Question 1

Baruch Spinoza inspired which of these works?

Accepted Answer

A) Candide 
B) Jerusalem,or,On Ecclesiastical Power and Judaism 
C) Ethics 
D) Nathan the Wise 
A) Candide 
B) Jerusalem,or,On Ecclesiastical Power and Judaism 
C) Ethics 
D) Nathan the Wise

Question 2

As part of her territorial aspirations,Catherine the Great painlessly annexed the newly independent state of ________ in 1783.

Accepted Answer

A) Estonia 
B) Crimea 
C) Livonia 
D) Romania 
A) Estonia 
B) Crimea 
C) Livonia 
D) Romania

Question 3

Which connection between work and author is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Theologico-Political Treatise: Mendelssohn 
B) Persian Letters: Montesquieu 
C) Encyclopedia: Spinoza 
D) Candide: Diderot 
A) Theologico-Political Treatise: Mendelssohn 
B) Persian Letters: Montesquieu 
C) Encyclopedia: Spinoza 
D) Candide: Diderot

Question 4

The Encyclopedia ________.

Accepted Answer

A) secularized learning and spread Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe 
B) sold about 1,200 copies 
C) received official support 
D) was written by Denis Diderot and Jean Le Rond d'Alembert 
A) secularized learning and spread Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe 
B) sold about 1,200 copies 
C) received official support 
D) was written by Denis Diderot and Jean Le Rond d'Alembert

Question 5

How did Adam Smith perceive the relationship between humanity,nature,and the production of goods and services?

Accepted Answer

Adam Smith, the Scottish philosopher and

Question 6

Montesquieu hoped to counter monarchical oppression with ________.

Accepted Answer

A) democracy 
B) independent branches of government 
C) a legislative body that would head the government 
D) a theocracy 
A) democracy 
B) independent branches of government 
C) a legislative body that would head the government 
D) a theocracy

Question 7

The Enlightenment flourished in a ________,that is,a culture in which books,journals,newspapers,and pamphlets had achieved a status of their own.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Enlightenment flourished in a ________,that is,a...

Question 8

The ________ of France believed that mercantilist legislation and the regulation of labor by governments and guilds actually hampered the expansion of trade,manufacture,and agriculture.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ of France believed that mercantilist...

Question 9

How did print culture contribute to the Enlightenment and the call for reform throughout Europe?

Accepted Answer

A) Increasing literacy and the volume of books printed encouraged the discussion of ideas about reform. 
B) The greater number of print shops employed a large number of people and raised the standard of life for the middle class. 
C) Governments were able to distribute their ideas in writing to a wider number of people. 
D) Reference books such as the Encyclopedia were available to most universities. 
A) Increasing literacy and the volume of books printed encouraged the discussion of ideas about reform. 
B) The greater number of print shops employed a large number of people and raised the standard of life for the middle class. 
C) Governments were able to distribute their ideas in writing to a wider number of people. 
D) Reference books such as the Encyclopedia were available to most universities.

Question 10

What were Mary Wollstonecraft's objections to Rousseau's ideas on women? If Rousseau were writing today,what response would you give to his ideas about the role of women? Use the empirical arguments and appeal to rational thought that he would have expected of the writers in his day.

Accepted Answer

Mary Wollstonecraft objected to Rousseau

Question 11

Herder is famous for his early views concerning ________.

Accepted Answer

A) intellectual realism 
B) cultural relativism 
C) social democracy 
D) relative absolutism 
A) intellectual realism 
B) cultural relativism 
C) social democracy 
D) relative absolutism

Question 12

According to Newton and others,nature is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Newton and others,nature is ________....

Question 13

Who believed that the intent of punishment should be to deter further crime,not to impose the will of God?

Accepted Answer

A) Voltaire 
B) Rousseau 
C) Wollstonecraft 
D) Beccaria 
A) Voltaire 
B) Rousseau 
C) Wollstonecraft 
D) Beccaria

Question 14

Explain the philosophes' interpretation of the imperial movements,including the discussion of slavery in America.How do you think their ideas would have been received by their contemporaries?

Accepted Answer

The philosophes, or Enlightenment thinke

Question 15

Why is it surprising that Lady Mary Wortley Montagu was the voice of tolerance of Islam?

Accepted Answer

A) because most philosophes disdained Islam 
B) because most Muslims dismissed Christians 
C) because she was married to an ambassador 
D) because she was not an educated woman 
A) because most philosophes disdained Islam 
B) because most Muslims dismissed Christians 
C) because she was married to an ambassador 
D) because she was not an educated woman

Question 16

The writers and critics who flourished in the expanding print culture and who took the lead in forging the new attitudes favorable to change,championing reform,and advancing toleration were known as the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The writers and critics who flourished in...

