Question 1

According to your text,glycolysis is divided into three phases.In which phase of glycolysis is ATP not generated?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 1 and 2 
E) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 1 and 2 
E) 1, 2, and 3 A

Question 2

Within animal cells,glycolysis and gluconeogenesis must not occur at the same time.Therefore,regulation is important.Which of the following molecules is least important in the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A) NADH 
B) fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 
C) ATP/ADP 
D) acetyl CoA 
E) phosphofructokinase-2 
A) NADH 
B) fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 
C) ATP/ADP 
D) acetyl CoA 
E) phosphofructokinase-2 A

Question 3

You are studying carbohydrate metabolism in a newly identified bacterial species,which you note grows exclusively on carbohydrate sucrose. How would the sucrose (a disaccharide)be utilized exclusively in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose is cleaved into glucose and fructose. Both monosaccharides can directly enter the glycolytic pathway as glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate,respectively.

Question 4

The cycle in which lactate is removed from muscle tissue and returned to the liver to produce glucose is called

Accepted Answer

A) gluconeogenesis. 
B) glycolysis. 
C) fermentation. 
D) the Calvin cycle. 
E) the pyruvate recovery cycle. 
A) gluconeogenesis. 
B) glycolysis. 
C) fermentation. 
D) the Calvin cycle. 
E) the pyruvate recovery cycle.

Question 5

________ (NAD⁺)is the most common coenzyme involved in energy metabolism.

Accepted Answer

Nicotinami

Question 6

Which of the following is true of NAD⁺?

Accepted Answer

A) It is derived from vitamin E. 
B) It serves as an electron source for biological oxidation. 
C) It is a coenzyme. 
D) It releases an adenosine to become NADH. 
E) It represents the reduced form of niacin. 
A) It is derived from vitamin E. 
B) It serves as an electron source for biological oxidation. 
C) It is a coenzyme. 
D) It releases an adenosine to become NADH. 
E) It represents the reduced form of niacin.

Question 7

During strenuous exercise,you may notice that your muscles burn.Which of the following statements best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) Proteins are being digested to provide energy. 
B) Carbon dioxide is building up in muscle and changing the pH. 
C) Without oxygen, pyruvate is being converted to lactic acid. 
D) ADP is accumulating, which produces a burning sensation. 
E) Pyruvic acid causes muscle pain. 
A) Proteins are being digested to provide energy. 
B) Carbon dioxide is building up in muscle and changing the pH. 
C) Without oxygen, pyruvate is being converted to lactic acid. 
D) ADP is accumulating, which produces a burning sensation. 
E) Pyruvic acid causes muscle pain.

Question 8

Both the phosphorylation of intermediates and the formation of ATP in glycolysis are examples of

Accepted Answer

A) substrate-level phosphorylation. 
B) product-level phosphorylation. 
C) oxidative phosphorylation. 
D) anabolic phosphorylation. 
E) aerobic phosphorylation. 
A) substrate-level phosphorylation. 
B) product-level phosphorylation. 
C) oxidative phosphorylation. 
D) anabolic phosphorylation. 
E) aerobic phosphorylation.

Question 9

Reduction is defined as the addition of ________.In biological systems,these are usually accompanied by protons in a process called ________.

Accepted Answer

electrons;

Question 10

The enzyme used to break down fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two trioses is called

Accepted Answer

A) hexokinase. 
B) phosphoglucoisomerase. 
C) triose phosphate isomerase. 
D) enolase. 
E) aldolase. 
A) hexokinase. 
B) phosphoglucoisomerase. 
C) triose phosphate isomerase. 
D) enolase. 
E) aldolase.

Question 11

The gross output of ATP from glycolysis is ________,whereas the net output of ATP is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) 2; 1 
B) 4; 2 
C) 4; 1 
D) 6; 4 
E) 2; 4 
A) 2; 1 
B) 4; 2 
C) 4; 1 
D) 6; 4 
E) 2; 4

Question 12

A phosphoanhydride bond

Accepted Answer

A) is a high-energy bond. 
B) has a standard free energy of hydrolysis of -7.3 kcal/mol. 
C) is broken by hydrolysis. 
D) both choices A and B 
E) choices A, B, and C 
A) is a high-energy bond. 
B) has a standard free energy of hydrolysis of -7.3 kcal/mol. 
C) is broken by hydrolysis. 
D) both choices A and B 
E) choices A, B, and C

Question 13

Match between columns
                        Premises: oxaloacetate
fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
pyruvate
glucose-6-phosphate
2-phosphoglycerate

Accepted Answer

The Answer of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate carboxylase is...

