Question 1

The development of second-line and third-line antimicrobial agents demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-resistance 
B)  the effectiveness of first-line drugs 
C)  an effective method to limit drug resistance 
D)  the increasing difficulty of treating drug resistant bacteria 
A)  cross-resistance 
B)  the effectiveness of first-line drugs 
C)  an effective method to limit drug resistance 
D)  the increasing difficulty of treating drug resistant bacteria

Question 2

Antibiotics that contain a beta-lactam ring

Accepted Answer

A)  bind to and cross-link peptidoglycans 
B)  act as an antimetabolite 
C)  bind to a bacterial RNA polymerase 
D)  are erroneously incorporated as nucleic acids 
A)  bind to and cross-link peptidoglycans 
B)  act as an antimetabolite 
C)  bind to a bacterial RNA polymerase 
D)  are erroneously incorporated as nucleic acids

Question 3

Which of the following directly pertain to inhibition of cellular protein synthesis by antimicrobial agents?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellular cytoplasm is lost 
B)  binding and inhibition of RNA polymerase 
C)  imitation or molecular mimicry of normal molecules 
D)  interferes with accurate translation of mRNA message 
A)  cellular cytoplasm is lost 
B)  binding and inhibition of RNA polymerase 
C)  imitation or molecular mimicry of normal molecules 
D)  interferes with accurate translation of mRNA message

Question 4

Characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial agent include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  resistance by microorganisms 
B)  reasonable cost 
C)  long shelf life 
D)  toxicity not easily altered 
A)  resistance by microorganisms 
B)  reasonable cost 
C)  long shelf life 
D)  toxicity not easily altered

Question 5

A test to determine the effectiveness of an antimicrobial agent that uses growth of a test microorganism in patients' blood serum:

Accepted Answer

A)  disk dilution method 
B)  dilution method 
C)  disk diffusion method 
D)  serum killing power method 
A)  disk dilution method 
B)  dilution method 
C)  disk diffusion method 
D)  serum killing power method

Question 6

Side effects due to antimicrobial agents may involve all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  allergic reactions 
B)  anaphylactic shock 
C)  disruption of microbial flora 
D)  increased antibiotic susceptibility of replacement microflora 
A)  allergic reactions 
B)  anaphylactic shock 
C)  disruption of microbial flora 
D)  increased antibiotic susceptibility of replacement microflora

Question 7

Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  alteration of ribosomes 
B)  alteration of an enzyme 
C)  development of enzymes 
D)  alteration of normal microflora 
A)  alteration of ribosomes 
B)  alteration of an enzyme 
C)  development of enzymes 
D)  alteration of normal microflora

Question 8

Antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis

Accepted Answer

A)  by disrupting cell membrane fraction 
B)  by binding to 80S ribosomal subunits 
C)  by interfering with the accurate reading of the mRNA message 
D)  by binding to a 60S ribosomal subunit 
A)  by disrupting cell membrane fraction 
B)  by binding to 80S ribosomal subunits 
C)  by interfering with the accurate reading of the mRNA message 
D)  by binding to a 60S ribosomal subunit

Question 9

Why are resistant organisms found often in hospitalized patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  stringent efforts maintain sanitary conditions 
B)  many infections in patients are being treated with different antibiotics 
C)  doctors are treating outpatients with multiple antibiotics 
D)  two of the above 
A)  stringent efforts maintain sanitary conditions 
B)  many infections in patients are being treated with different antibiotics 
C)  doctors are treating outpatients with multiple antibiotics 
D)  two of the above

Question 10

Which one of the following antimicrobial agents is an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  tetracycline 
B)  penicillin 
C)  chloramphenicol 
D)  erythromycin 
A)  tetracycline 
B)  penicillin 
C)  chloramphenicol 
D)  erythromycin

Question 11

A patient comes to you from a nursing home with a high fever. Is it better to start the patient on a broad spectrum drug or a narrow spectrum drug? Is it better to start the patient on one antibiotic or multiple antibiotics? Defend your decision.

