Exam 10: Renaissance and Discovery

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Examine the excerpt from Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man.How significant is the choice outlined in this excerpt? Are the basic opinions limited? Do they differ from what the church thought life's limits and options were? Is the concept of freedom in this passage a modern one? What do you believe is Mirandola's definition of "free will"? Explain.

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The excerpt from Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man outlines the significance of the choice given to humanity by God. Mirandola argues that humans have the freedom to choose their own nature and destiny, and that this choice is what sets them apart from all other creatures. This choice is significant because it gives humans the ability to shape their own lives and determine their own path, rather than being limited by predetermined boundaries.

Mirandola's opinions are not limited in the sense that he believes in the limitless potential of human beings. He argues that humans have the ability to elevate themselves to the level of angels or to degrade themselves to the level of beasts, depending on the choices they make. This differs from the traditional views of the church, which often emphasized the limitations and sinfulness of human nature.

The concept of freedom in this passage is not necessarily a modern one, as it has been a topic of philosophical and theological debate for centuries. However, Mirandola's emphasis on the freedom of choice and the potential for human greatness does align with modern ideas of individual autonomy and self-determination.

Mirandola's definition of "free will" is the ability of humans to choose their own nature and destiny, to shape their own lives according to their own desires and aspirations. He believes that this freedom is a gift from God, and that it is what makes humans truly dignified and unique. In this sense, Mirandola's concept of free will is closely tied to the idea of human agency and responsibility for one's own actions.

Why was Pope Julius II called the "warrior pope"? What happened at the battle of Novara in 1513? What were the terms of the Concordat of Bologna?

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Pope Julius II was called the "warrior pope" because of his aggressive and militaristic approach to papal politics. He was known for leading armies into battle and using military force to achieve his political goals.

The battle of Novara in 1513 was a significant event during the Italian Wars. It was a decisive victory for the Holy League, which was led by Pope Julius II and included the Swiss Confederation and the Republic of Venice. The Holy League defeated the French army, which allowed them to regain control of Milan and secure their position in northern Italy.

The Concordat of Bologna was a treaty signed between Pope Leo X and King Francis I of France in 1516. The terms of the concordat granted the French king significant influence over the appointment of bishops and abbots in France, effectively giving him control over the French church. In return, the French king agreed to recognize the pope's authority and pay him a yearly tribute. This agreement solidified the king's power over the church in France and marked a significant shift in the balance of power between the papacy and secular rulers.

Based on "The Renaissance Garden," which of the following is most accurate?

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The ________ of the West Indies and Brazil became the major center for black slavery in the mid-sixteenth century.

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Humanism prepared the way for Protestant reforms in which of the following countries?

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Between the newly acquired Burgundian lands and his own inheritance,King Louis XI was able to end his reign with a kingdom almost ________ the size of that he had inherited.

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The Habsburg-Valois wars were fought between France and ________.

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The political alliance known as the Treaty of Lodi did which of the following?

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Spanish colonials born in Spain were known as _______,as opposed to the American-born creoles.

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Which of the following was the most important intellectual recovery made during the Italian Renaissance?

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How did the Dominican preacher Girolamo Savonarola convince the Florentines to allow King Charles VIII of France to enter Florence without resistance?

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The ________ is a device,often harsh,that required adult male Indians to devote a certain number of days of labor annually to Spanish economic enterprises.

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Examine Map 10-2.According to the map,which of the following statements is true?

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During an assembly in Worms in 1495,Emperor Maximilian allowed the members to create ________.

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Endemic warfare between the pope and the Holy Roman Emperor ________.

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Columbus thought his first landfall was ________.

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The Spanish voyages of discovery can be seen as an outgrowth of _______.

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What argument about Native Americans caused tension between the mendicant friars and Spanish conquerors?

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What occurred in 1378 as a result of the unbearable conditions for those at the bottom of society and the disruption caused by the Black Death?

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Which of the following cities had uninterrupted trade with the Near East throughout the Middle Ages?

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