Exam 3: Social Cognition

The _____________ heuristic refers to the notion that we use a number as a starting point on which to anchor our judgment.

Describe how schemas are activated. Once schemas are activated, how do they influence our processing and interpretation of subsequent information we encounter in the social world?

Which of the following is an example of the availability heuristic?

Jane is in a very good mood. According to the mood congruence effect, what information from her day will Jane be more likely to remember?

When you base a conclusion about a situation on the framework in which it is presented, you are using the _____________ heuristic.

Schemas can influence decisions only if you are aware that you have been primed.

In a study by Bargh and colleagues (1996) participants were exposed to stereotypes about the elderly through a scrambled sentence task. What was their main finding?

Briefly define the availability heuristic. Provide an example.

_____________ is a type of schema in which we apply generalized information to an individual based on the group to which he or she belongs.

When Madndel and Dhami (2005) asked prisoners to focus on counterfactuals to being caught for their current offense, the prisoners reported:

Which of the following statements about schemas is NOT true?

You have developed a new medical device that can diagnose a deadly disease with 80% accuracy. According to information on the framing heuristic, which of the following is the LEAST effective way to present this new device to doctors?

Under which of the following circumstances are you more likely to rely on heuristics?

The optimistic bias would explain why Sarah, a graduating student, believes she will be less likely than her peers to experience hardship from a difficult job market.

Katherine believes she will earn a higher salary than her classmates once she's out of university and that she is less likely to incur any financial problems. Katherine is exhibiting:

Andrew is in a very bad mood. According to the mood congruence effect, what information from his day will Andrew be more likely to remember?

The representativeness heuristic is a rule used to estimate the likelihood of an event based on how well it fits with your expectations of a model for that event.

Which of the following would NOT be considered a consequence of being in a good mood?

Langer (1975) assigned participants a lottery number, or invited participants to choose a number themselves. Participants were then asked if they would sell their tickets back, and for what price. The results showed that:

What is the anchoring and adjustment heuristic? How can anchors influence our moods or outlook on life? Refer to an experiment from your text to support your argument.