Question 17

Adam Smith advocated ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a large role for government in the economy 
B) ending England's mercantile system 
C) the elimination of England's navy and army 
D) that government take no part in the economy 
A) a large role for government in the economy 
B) ending England's mercantile system 
C) the elimination of England's navy and army 
D) that government take no part in the economy

Question 18

Voltaire's most famous satire,________,attacked war,religious persecution,and what he considered unwarranted optimism about the human condition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Voltaire's most famous satire,________,attacked war,religious persecution,and what...

Question 19

________ contended that the process of civilization and the Enlightenment had corrupted human nature.

Accepted Answer

A) Adam Smith 
B) Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
C) René Descartes 
D) Charles de Montesquieu 
A) Adam Smith 
B) Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
C) René Descartes 
D) Charles de Montesquieu

Question 20

What was the purpose of Voltaire's interest in the execution of Jean Calas?

Accepted Answer

A) Voltaire wished to demonstrate the horror of religious fanaticism and the need for judicial reform. 
B) Voltaire was related to Jean Calas and wished to clear his name. 
C) Voltaire was hired by the family of Calas to clear his name after he was executed. 
D) Voltaire wanted to demonstrate that religious goals would find the truth in the enD. 
A) Voltaire wished to demonstrate the horror of religious fanaticism and the need for judicial reform. 
B) Voltaire was related to Jean Calas and wished to clear his name. 
C) Voltaire was hired by the family of Calas to clear his name after he was executed. 
D) Voltaire wanted to demonstrate that religious goals would find the truth in the enD.

Exam 17: The Age of Enlightenment: Eighteenth-Century Thought

Baruch Spinoza inspired which of these works?

As part of her territorial aspirations,Catherine the Great painlessly annexed the newly independent state of ________ in 1783.

Which connection between work and author is accurate?

The Encyclopedia ________.

How did Adam Smith perceive the relationship between humanity,nature,and the production of goods and services?

Montesquieu hoped to counter monarchical oppression with ________.

The Enlightenment flourished in a ________,that is,a culture in which books,journals,newspapers,and pamphlets had achieved a status of their own.

The ________ of France believed that mercantilist legislation and the regulation of labor by governments and guilds actually hampered the expansion of trade,manufacture,and agriculture.

How did print culture contribute to the Enlightenment and the call for reform throughout Europe?

What were Mary Wollstonecraft's objections to Rousseau's ideas on women? If Rousseau were writing today,what response would you give to his ideas about the role of women? Use the empirical arguments and appeal to rational thought that he would have expected of the writers in his day.

Herder is famous for his early views concerning ________.

According to Newton and others,nature is ________.

Who believed that the intent of punishment should be to deter further crime,not to impose the will of God?

Explain the philosophes' interpretation of the imperial movements,including the discussion of slavery in America.How do you think their ideas would have been received by their contemporaries?

Why is it surprising that Lady Mary Wortley Montagu was the voice of tolerance of Islam?

The writers and critics who flourished in the expanding print culture and who took the lead in forging the new attitudes favorable to change,championing reform,and advancing toleration were known as the ________.

Adam Smith advocated ________.

Voltaire's most famous satire,________,attacked war,religious persecution,and what he considered unwarranted optimism about the human condition.

________ contended that the process of civilization and the Enlightenment had corrupted human nature.

What was the purpose of Voltaire's interest in the execution of Jean Calas?

The Birth of Civilization

The Rise of Greek Civilization

Classical and Hellenistic Greece

Rome: From Republic to Empire

The Roman Empire

Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages: Creating a New European Society and Culture 4761000

The High Middle Ages: the Rise of European Empires and States (1000-1300)

Medieval Society: Hierarchies, towns, universities, and Families (1000-1300)

The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown (1300-1453)

Renaissance and Discovery

The Age of Reformation

The Age of Religious Wars

European State Consolidation in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

New Directions in Thought and Culture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

Society and Economy Under the Old Regime in the Eighteenth Century

The Transatlantic Economy, trade Wars, and Colonial Rebellion

The French Revolution

The Age of Napoleon and the Triumph of Romanticism

The Conservative Order and the Challenges of Reform (1815-1832)

Economic Advance and Social Unrest (1830-1850)

The Age of Nation-States

The Building of European Supremacy: Society and Politics to World War I

The Birth of Modern European Thought

The Age of Western Imperialism

Alliances, War, and a Troubled Peace

The Interwar Years: the Challenge of Dictators and Depression

World War Ii

The Cold War Era, decolonization, and the Emergence of a New Europe

Social, cultural, and Economic Challenges in the West Through the Present

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