Question 1

The importance between the A-B-A and A-B-A-B designs is that the latter:

Accepted Answer

A)  adds a second treatment phase 
B)  adds a fourth data collection phase 
C)  requires more time 
D)  requires shorter phases 
A)  adds a second treatment phase 
B)  adds a fourth data collection phase 
C)  requires more time 
D)  requires shorter phases A

Question 2

Matching
-A-B-A design

Accepted Answer

A)  "Reversal design 
B)  2 baseline and 2 treatment periods 
C)  2 treatments with 1 baseline period 
D)  Changed intervention 
E)  Unable to withdraw a treatment 
A)  "Reversal design 
B)  2 baseline and 2 treatment periods 
C)  2 treatments with 1 baseline period 
D)  Changed intervention 
E)  Unable to withdraw a treatment A

Question 3

Use of a multiple-baseline design requires that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the behaviors studied be distinctly different from one another 
B)  treatment is introduced at different times for different behaviors 
C)  the same treatment is used with all behaviors 
D)  all of the above 
A)  the behaviors studied be distinctly different from one another 
B)  treatment is introduced at different times for different behaviors 
C)  the same treatment is used with all behaviors 
D)  all of the above D

Question 4

An advantage of the A-B-A-B design over the A-B-A design is better control of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  history threat 
B)  implementation threat 
C)  data collector bias 
D)  instrument decay 
A)  history threat 
B)  implementation threat 
C)  data collector bias 
D)  instrument decay

Question 5

The B-A-B design, rather than another single-subject design, is typically used because:

Accepted Answer

A)  data collection is reduced 
B)  treatment is urgently needed 
C)  it requires less time 
D)  the baseline is already known 
A)  data collection is reduced 
B)  treatment is urgently needed 
C)  it requires less time 
D)  the baseline is already known

Question 6

Matching
-Multiple-baseline design

Accepted Answer

A)  "Reversal design 
B)  2 baseline and 2 treatment periods 
C)  2 treatments with 1 baseline period 
D)  Changed intervention 
E)  Unable to withdraw a treatment 
A)  "Reversal design 
B)  2 baseline and 2 treatment periods 
C)  2 treatments with 1 baseline period 
D)  Changed intervention 
E)  Unable to withdraw a treatment

Question 7

Matching
-A-B-C-B design

Accepted Answer

A)  "Reversal design 
B)  2 baseline and 2 treatment periods 
C)  2 treatments with 1 baseline period 
D)  Changed intervention 
E)  Unable to withdraw a treatment 
A)  "Reversal design 
B)  2 baseline and 2 treatment periods 
C)  2 treatments with 1 baseline period 
D)  Changed intervention 
E)  Unable to withdraw a treatment

Question 8

Matching
-A-B-A-B design

Accepted Answer

A)  "Reversal design 
B)  2 baseline and 2 treatment periods 
C)  2 treatments with 1 baseline period 
D)  Changed intervention 
E)  Unable to withdraw a treatment 
A)  "Reversal design 
B)  2 baseline and 2 treatment periods 
C)  2 treatments with 1 baseline period 
D)  Changed intervention 
E)  Unable to withdraw a treatment

Question 9

In single-subject designs, A and B refer, respectively, to:

Accepted Answer

A)  subject A and subject B 
B)  observer A and observer B 
C)  baseline and treatment 
D)  treatment and baseline 
A)  subject A and subject B 
B)  observer A and observer B 
C)  baseline and treatment 
D)  treatment and baseline

Question 10

Single-subject research differs from experimental group research in:

Accepted Answer

A)  using only one subject in the study 
B)  having better control over internal validity 
C)  obtaining data on one subject at a time 
D)  being less time consuming 
A)  using only one subject in the study 
B)  having better control over internal validity 
C)  obtaining data on one subject at a time 
D)  being less time consuming

Question 11

Data-collector bias in multiple-baseline studies is a minor concern.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A major concern in multiple-baseline studies is:

