Question 1

Which of the following is a common problem with survey research?​

Accepted Answer

A) Not enough people agree to answer the survey questions. 
B) ​Many people express unconsidered or ill-informed opinions. 
C) ​Most surveys have too many independent variables. 
D) ​Most surveys have too many dependent variables. 
A) Not enough people agree to answer the survey questions. 
B) ​Many people express unconsidered or ill-informed opinions. 
C) ​Most surveys have too many independent variables. 
D) ​Most surveys have too many dependent variables.

Question 2

Because students who took a calculus course do better in biology than students who did not take calculus,a researcher concludes that understanding calculus is helpful for understanding biology.What is wrong with this study?​

Accepted Answer

A) Calculus is a more difficult subject than biology. 
B) ​Biology is a more difficult subject than calculus. 
C) ​The research had too many independent variables. 
D) ​Students were not randomly assigned to groups. 
A) Calculus is a more difficult subject than biology. 
B) ​Biology is a more difficult subject than calculus. 
C) ​The research had too many independent variables. 
D) ​Students were not randomly assigned to groups.

Question 3

Deliria and her sister Oblivia remember all the times their horoscopes seemed right,but they forget the times they were wrong.What is the result?​

Accepted Answer

A) A negative correlation 
B) ​A positive correlation 
C) ​An illusory correlation 
D) ​A significant correlation 
A) A negative correlation 
B) ​A positive correlation 
C) ​An illusory correlation 
D) ​A significant correlation

Question 4

A good scientific theory SHOULD have which of the following features?​

Accepted Answer

A) It is based on many complex assumptions.​ 
B) ​It makes falsifiable predictions. 
C) ​It can agree with almost any observation. 
D) ​It is based on illusory correlations. 
A) It is based on many complex assumptions.​ 
B) ​It makes falsifiable predictions. 
C) ​It can agree with almost any observation. 
D) ​It is based on illusory correlations.

Question 5

What do we call the cues that hint to the research participants what the experimenter hopes to find?​

Accepted Answer

A) Demand characteristics 
B) ​Independent variables 
C) ​Dependent variables 
D) ​Correlation coefficients 
A) Demand characteristics 
B) ​Independent variables 
C) ​Dependent variables 
D) ​Correlation coefficients

Question 6

People who exercise regularly have a lower probability of becoming depressed.Therefore the correlation between exercise and depression is what?​

Accepted Answer

A) Positive 
B) ​Negative 
C) ​Zero 
D) ​Unknown 
A) Positive 
B) ​Negative 
C) ​Zero 
D) ​Unknown

Question 7

In certain studies with rats,female scientists get consistently different results from those of male scientists.Why?​

Accepted Answer

A) Female scientists tend to talk more than male scientists do. 
B) ​On average, female scientists tend to be more afraid of the rats. 
C) ​On average, male scientists handle the rats more roughly. 
D) ​Rats produce a stress response to the smell of male scientists. 
A) Female scientists tend to talk more than male scientists do. 
B) ​On average, female scientists tend to be more afraid of the rats. 
C) ​On average, male scientists handle the rats more roughly. 
D) ​Rats produce a stress response to the smell of male scientists.

Question 8

Which of the following is an operational definition of "grief"?​

Accepted Answer

A) A synonym for bereavement 
B) ​A feeling of sadness and loneliness 
C) ​The consequence of the loss of a loved one 
D) ​The number of tears shed per day 
A) A synonym for bereavement 
B) ​A feeling of sadness and loneliness 
C) ​The consequence of the loss of a loved one 
D) ​The number of tears shed per day

Question 9

Which of the following is an operational definition of "religiousness"?​

Accepted Answer

A) A belief in a supreme being 
B) ​The opposite of atheism 
C) ​The frequency of attending worship services 
D) ​A deep sense of oneness with the universe 
A) A belief in a supreme being 
B) ​The opposite of atheism 
C) ​The frequency of attending worship services 
D) ​A deep sense of oneness with the universe

Question 10

Why do researchers try to replicate a result,especially a surprising one?​

Accepted Answer

A) To guard against accidental findings​ 
B) ​To determine whether it is statistically significant 
C) ​To increase the number of practical applications 
D) ​To compete against the original researchers 
A) To guard against accidental findings​ 
B) ​To determine whether it is statistically significant 
C) ​To increase the number of practical applications 
D) ​To compete against the original researchers

Question 11

An Institutional Review Board provides what function in research?​

Accepted Answer

A) It maintains records about which people participated in which study. 
B) ​It pays the people who participate in a research study. 
C) ​It decides which studies are or are not ethical. 
D) ​It provides a list of the people who are willing to participate in research. 
A) It maintains records about which people participated in which study. 
B) ​It pays the people who participate in a research study. 
C) ​It decides which studies are or are not ethical. 
D) ​It provides a list of the people who are willing to participate in research.

