Question 1

To decide whether a theory is parsimonious,what do scientists consider?​

Accepted Answer

A) Whether or not the theory leads to practical applications 
B) ​Whether or not the theory is popular with the general public 
C) ​​Whether or not the theory can be stated with mathematical precision 
D) ​How simple the assumptions behind the theory are 
A) Whether or not the theory leads to practical applications 
B) ​Whether or not the theory is popular with the general public 
C) ​​Whether or not the theory can be stated with mathematical precision 
D) ​How simple the assumptions behind the theory are

Question 2

What is the highest possible value for a correlation coefficient?​

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) ​10 
C) ​100 
D) ​infinity 
A) 1 
B) ​10 
C) ​100 
D) ​infinity

Question 3

What does it mean if the correlation between variables A and B is negative?​

Accepted Answer

A) A causes B. 
B) ​B causes A. 
C) ​A and B are unrelated. 
D) ​When A increases, B usually decreases. 
A) A causes B. 
B) ​B causes A. 
C) ​A and B are unrelated. 
D) ​When A increases, B usually decreases.

Question 4

What was Oskar Pfungst's evidence that Clever Hans was not doing math?​

Accepted Answer

A) Hans's answers were only slightly more accurate than chance. 
B) ​Hans guessed randomly when scientists were present. 
C) ​Hans answered correctly only when his trainer, Mr. von Osten, was present. 
D) ​Hans answered correctly only if the questioner knew the correct answer. 
A) Hans's answers were only slightly more accurate than chance. 
B) ​Hans guessed randomly when scientists were present. 
C) ​Hans answered correctly only when his trainer, Mr. von Osten, was present. 
D) ​Hans answered correctly only if the questioner knew the correct answer.

Question 5

How does a researcher reduce the effects of demand characteristics?​

Accepted Answer

A) Discard data from anyone whose results are far from the mean. 
B) ​Conceal the purpose of the experiment from the participants. 
C) ​Allow participants to decide whether to be in the experimental or control group. 
D) Keep informing the participants how well they are doing while the study is in progress. 
A) Discard data from anyone whose results are far from the mean. 
B) ​Conceal the purpose of the experiment from the participants. 
C) ​Allow participants to decide whether to be in the experimental or control group. 
D) Keep informing the participants how well they are doing while the study is in progress.

Question 6

People's happiness correlates positively with how often they eat at nice restaurants.From this observation,what conclusion (if any)can we draw?​

Accepted Answer

A) People celebrate happy events by eating at nice restaurants. 
B) ​Eating at nice restaurants helps make people feel happy. 
C) ​People who can afford to eat at nice restaurants tend to be happy. 
D) ​The results do not justify any of these conclusions. 
A) People celebrate happy events by eating at nice restaurants. 
B) ​Eating at nice restaurants helps make people feel happy. 
C) ​People who can afford to eat at nice restaurants tend to be happy. 
D) ​The results do not justify any of these conclusions.

Question 7

If a theory makes only a few simple assumptions similar to those of other widely accepted theories,what do we say about the new theory?​

Accepted Answer

A) It is parsimonious. 
B) ​It is inferential. 
C) ​It is correlational. 
D) ​It is replicable. 
A) It is parsimonious. 
B) ​It is inferential. 
C) ​It is correlational. 
D) ​It is replicable.

Question 8

When is a research result impressive?​

Accepted Answer

A) If the p value is large and the 95 percent confidence interval is large. 
B) ​If the p value is large and the 95 percent confidence interval is small. 
C) ​If the p value is small and the 95 percent confidence interval is.large 
D) ​If the p value is small and the 95 percent confidence interval is small. 
A) If the p value is large and the 95 percent confidence interval is large. 
B) ​If the p value is large and the 95 percent confidence interval is small. 
C) ​If the p value is small and the 95 percent confidence interval is.large 
D) ​If the p value is small and the 95 percent confidence interval is small.

Question 9

What is a hypothesis?​

Accepted Answer

A) A statistical test for determining the significance of a result 
B) ​A method of doing an experiment 
C) ​A statement that leads to a prediction 
D) ​An interpretation of the results of a study 
A) A statistical test for determining the significance of a result 
B) ​A method of doing an experiment 
C) ​A statement that leads to a prediction 
D) ​An interpretation of the results of a study

Question 10

What does p < 0.05 mean?​

Accepted Answer

A) Random results would look like this less than 5 percent of the time. 
B) ​There is less than a 5 percent probability that chance alone produced this result. 
C) ​Fewer than 5 percent of the results matched the prediction. 
D) ​We are less than 5 percent confident that the results are correct. 
A) Random results would look like this less than 5 percent of the time. 
B) ​There is less than a 5 percent probability that chance alone produced this result. 
C) ​Fewer than 5 percent of the results matched the prediction. 
D) ​We are less than 5 percent confident that the results are correct.