Accepted Answer

Personal opinion: possible answers inclu

Question 12

A decreased efficacy of an antimicrobial agent during combination therapy is called

Accepted Answer

A)  antagonism 
B)  cross-resistance 
C)  synergism 
D)  second-line 
A)  antagonism 
B)  cross-resistance 
C)  synergism 
D)  second-line

Question 13

A Candida albicans infection of the intestine,vagina or oral cavity is commonly treated with

Accepted Answer

A)  cefotaxime 
B)  rifampin 
C)  streptomycin 
D)  nystatin 
A)  cefotaxime 
B)  rifampin 
C)  streptomycin 
D)  nystatin

Question 14

Polypeptide antibiotics that act as detergents and distort bacterial cellular membranes do so by:

Accepted Answer

A)  acting as antimetabolites 
B)  inhibiting cell wall synthesis 
C)  disrupting cell membrane function 
D)  inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis 
A)  acting as antimetabolites 
B)  inhibiting cell wall synthesis 
C)  disrupting cell membrane function 
D)  inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis

Question 15

Metronidazole

Accepted Answer

A)  is effective against viruses 
B)  has no side effects 
C)  prevents overgrowth of Candida yeast infections 
D)  is useful in the treatment of amoebas and Giardia 
A)  is effective against viruses 
B)  has no side effects 
C)  prevents overgrowth of Candida yeast infections 
D)  is useful in the treatment of amoebas and Giardia

Question 16

Which of the antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  amikacin 
B)  tyrothricin 
C)  vancomycin 
D)  cephalexin 
A)  amikacin 
B)  tyrothricin 
C)  vancomycin 
D)  cephalexin

Question 17

Mutation of DNA that produces an altered ribosome is an example of what type of bacterial resistance mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  alteration of a metabolic pathway 
B)  alteration of an enzyme 
C)  development of enzymes 
D)  alteration of target 
A)  alteration of a metabolic pathway 
B)  alteration of an enzyme 
C)  development of enzymes 
D)  alteration of target

Question 18

The mode of action of penicillin is

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibition of cell wall synthesis 
B)  disruption of cell membranes 
C)  inhibition of protein synthesis 
D)  inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis 
A)  inhibition of cell wall synthesis 
B)  disruption of cell membranes 
C)  inhibition of protein synthesis 
D)  inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

Question 19

Which of the following antibiotics is an inhibitor of DNA gyrase?

Accepted Answer

A)  ethambutol 
B)  ciprofloxacin 
C)  tobramycin 
D)  neomycin 
A)  ethambutol 
B)  ciprofloxacin 
C)  tobramycin 
D)  neomycin

Question 20

Because the tetracyclines are effective against a large variety of different organisms,they are considered to

Accepted Answer

A)  be narrow-spectrum drugs 
B)  have a therapeutic dosage level 
C)  be bacteriocidal 
D)  be broad-spectrum drugs 
A)  be narrow-spectrum drugs 
B)  have a therapeutic dosage level 
C)  be bacteriocidal 
D)  be broad-spectrum drugs

Exam 13: Antimicrobial Therapy

The development of second-line and third-line antimicrobial agents demonstrates

Antibiotics that contain a beta-lactam ring

Which of the following directly pertain to inhibition of cellular protein synthesis by antimicrobial agents?

Characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial agent include all of the following except

A test to determine the effectiveness of an antimicrobial agent that uses growth of a test microorganism in patients' blood serum:

Side effects due to antimicrobial agents may involve all of the following except

Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents include all of the following except

Antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis

Why are resistant organisms found often in hospitalized patients?

Which one of the following antimicrobial agents is an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis?

A patient comes to you from a nursing home with a high fever. Is it better to start the patient on a broad spectrum drug or a narrow spectrum drug? Is it better to start the patient on one antibiotic or multiple antibiotics? Defend your decision.

A decreased efficacy of an antimicrobial agent during combination therapy is called

A Candida albicans infection of the intestine,vagina or oral cavity is commonly treated with

Polypeptide antibiotics that act as detergents and distort bacterial cellular membranes do so by:

Metronidazole

Which of the antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria?

Mutation of DNA that produces an altered ribosome is an example of what type of bacterial resistance mechanism?

The mode of action of penicillin is

Which of the following antibiotics is an inhibitor of DNA gyrase?

Because the tetracyclines are effective against a large variety of different organisms,they are considered to

Scope and History of Microbiology

Fundamentals of Chemistry

Microscopy and Staining

Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Essential Concepts of Metabolism

Growth and Culturing of Bacteria

Microbial Genetics

Gene Transfer and Genetic Engineering

An Introduction to Taxonomy: the Bacteria

Viruses

Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Parasites

Sterilization and Disinfection

Host-Microbe Relationships and Disease Processes

Epidemiology and Nosocomial Infections

Innate Host Defenses

Immunology I: Basic Principles of Adaptive Immunity and Immunization

Immunolgy Ii: Immunological Disorders and Tests

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes; Wounds and Bites

Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Oral and Gastrointestinal Diseases

Cardiovascular, lymphatic and Systemic Disease

Diseases of the Nervous System

Environmental Microbiology

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