Accepted Answer

A)  keeping the location the same 
B)  keeping the implementer the same 
C)  making sure behaviors are independent 
D)  making sure observers are independent 
A)  keeping the location the same 
B)  keeping the implementer the same 
C)  making sure behaviors are independent 
D)  making sure observers are independent

Question 13

Introducing two or more variables during the intervention condition in a single-subject study confounds the treatment and may lead to erroneous conclusions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Single-subject designs are used primarily:

Accepted Answer

A)  when group designs are not appropriate 
B)  when data collection requires little training 
C)  in studies involving children 
D)  when data are collected over time 
A)  when group designs are not appropriate 
B)  when data collection requires little training 
C)  in studies involving children 
D)  when data are collected over time

Question 15

Condition length refers to the number of data points gathered during a condition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The A-B-C-B design replaces:

Accepted Answer

A)  a treatment phase with a new treatment 
B)  a baseline phase with a new treatment 
C)  a treatment phase with a modified treatment 
D)  a baseline phase with a modified treatment 
A)  a treatment phase with a new treatment 
B)  a baseline phase with a new treatment 
C)  a treatment phase with a modified treatment 
D)  a baseline phase with a modified treatment

Question 17

The multiple-baseline design is typically used because:

Accepted Answer

A)  a second baseline is unethical or impossible 
B)  extraneous conditions are expected to change 
C)  only one subject is available 
D)  time is limited 
A)  a second baseline is unethical or impossible 
B)  extraneous conditions are expected to change 
C)  only one subject is available 
D)  time is limited

Question 18

The number of data points in a phase should be:

Accepted Answer

A)  as many as is practical 
B)  as many as needed to establish a stable trend 
C)  no more than five 
D)  determined by the behavior being studied 
A)  as many as is practical 
B)  as many as needed to establish a stable trend 
C)  no more than five 
D)  determined by the behavior being studied

Question 19

A location threat is most often the major threat in multiple-baseline studies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The principal method of data analysis in single-subject research is:

Accepted Answer

A)  comparison of averages 
B)  analysis of line graphs 
C)  analysis of scatterplots 
D)  comparison of percentages 
A)  comparison of averages 
B)  analysis of line graphs 
C)  analysis of scatterplots 
D)  comparison of percentages

Exam 14: Single-Subject Research

The importance between the A-B-A and A-B-A-B designs is that the latter:

Matching -A-B-A design

Use of a multiple-baseline design requires that:

An advantage of the A-B-A-B design over the A-B-A design is better control of a(n):

The B-A-B design, rather than another single-subject design, is typically used because:

Matching -Multiple-baseline design

Matching -A-B-C-B design

Matching -A-B-A-B design

In single-subject designs, A and B refer, respectively, to:

Single-subject research differs from experimental group research in:

Data-collector bias in multiple-baseline studies is a minor concern.

A major concern in multiple-baseline studies is:

Introducing two or more variables during the intervention condition in a single-subject study confounds the treatment and may lead to erroneous conclusions.

Single-subject designs are used primarily:

Condition length refers to the number of data points gathered during a condition.

The A-B-C-B design replaces:

The multiple-baseline design is typically used because:

The number of data points in a phase should be:

A location threat is most often the major threat in multiple-baseline studies.

The principal method of data analysis in single-subject research is:

The Nature of Research

The Research Problem

Locating and Reviewing the Literature

Ethics and Research

Variables and Hypotheses

Sampling

Instrumentation

Validity and Reliability

Internal Validity

Descriptive Statistics

Inferential Statistics

Statistics in Perspective

Experimental Research

Correlational Research

Causal-Comparative Research

Survey Research

The Nature of Qualitative Research

Observation and Interviewing

Content Analysis

Ethnographic Research

Historical Research

Mixed-Methods Research

Action Research

Preparing Research Proposals and Reports

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