Question 11

Which of these procedures would produce a random sample of Chicago voters?​

Accepted Answer

A) Take the list of all Chicago voters and draw names out of a hat. 
B) ​Choose voters such that the percentage of male and female, Black and White, match the total percentage for the city. 
C) ​Take a spot on a street and interview every voter who walks by you. 
D) ​Ask for volunteers and accept every registered voter who volunteers. 
A) Take the list of all Chicago voters and draw names out of a hat. 
B) ​Choose voters such that the percentage of male and female, Black and White, match the total percentage for the city. 
C) ​Take a spot on a street and interview every voter who walks by you. 
D) ​Ask for volunteers and accept every registered voter who volunteers.

Question 12

An investigator trying to demonstrate Lamarckian evolution tested rats' ability to learn a swimming maze,and then bred those rats and demonstrated that the next generation learned faster.What was the flaw in this study?​

Accepted Answer

A) The original study had no control group. 
B) ​The original study failed to provide an operational definition of learning. 
C) ​The original study used an unusual strain of rats. 
D) ​The researcher in the original study failed to keep adequate records. 
A) The original study had no control group. 
B) ​The original study failed to provide an operational definition of learning. 
C) ​The original study used an unusual strain of rats. 
D) ​The researcher in the original study failed to keep adequate records.

Question 13

How could someone determine whether the results of some study are replicable?​

Accepted Answer

A) Survey other scientists for their opinions of the study. 
B) ​Perform a statistical analysis to determine the likelihood of such results. 
C) ​Compare the interpretation of results to other possible interpretations. 
D) ​Repeat the procedure and try to get the same results. 
A) Survey other scientists for their opinions of the study. 
B) ​Perform a statistical analysis to determine the likelihood of such results. 
C) ​Compare the interpretation of results to other possible interpretations. 
D) ​Repeat the procedure and try to get the same results.

Question 14

What does it mean to say the correlation between two variables is zero?​

Accepted Answer

A) The two variables have the same mean and the same distribution. 
B) ​Measuring one variable gives no information useful in predicting the other. 
C) ​Neither variable measures anything of practical importance. 
D) ​The strength of the relationship between the variables has decreased over time. 
A) The two variables have the same mean and the same distribution. 
B) ​Measuring one variable gives no information useful in predicting the other. 
C) ​Neither variable measures anything of practical importance. 
D) ​The strength of the relationship between the variables has decreased over time.

Question 15

During the last five days,Sarah studied 3,5,9,3,and 10 hours (for a total of 30).What was her mode in number of hours studied per day?​

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) ​5 
C) ​6 
D) ​10 
A) 3 
B) ​5 
C) ​6 
D) ​10

Question 16

If the correlation between variables A and B is positive,then which of the following is true?​

Accepted Answer

A) The mean value of A is greater than the mean value of B. 
B) ​The mean value of B is greater than the mean value of A. 
C) ​Measurements of one variable help us predict the other one, approximately. 
D) ​Over time, the mean values of both A and B have been increasing. 
A) The mean value of A is greater than the mean value of B. 
B) ​The mean value of B is greater than the mean value of A. 
C) ​Measurements of one variable help us predict the other one, approximately. 
D) ​Over time, the mean values of both A and B have been increasing.

Question 17

What is an operational definition?​

Accepted Answer

A) A definition that states how to produce or measure something 
B) ​A definition in terms of synonyms and antonyms 
C) ​A definition that explains the scientific causes of something 
D) ​A definition that explains the origin of the word 
A) A definition that states how to produce or measure something 
B) ​A definition in terms of synonyms and antonyms 
C) ​A definition that explains the scientific causes of something 
D) ​A definition that explains the origin of the word

Question 18

A tennis coach believes orange juice improves performance.She gives her players orange juice on randomly chosen days,and rates their performance.What,if anything,is wrong with this study?​

Accepted Answer

A) People in a control group should drink orange juice on the same days. 
B) ​The players should be able to choose when to drink orange juice. 
C) ​The study should have a blind observer. 
D) ​Nothing is wrong with this study. 
A) People in a control group should drink orange juice on the same days. 
B) ​The players should be able to choose when to drink orange juice. 
C) ​The study should have a blind observer. 
D) ​Nothing is wrong with this study.

