Exam 9: Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Galactosemia is a genetic defect in which an individual is unable to correctly metabolize galactose.This results in high galactose levels in the blood and galactose-1-phosphate in the tissues. a. If you were a physician treating a person with this genetic disorder,what suggestions would you make to avoid high galactose levels in the blood? b. Galactosemia is often a problem in infants.Why would infants be more likely to develop galactosemia? c. From what you know about the metabolism of galactose can you suggest why galactosemia is more common than fructosemia? d. Galactosemia is a genetic defect that results from a mutation that results in high levels of galactose-1-phosphate in the blood.The individual is unable to make fully functioning enzymes to metabolize galactose but can still metabolize starch and glycogen.Can you suggest a possible candidate for the flawed enzyme?

Oxygen is toxic to

Glucose is transported in the bloodstream to cells in all parts of your body.In cells,glucose has four main fates.Which of the following is not one of those fates?

Which of the following best describes the special "high-energy" bond of ATP?

Oxidation in biological systems is usually accompanied by

All of the following are coenzymes except

Which term best describes the nitrogenous base adenine plus the sugar ribose?

________ describes an organism that can function in an aerobic or anaerobic environment.

All of the following are directly used as alternative substrates for glycolysis except

Pyruvate is the end-product of glycolysis.Many organisms,such as anaerobic bacteria,can only produce energy by glycolysis; therefore,pyruvate has no more potential for ATP generation for these organisms.Rather than simply excrete pyruvate,this molecule is changed to another molecule such as lactate.In these organisms,why is pyruvate changed to lactate and excreted,rather than simply excreted?

Which of the following is not an allosteric inhibitor of an enzyme in the glycolytic pathway?

Glycolytic enzymes have been found to have roles in all of the following except

The three reasons that phosphoanhydride bonds are so exergonic are: ________,________,and ________.

Glycolysis,also called the ________ pathway,is a ________-step reaction sequence that converts glucose into ________.

An energy-liberating pathway is considered to be

The purpose of the fermentation process is the

In mammals,four isomers of the glycolytic enzyme ________ have increased expression in tumor cells.

In glycolysis,the product(s)of the enzyme aldolase is (are)

In glycolysis,which of the following molecules is oxidized to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?