Question 14

During the first phase of glycolysis,ATP is used to form what type of bond with glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphoester 
B) phosphoanhydride 
C) substrate-level phosphorylation 
D) dehydrogenation 
E) hydrogenation 
A) phosphoester 
B) phosphoanhydride 
C) substrate-level phosphorylation 
D) dehydrogenation 
E) hydrogenation

Question 15

Which of the following is not a fate of pyruvate within a cell?

Accepted Answer

A) fermentation 
B) anaerobic respiration 
C) gluconeogenesis 
D) alanine biosynthesis 
E) all of the above 
A) fermentation 
B) anaerobic respiration 
C) gluconeogenesis 
D) alanine biosynthesis 
E) all of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is not a fermentation product?

Accepted Answer

A) ethanol 
B) lactate 
C) propionate 
D) dihydroxyacetone 
E) butyrate 
A) ethanol 
B) lactate 
C) propionate 
D) dihydroxyacetone 
E) butyrate

Question 17

The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate by a cell is an example of a(n)________ reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) anabolic 
B) aerobic 
C) catabolic 
D) amphibolic 
E) synthesis 
A) anabolic 
B) aerobic 
C) catabolic 
D) amphibolic 
E) synthesis

Question 18

Compare and contrast ethanol and lactic acid fermentation pathways.

Accepted Answer

Both pathways are a means whereby NAD+ i

Question 19

Which of the following is not a product of fermentation?

Accepted Answer

A) lactate 
B) CO₂ 
C) ethanol 
D) NAD⁺ 
E) sucrose 
A) lactate 
B) CO₂ 
C) ethanol 
D) NAD⁺ 
E) sucrose

Question 20

Which glycolytic enzyme uses ATP as a substrate?

Accepted Answer

A) alcohol dehydrogenase 
B) phosphoglucoisomerase 
C) aldolase 
D) hexokinase 
E) triose phosphate isomerase 
A) alcohol dehydrogenase 
B) phosphoglucoisomerase 
C) aldolase 
D) hexokinase 
E) triose phosphate isomerase

Exam 9: Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

According to your text,glycolysis is divided into three phases.In which phase of glycolysis is ATP not generated?

Within animal cells,glycolysis and gluconeogenesis must not occur at the same time.Therefore,regulation is important.Which of the following molecules is least important in the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?

You are studying carbohydrate metabolism in a newly identified bacterial species,which you note grows exclusively on carbohydrate sucrose. How would the sucrose (a disaccharide)be utilized exclusively in glycolysis?

The cycle in which lactate is removed from muscle tissue and returned to the liver to produce glucose is called

________ (NAD⁺)is the most common coenzyme involved in energy metabolism.

Which of the following is true of NAD⁺?

During strenuous exercise,you may notice that your muscles burn.Which of the following statements best explains this phenomenon?

Both the phosphorylation of intermediates and the formation of ATP in glycolysis are examples of

Reduction is defined as the addition of ________.In biological systems,these are usually accompanied by protons in a process called ________.

The enzyme used to break down fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two trioses is called

The gross output of ATP from glycolysis is ________,whereas the net output of ATP is ________.

A phosphoanhydride bond

During the first phase of glycolysis,ATP is used to form what type of bond with glucose?

Which of the following is not a fate of pyruvate within a cell?

Which of the following is not a fermentation product?

The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate by a cell is an example of a(n)________ reaction.

Compare and contrast ethanol and lactic acid fermentation pathways.

Which of the following is not a product of fermentation?

Which glycolytic enzyme uses ATP as a substrate?

A Preview of the Cell

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure, function, and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: DNA, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

The Cell Cycle, DNA Replication, and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction, meiosis, and Genetic Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Cancer Cells

Filters

Reduction is defined as the addition of .In biological systems,these are usually accompanied by protons in a process called .

The gross output of ATP from glycolysis is ,whereas the net output of ATP is .