Question 19

It is likely that many published studies represent random fluctuations in data,rather than true phenomena.How do scientists guard against this possibility?​

Accepted Answer

A) They recalculate the statistics of the published study. 
B) ​They ask for replications of surprising results. 
C) ​They accuse the author of fraud if the results seem surprising. 
D) ​They disbelieve any result that does not have a strong theoretical basis. 
A) They recalculate the statistics of the published study. 
B) ​They ask for replications of surprising results. 
C) ​They accuse the author of fraud if the results seem surprising. 
D) ​They disbelieve any result that does not have a strong theoretical basis.

Question 20

If researchers get similar results whenever they follow a procedure,what are the results?​

Accepted Answer

A) Statistically significant 
B) ​Parsimonious 
C) ​Replicable 
D) ​Experimental 
A) Statistically significant 
B) ​Parsimonious 
C) ​Replicable 
D) ​Experimental

Exam 2: Scientific Methods in Psychology

To decide whether a theory is parsimonious,what do scientists consider?​

What is the highest possible value for a correlation coefficient?​

What does it mean if the correlation between variables A and B is negative?​

What was Oskar Pfungst's evidence that Clever Hans was not doing math?​

How does a researcher reduce the effects of demand characteristics?​

People's happiness correlates positively with how often they eat at nice restaurants.From this observation,what conclusion (if any)can we draw?​

If a theory makes only a few simple assumptions similar to those of other widely accepted theories,what do we say about the new theory?​

When is a research result impressive?​

What is a hypothesis?​

What does p < 0.05 mean?​

Which of these procedures would produce a random sample of Chicago voters?​

An investigator trying to demonstrate Lamarckian evolution tested rats' ability to learn a swimming maze,and then bred those rats and demonstrated that the next generation learned faster.What was the flaw in this study?​

How could someone determine whether the results of some study are replicable?​

What does it mean to say the correlation between two variables is zero?​

During the last five days,Sarah studied 3,5,9,3,and 10 hours (for a total of 30).What was her mode in number of hours studied per day?​

If the correlation between variables A and B is positive,then which of the following is true?​

What is an operational definition?​

A tennis coach believes orange juice improves performance.She gives her players orange juice on randomly chosen days,and rates their performance.What,if anything,is wrong with this study?​

It is likely that many published studies represent random fluctuations in data,rather than true phenomena.How do scientists guard against this possibility?​

If researchers get similar results whenever they follow a procedure,what are the results?​

What Is Psychology

A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: Sensation and Perception

Development

A: Development

Learning

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

Cognition and Language

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

Consciousnessconsciousness

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

A: Emotional,stress,and Healthemotional,stress,and Health

Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology

Personalitypersonality

A: Personalitypersonality

Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

Filters

To decide whether a theory is parsimonious,what do scientists consider?

What is the highest possible value for a correlation coefficient?

What does it mean if the correlation between variables A and B is negative?

What was Oskar Pfungst's evidence that Clever Hans was not doing math?

How does a researcher reduce the effects of demand characteristics?

People's happiness correlates positively with how often they eat at nice restaurants.From this observation,what conclusion (if any)can we draw?

If a theory makes only a few simple assumptions similar to those of other widely accepted theories,what do we say about the new theory?

When is a research result impressive?

What is a hypothesis?

What does p < 0.05 mean?

Which of these procedures would produce a random sample of Chicago voters?

An investigator trying to demonstrate Lamarckian evolution tested rats' ability to learn a swimming maze,and then bred those rats and demonstrated that the next generation learned faster.What was the flaw in this study?

How could someone determine whether the results of some study are replicable?

What does it mean to say the correlation between two variables is zero?

During the last five days,Sarah studied 3,5,9,3,and 10 hours (for a total of 30).What was her mode in number of hours studied per day?

If the correlation between variables A and B is positive,then which of the following is true?

What is an operational definition?

A tennis coach believes orange juice improves performance.She gives her players orange juice on randomly chosen days,and rates their performance.What,if anything,is wrong with this study?

It is likely that many published studies represent random fluctuations in data,rather than true phenomena.How do scientists guard against this possibility?

If researchers get similar results whenever they follow a procedure,what are the results?