory elucidated the sequence in the 1930s.

Accepted Answer

tricarboxy

Question 14

Pyruvate passes freely across some intracellular membranes.The membranes of the ________ must be crossed by pyruvate prior to its oxidation during respiration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pyruvate passes freely across some intracellular membranes.The...

Question 15

During which of the following steps of the TCA cycle does substrate-level phosphorylation take place?

Accepted Answer

A) TCA-2 
B) TCA-3 
C) TCA-4 
D) TCA-5 
E) TCA-6 
A) TCA-2 
B) TCA-3 
C) TCA-4 
D) TCA-5 
E) TCA-6

Question 16

In brown fat,________ present in the inner mitochondrial membrane uncouples ATP synthesis from electron transport in infants and other newborn mammals.

Accepted Answer

A) thermogenin 
B) fluorocitrate 
C) coenzyme A 
D) submitochondrial particles 
E) respirasomes 
A) thermogenin 
B) fluorocitrate 
C) coenzyme A 
D) submitochondrial particles 
E) respirasomes

Question 17

Thermogenin and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)are both uncoupling agents. Thermogenin is found in newborn animals and some adult mammals.DNP was marketed in the 1930s as a diet pill.However,DNP treatment not only resulted in weight loss but also death of the patient.Based on this information,how do uncouplers disrupt electron transport/chemiosmosis? Why do thermogenin and DNP result in such different outcomes when both work via a similar mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Uncoupling agents disrupt the ability to

Question 18

Which of the following is not a product of the TCA cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) CO₂ 
B) ATP 
C) NADH 
D) acetyl CoA 
E) FADH₂ 
A) CO₂ 
B) ATP 
C) NADH 
D) acetyl CoA 
E) FADH₂

Question 19

The maximum yield of ATP per molecule of glucose in eukaryotic cells is 36 or 38 ATP.In prokaryotic cells,the maximum yield is 38 ATP.
a. From what you know about prokaryotes and eukaryotes,suggest why there is a difference in maximum ATP production.
b. The yield of ATP varies in eukaryotes from 36 to 38 ATP.Why is there a variation?
c. Why is ATP yield clarified with "maximum"?

Accepted Answer

a. Prokaryotes do not have inner membran

Question 20

The Q cycle

Accepted Answer

A) allows for the movement of protons without additional electrons. 
B) is associated with complex I. 
C) mediates the transfer of electrons to oxygen. 
D) accounts for the generation of superoxide. 
E) all of the above 
A) allows for the movement of protons without additional electrons. 
B) is associated with complex I. 
C) mediates the transfer of electrons to oxygen. 
D) accounts for the generation of superoxide. 
E) all of the above

Exam 10: Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

NAD⁺ contains the B vitamin ________ as part of its structure,whereas FAD contains another B vitamin,________,as part of its structure.

In eukaryotes,pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA

Which of the following statements is not true of the TCA cycle?

If a eukaryotic organism does not depend on fatty acids as an energy source,one would expect to find β-oxidation activity associated with which of the following organelles?

Of the following enzymes associated with the TCA cycle,which of the following enzymes is not under allosteric regulation?

The condition known as ketosis is characterized by

Protruding from the inner membrane of the mitochondria into the matrix are knoblike spheres called ________ complexes,which are attached by a short protein stalk to a(n)________ complex. Together these complexes are referred to as the ________ complex.

Multiple protein complexes associated with the cellular respiration are known as

Multiprotein respiratory complexes,known as ________,function to minimize diffusion distances and facilitate electron flow between the rspiratory complexes.

Proton gradients are generated by all of the following complexes except

Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA by a unique enzyme known as

The ________ (TCA)cycle is also known as the ________ cycle after the individual whose laboratory elucidated the sequence in the 1930s.

Pyruvate passes freely across some intracellular membranes.The membranes of the ________ must be crossed by pyruvate prior to its oxidation during respiration.

During which of the following steps of the TCA cycle does substrate-level phosphorylation take place?

In brown fat,________ present in the inner mitochondrial membrane uncouples ATP synthesis from electron transport in infants and other newborn mammals.

Which of the following is not a product of the TCA cycle?

The Q cycle

A Preview of the Cell

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure, function, and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: DNA, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

The Cell Cycle, DNA Replication, and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction, meiosis, and Genetic Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Cancer Cells

Filters

NAD⁺ contains the B vitamin as part of its structure,whereas FAD contains another B vitamin,,as part of its structure.

Protruding from the inner membrane of the mitochondria into the matrix are knoblike spheres called complexes,which are attached by a short protein stalk to a(n) complex. Together these complexes are referred to as the complex.

The (TCA)cycle is also known as the cycle after the individual whose laboratory elucidated the sequence in the 1930s.