Question 12

Why is an anecdote NOT considered strong evidence?​

Accepted Answer

A) Most people do not experience anecdotes. 
B) ​When people do experience anecdotes, they don't remember them. 
C) ​An anecdote is a demand characteristic. 
D) ​An anecdote could have occurred by accident. 
A) Most people do not experience anecdotes. 
B) ​When people do experience anecdotes, they don't remember them. 
C) ​An anecdote is a demand characteristic. 
D) ​An anecdote could have occurred by accident.

Question 13

The professor says Angela missed class.Angela says she was there,but aliens from outer space caused her to be invisible.Why do we prefer the professor's account of the event?​

Accepted Answer

A) It is more open-minded. 
B) ​It is more parsimonious. 
C) ​It is more correlational. 
D) ​It is more psychoanalytic. 
A) It is more open-minded. 
B) ​It is more parsimonious. 
C) ​It is more correlational. 
D) ​It is more psychoanalytic.

Question 14

In which type of study would participants be randomly assigned to groups?​

Accepted Answer

A) A case history 
B) ​A survey 
C) ​An experiment 
D) ​A correlational study 
A) A case history 
B) ​A survey 
C) ​An experiment 
D) ​A correlational study

Question 15

If variables A and B have a strong positive correlation,which of these,if any,can we conclude?​

Accepted Answer

A) A causes B. 
B) ​B causes A. 
C) ​Something else causes both A and B. 
D) ​We cannot draw any of these conclusions. 
A) A causes B. 
B) ​B causes A. 
C) ​Something else causes both A and B. 
D) ​We cannot draw any of these conclusions.

Question 16

Why is an anecdote not considered strong evidence?​

Accepted Answer

A) An anecdote is part of an experiment. 
B) ​An anecdote is not replicable. 
C) ​An anecdote is falsifiable. 
D) ​An anecdote is observed in a double-blind manner. 
A) An anecdote is part of an experiment. 
B) ​An anecdote is not replicable. 
C) ​An anecdote is falsifiable. 
D) ​An anecdote is observed in a double-blind manner.

Question 17

In an early study,an investigator trying to demonstrate Lamarckian evolution tested rats' ability to learn a swimming maze,and then bred those rats and demonstrated that the next generation learned faster.What conclusion did the research support,if any?​

Accepted Answer

A) When rats learn something, their offspring inherit the knowledge. 
B) ​Breeding rats in a laboratory enables them to evolve greater intelligence. 
C) ​Rats learn faster in a swimming maze than they do in a walking maze. 
D) ​The results did not lead to a conclusion, because of the absence of a control group. 
A) When rats learn something, their offspring inherit the knowledge. 
B) ​Breeding rats in a laboratory enables them to evolve greater intelligence. 
C) ​Rats learn faster in a swimming maze than they do in a walking maze. 
D) ​The results did not lead to a conclusion, because of the absence of a control group.

Question 18

A store plays background music on some days,randomly chosen,and none on other days.It compares sales on the two kinds of days.What is the independent variable in this experiment?​

Accepted Answer

A) The workers in the store 
B) ​The volume of sales 
C) ​The presence or absence of music 
D) ​The variations in weather 
A) The workers in the store 
B) ​The volume of sales 
C) ​The presence or absence of music 
D) ​The variations in weather

Question 19

If an analysis of the difference between the experimental group and the control group indicates that "p < 0.05," which of the following is true?​

Accepted Answer

A) Random results would produce a difference of that size less than 5 percent of the time.​ 
B) ​There is less than a 5 percent chance that the experimenter made any mistakes in the research. 
C) ​Less than 5 percent of those in the control group exceeded the mean for the experimental group. 
D) ​The difference between the two groups is less than 5 percent. 
A) Random results would produce a difference of that size less than 5 percent of the time.​ 
B) ​There is less than a 5 percent chance that the experimenter made any mistakes in the research. 
C) ​Less than 5 percent of those in the control group exceeded the mean for the experimental group. 
D) ​The difference between the two groups is less than 5 percent.

