Question 1

Most cancers are

Accepted Answer

A) environmentally triggered. 
B) the result of life style. 
C) inherited. 
D) viral infections. 
E) both choices A and B 
A) environmentally triggered. 
B) the result of life style. 
C) inherited. 
D) viral infections. 
E) both choices A and B

Question 2

Judah Folkman used which model to discern the relationship between tumor growth and angiogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A) rabbit eye 
B) thymus tissue 
C) bone marrow 
D) mouse skin 
E) in vitro cells 
A) rabbit eye 
B) thymus tissue 
C) bone marrow 
D) mouse skin 
E) in vitro cells

Question 3

Some ________ influence histone modification reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) microRNAs 
B) histones 
C) p53 genes 
D) scaffolding proteins 
E) tumor suppressors 
A) microRNAs 
B) histones 
C) p53 genes 
D) scaffolding proteins 
E) tumor suppressors

Question 4

How are cancer cells able to evade the immune system and thus able to proliferate seemingly uncontrolled?

Accepted Answer

Answers need to include having antigenic

Question 5

The viral oncogene associated with the Rous sarcoma virus is

Accepted Answer

A) RAS. 
B) p53. 
C) ERBB-2. 
D) SIS. 
E) SRC. 
A) RAS. 
B) p53. 
C) ERBB-2. 
D) SIS. 
E) SRC.

Question 6

The promotion phase of carcinogenesis refers to

Accepted Answer

A) enhanced levels or exposures to a carcinogen 
B) metabolic oxidation by a P₄₅₀ cytochrome 
C) normal cell progression to a precancerous cell 
D) precancerous cell progression to a cancerous cell 
E) the amount of DNA damage in a cell 
A) enhanced levels or exposures to a carcinogen 
B) metabolic oxidation by a P₄₅₀ cytochrome 
C) normal cell progression to a precancerous cell 
D) precancerous cell progression to a cancerous cell 
E) the amount of DNA damage in a cell

Question 7

Genes that,when present,trigger the development of cancer are known as

Accepted Answer

A) tumor suppressor genes. 
B) oncogenes. 
C) proto-oncogenes. 
D) apoptosis genes. 
E)  p53. 
A) tumor suppressor genes. 
B) oncogenes. 
C) proto-oncogenes. 
D) apoptosis genes. 
E)  p53.

Question 8

Telomere integrity in cancer cells is the result of

Accepted Answer

A) natural cell aging. 
B) active telomerase activity. 
C) exchange of DNA between chromosomes. 
D) viral infection. 
E) both choices B and C 
A) natural cell aging. 
B) active telomerase activity. 
C) exchange of DNA between chromosomes. 
D) viral infection. 
E) both choices B and C

Question 9

________ are cancers that originate in epithelial cells and comprise 90% of all cancers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ are cancers that originate in epithelial...

Question 10

Which of the following viruses has not been determined to be associated with a particular type of cancer?

Accepted Answer

A) mimivirus 
B) hepatitis B virus 
C) Epstein-Barr virus 
D) human papilloma virus 
E) hepatitis C virus 
A) mimivirus 
B) hepatitis B virus 
C) Epstein-Barr virus 
D) human papilloma virus 
E) hepatitis C virus

Question 11

The first documentation of a viral infection causing oncogenesis was established with

Accepted Answer

A) Rous sarcoma virus in chickens. 
B) Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt's lymphoma. 
C) hepatitis B in liver cancer. 
D) HIV in humans. 
E) human papilloma virus in cervical cancer. 
A) Rous sarcoma virus in chickens. 
B) Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt's lymphoma. 
C) hepatitis B in liver cancer. 
D) HIV in humans. 
E) human papilloma virus in cervical cancer.

Question 12

The normal RB gene functions as

Accepted Answer

A) an activator of transcription. 
B) a proto-oncogene. 
C) an activator of translation. 
D) a cell surface receptor. 
E) an inhibitor of transcription. 
A) an activator of transcription. 
B) a proto-oncogene. 
C) an activator of translation. 
D) a cell surface receptor. 
E) an inhibitor of transcription.

