Question 1

A previously existing instrument:

Accepted Answer

A)  should always be used rather than one the researcher develops 
B)  will have adequate reliability 
C)  may be inadequate for purposes of the researcher 
D)  will lead to valid interpretations 
A)  should always be used rather than one the researcher develops 
B)  will have adequate reliability 
C)  may be inadequate for purposes of the researcher 
D)  will lead to valid interpretations

Question 2

Interviews and questionnaires as a data collection method:

Accepted Answer

A)  are more effective than observational techniques 
B)  reveal only information the subject is willing to report 
C)  cannot be considered to have validity 
D)  provide no information about past behavior 
A)  are more effective than observational techniques 
B)  reveal only information the subject is willing to report 
C)  cannot be considered to have validity 
D)  provide no information about past behavior

Question 3

The Likert scale was named after the man who designed it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which is an example of a researcher-completed instrument?

Accepted Answer

A)  Questionnaire 
B)  Sociogram 
C)  Flow chart 
D)  Aptitude test 
A)  Questionnaire 
B)  Sociogram 
C)  Flow chart 
D)  Aptitude test

Question 5

Aptitude tests differ from ability tests primarily in their:

Accepted Answer

A)  purpose 
B)  format 
C)  content 
D)  difficulty 
A)  purpose 
B)  format 
C)  content 
D)  difficulty

Question 6

A performance checklist:

Accepted Answer

A)  minimizes observer judgment 
B)  requires the observer to rate behavior along a continuum 
C)  requires no prior knowledge on the observer's part 
D)  cannot be used to assess products 
A)  minimizes observer judgment 
B)  requires the observer to rate behavior along a continuum 
C)  requires no prior knowledge on the observer's part 
D)  cannot be used to assess products

Question 7

Which of the following would be the least appropriate variable to assess with an observational tally sheet?

Accepted Answer

A)  Off-task behavior 
B)  Question-asking 
C)  Interest in class activity 
D)  Critical thinking 
A)  Off-task behavior 
B)  Question-asking 
C)  Interest in class activity 
D)  Critical thinking

Question 8

Which of the following is most characteristic of skilled as opposed to unskilled observers in research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Making generalized descriptions or evaluations rather than noting specific incidents 
B)  Interpreting behavior immediately on the basis of initial data so as to make confirmation by subsequent incidents unnecessary 
C)  Describing the subject's behavior rather than the personal reaction of the observer 
D)  Recording primarily dramatic or negative incidents 
A)  Making generalized descriptions or evaluations rather than noting specific incidents 
B)  Interpreting behavior immediately on the basis of initial data so as to make confirmation by subsequent incidents unnecessary 
C)  Describing the subject's behavior rather than the personal reaction of the observer 
D)  Recording primarily dramatic or negative incidents

Question 9

The distinguishing feature of projective techniques is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  their interpretation is extremely complex 
B)  they are intentionally ambiguous 
C)  they are only used to assess attitudes 
D)  they use pictures 
A)  their interpretation is extremely complex 
B)  they are intentionally ambiguous 
C)  they are only used to assess attitudes 
D)  they use pictures

Question 10

Most widely used standardized achievement tests are useful because:

Accepted Answer

A)  they indicate the full scope of what ought to be taught in schools 
B)  they are free of bias 
C)  they have been carefully prepared, tried out, and refined through research 
D)  their scores are not influenced by curriculum variables, teacher effectiveness variables, or the child's home environment 
A)  they indicate the full scope of what ought to be taught in schools 
B)  they are free of bias 
C)  they have been carefully prepared, tried out, and refined through research 
D)  their scores are not influenced by curriculum variables, teacher effectiveness variables, or the child's home environment

Question 11

Matching
-Criterion-referenced instrument data

Accepted Answer

A)  Group-referenced scores 
B)  Target-referenced scores 
C)  Assigning numbers to categorical 
D)  Ordered data 
E)  Interval scale with true zero 
A)  Group-referenced scores 
B)  Target-referenced scores 
C)  Assigning numbers to categorical 
D)  Ordered data 
E)  Interval scale with true zero

Question 12

The use of previously developed instruments in a study is desirable because:

Accepted Answer

A)  existing instruments will be more valid 
B)  existing instruments will be more reliable 
C)  instrument development leads to biased results 
D)  instrument development is a complex undertaking 
A)  existing instruments will be more valid 
B)  existing instruments will be more reliable 
C)  instrument development leads to biased results 
D)  instrument development is a complex undertaking

Question 13

The most serious limitation in the use of mailed questionnaires in research is in connection with:

Accepted Answer

A)  deciding on the initial definition of the population 
B)  selecting the sample 
C)  obtaining responses 
D)  analyzing the data 
A)  deciding on the initial definition of the population 
B)  selecting the sample 
C)  obtaining responses 
D)  analyzing the data

Question 14

Rapport is most essential when which data-gathering tool is used?

Accepted Answer

A)  Checklist 
B)  Interview 
C)  Observation 
D)  Rating scale 
A)  Checklist 
B)  Interview 
C)  Observation 
D)  Rating scale

Question 15

Which of the following is the best synonym for reliability?

Accepted Answer

A)  Consistency 
B)  Usefulness 
C)  Truthfulness 
D)  Economy 
A)  Consistency 
B)  Usefulness 
C)  Truthfulness 
D)  Economy

Question 16

Which of the following is most essential to skilled observation as a research technique applied in studying a student's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Recording primarily dramatic behavior 
B)  Recording primarily the "whys" of the behavior observed 
C)  Recording primarily the "whats" of the behavior observed 
D)  Using data obtained as bases for generalizations concerning the behaviors of other students 
A)  Recording primarily dramatic behavior 
B)  Recording primarily the "whys" of the behavior observed 
C)  Recording primarily the "whats" of the behavior observed 
D)  Using data obtained as bases for generalizations concerning the behaviors of other students

Exam 7: Instrumentation

A previously existing instrument:

Interviews and questionnaires as a data collection method:

The Likert scale was named after the man who designed it.

Which is an example of a researcher-completed instrument?

Aptitude tests differ from ability tests primarily in their:

A performance checklist:

Which of the following would be the least appropriate variable to assess with an observational tally sheet?

Which of the following is most characteristic of skilled as opposed to unskilled observers in research?

The distinguishing feature of projective techniques is that:

Most widely used standardized achievement tests are useful because:

Matching -Criterion-referenced instrument data

The use of previously developed instruments in a study is desirable because:

The most serious limitation in the use of mailed questionnaires in research is in connection with:

Rapport is most essential when which data-gathering tool is used?

Which of the following is the best synonym for reliability?

Which of the following is most essential to skilled observation as a research technique applied in studying a student's behavior?

The Nature of Research

The Research Problem

Locating and Reviewing the Literature

Ethics and Research

Variables and Hypotheses

Sampling

Validity and Reliability

Internal Validity

Descriptive Statistics

Inferential Statistics

Statistics in Perspective

Experimental Research

Single-Subject Research

Correlational Research

Causal-Comparative Research

Survey Research

The Nature of Qualitative Research

Observation and Interviewing

Content Analysis

Ethnographic Research

Historical Research

Mixed-Methods Research

Action Research

Preparing Research Proposals and Reports

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