Question 20

Suppose you interview every tenth person who enters a shopping mall one day.What kind of sample is this?​

Accepted Answer

A) It is a cross-cultural sample. 
B) ​It is a representative sample. 
C) ​It is a random sample. 
D) ​It is a convenience sample. 
A) It is a cross-cultural sample. 
B) ​It is a representative sample. 
C) ​It is a random sample. 
D) ​It is a convenience sample.

Exam 2: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Which of the following is a common problem with survey research?​

Because students who took a calculus course do better in biology than students who did not take calculus,a researcher concludes that understanding calculus is helpful for understanding biology.What is wrong with this study?​

Deliria and her sister Oblivia remember all the times their horoscopes seemed right,but they forget the times they were wrong.What is the result?​

A good scientific theory SHOULD have which of the following features?​

What do we call the cues that hint to the research participants what the experimenter hopes to find?​

People who exercise regularly have a lower probability of becoming depressed.Therefore the correlation between exercise and depression is what?​

In certain studies with rats,female scientists get consistently different results from those of male scientists.Why?​

Which of the following is an operational definition of "grief"?​

Which of the following is an operational definition of "religiousness"?​

Why do researchers try to replicate a result,especially a surprising one?​

An Institutional Review Board provides what function in research?​

Why is an anecdote NOT considered strong evidence?​

The professor says Angela missed class.Angela says she was there,but aliens from outer space caused her to be invisible.Why do we prefer the professor's account of the event?​

In which type of study would participants be randomly assigned to groups?​

If variables A and B have a strong positive correlation,which of these,if any,can we conclude?​

Why is an anecdote not considered strong evidence?​

In an early study,an investigator trying to demonstrate Lamarckian evolution tested rats' ability to learn a swimming maze,and then bred those rats and demonstrated that the next generation learned faster.What conclusion did the research support,if any?​

A store plays background music on some days,randomly chosen,and none on other days.It compares sales on the two kinds of days.What is the independent variable in this experiment?​

If an analysis of the difference between the experimental group and the control group indicates that "p < 0.05," which of the following is true?​

Suppose you interview every tenth person who enters a shopping mall one day.What kind of sample is this?​

What Is Psychology

A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: Sensation and Perception

Development

A: Development

Learning

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

Cognition and Language

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

Consciousnessconsciousness

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

A: Emotional,stress,and Healthemotional,stress,and Health

Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology

Personalitypersonality

A: Personalitypersonality

Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

Filters

Which of the following is a common problem with survey research?

Because students who took a calculus course do better in biology than students who did not take calculus,a researcher concludes that understanding calculus is helpful for understanding biology.What is wrong with this study?

Deliria and her sister Oblivia remember all the times their horoscopes seemed right,but they forget the times they were wrong.What is the result?

A good scientific theory SHOULD have which of the following features?

What do we call the cues that hint to the research participants what the experimenter hopes to find?

People who exercise regularly have a lower probability of becoming depressed.Therefore the correlation between exercise and depression is what?

In certain studies with rats,female scientists get consistently different results from those of male scientists.Why?

Which of the following is an operational definition of "grief"?

Which of the following is an operational definition of "religiousness"?

Why do researchers try to replicate a result,especially a surprising one?

An Institutional Review Board provides what function in research?

Why is an anecdote NOT considered strong evidence?

The professor says Angela missed class.Angela says she was there,but aliens from outer space caused her to be invisible.Why do we prefer the professor's account of the event?

In which type of study would participants be randomly assigned to groups?

If variables A and B have a strong positive correlation,which of these,if any,can we conclude?

Why is an anecdote not considered strong evidence?

In an early study,an investigator trying to demonstrate Lamarckian evolution tested rats' ability to learn a swimming maze,and then bred those rats and demonstrated that the next generation learned faster.What conclusion did the research support,if any?

A store plays background music on some days,randomly chosen,and none on other days.It compares sales on the two kinds of days.What is the independent variable in this experiment?

If an analysis of the difference between the experimental group and the control group indicates that "p < 0.05," which of the following is true?

Suppose you interview every tenth person who enters a shopping mall one day.What kind of sample is this?