Question 13

A tumor is actively producing both VEGF and FGF,factors associated with angiogenesis. However,no network of blood vessels to the tumor has been established in spite of the fact that blood vessels are nearby. This observation most likely suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) the VEGF and FGF are not functional. 
B) angiogenesis inhibitors are in greater concentration. 
C) only one of the molecules is active, not both. 
D) angiostatin is not produced by the cancer cells. 
E) the tumor is metastatic. 
A) the VEGF and FGF are not functional. 
B) angiogenesis inhibitors are in greater concentration. 
C) only one of the molecules is active, not both. 
D) angiostatin is not produced by the cancer cells. 
E) the tumor is metastatic.

Question 14

Based on your knowledge of cancer and carcinogenesis,address the following:
a)What type of mutation would be directly expressed,and therefore dominant,in the development of cancer? Why?
b)What type of mutation would be expressed as a recessive trait in the development of cancer? Why?
c)Based upon your previous answers,how would you treat these situations using a gene therapy approach?

Accepted Answer

a)proto-oncogenes
b)tumor suppressor gen

Question 15

A ________ is a cancer of blood cells in which the cells proliferate in the bloodstream.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ is a cancer of blood...

Question 16

An ________ is the result of an alteration of gene expression rather than a mutation of a gene.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An ________ is the result of an...

Question 17

In some forms of breast cancer,estrogen is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) initiator. 
B) promoter. 
C) progressor. 
D) inhibitor. 
E) mutagen. 
A) initiator. 
B) promoter. 
C) progressor. 
D) inhibitor. 
E) mutagen.

Question 18

How does genetic instability arise,and how might you test your hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Genetic instability can arise by disrupt

Question 19

Epidemiologists at the CDC in Atlanta,GA,have called you in to investigate an increased incidence of leukemia in a remote region of Africa. Shortly after arriving,an RNA virus was isolated from patients and found to induce leukemia in mice. At this point you don't know the mechanism or viral gene product associated with the development of leukemia. One of your lab assistants has isolated a variant of the virus and reports that this variant is missing a portion (20%)of the genome of the original virus. Furthermore,this variant does not induce leukemia in mice.
a)How would you determine which portion of the genome is associated with the development of leukemia?
b)How would you determine the viral mechanism and product associated with the development of leukemia?

Accepted Answer

a)DNA sequence comparisons bet

Question 20

A cell that has lost its capacity to grow in vitro as a monolayer is now

Accepted Answer

A) benign. 
B) malignant. 
C) transformed. 
D) anchorage independent. 
E) free ranging. 
A) benign. 
B) malignant. 
C) transformed. 
D) anchorage independent. 
E) free ranging.

Exam 24: Cancer Cells

Most cancers are

Judah Folkman used which model to discern the relationship between tumor growth and angiogenesis?

Some ________ influence histone modification reactions.

How are cancer cells able to evade the immune system and thus able to proliferate seemingly uncontrolled?

The viral oncogene associated with the Rous sarcoma virus is

The promotion phase of carcinogenesis refers to

Genes that,when present,trigger the development of cancer are known as

Telomere integrity in cancer cells is the result of

________ are cancers that originate in epithelial cells and comprise 90% of all cancers.

Which of the following viruses has not been determined to be associated with a particular type of cancer?

The first documentation of a viral infection causing oncogenesis was established with

The normal RB gene functions as

A tumor is actively producing both VEGF and FGF,factors associated with angiogenesis. However,no network of blood vessels to the tumor has been established in spite of the fact that blood vessels are nearby. This observation most likely suggests that

A ________ is a cancer of blood cells in which the cells proliferate in the bloodstream.

An ________ is the result of an alteration of gene expression rather than a mutation of a gene.

In some forms of breast cancer,estrogen is a(n)

How does genetic instability arise,and how might you test your hypothesis?

A cell that has lost its capacity to grow in vitro as a monolayer is now

A Preview of the Cell

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure, function, and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: DNA, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

The Cell Cycle, DNA Replication, and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction, meiosis, and Genetic Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

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