Question 1

Which of the following is an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase?

Accepted Answer

A)  CoA 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  FADH2 
D)  NADH 
E)  CO2 
A)  CoA 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  FADH2 
D)  NADH 
E)  CO2

Question 2

What pathway is used to make glucose from other metabolites such as pyruvate or lactate?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen synthesis 
B)  glycogen degradation 
C)  glycolysis 
D)  pentose phosphate pathway 
E)  gluconeogenesis 
A)  glycogen synthesis 
B)  glycogen degradation 
C)  glycolysis 
D)  pentose phosphate pathway 
E)  gluconeogenesis

Question 3

Glucose and galactose are _____ of each other.

Accepted Answer

A)  epimers 
B)  enantiomers 
C)  diastereomers 
D)  anomers 
E)  none of the above 
A)  epimers 
B)  enantiomers 
C)  diastereomers 
D)  anomers 
E)  none of the above

Question 4

Unlike proteins and oligonucleotides, polysaccharides _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  are readily metabolized in the absence of specialized enzymes 
B)  often have branched structures 
C)  are achiral 
D)  are always completely water soluble 
E)  are components of every known living organism 
A)  are readily metabolized in the absence of specialized enzymes 
B)  often have branched structures 
C)  are achiral 
D)  are always completely water soluble 
E)  are components of every known living organism

Question 5

What type of bond forms when the hydroxyethyl group is transferred to lipoamide?

Accepted Answer

A)  ester 
B)  amide 
C)  thioester 
D)  anhydride 
E)  none of the above 
A)  ester 
B)  amide 
C)  thioester 
D)  anhydride 
E)  none of the above

Question 6

Describe the properties, structures, and functions of the major categories of monosaccharides.  
-Which structure(s) shown in the figure above represent reducing sugar(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  D 
C)  C and D 
D)  A, B, C, and D 
E)  A, B, and C 
A)  A 
B)  D 
C)  C and D 
D)  A, B, C, and D 
E)  A, B, and C

Question 7

Which of the following are characteristic of cellulose?

Accepted Answer

A)  highly extended chains 
B)  $\beta$(1 $\rightarrow$ 4) glycosidic bonds 
C)  extensive hydrogen bonding between individual molecules 
D)  unbranched polymer 
E)  all of the above 
A)  highly extended chains 
B)  $\beta$(1 $\rightarrow$ 4) glycosidic bonds 
C)  extensive hydrogen bonding between individual molecules 
D)  unbranched polymer 
E)  all of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is true concerning the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an oxidative decarboxylation. 
B)  It is activated by high concentrations of ATP. 
C)  The enzyme contains a pyridoxal phosphate prosthetic group. 
D)  The reaction is an anaplerotic reaction because it can replace citric acid intermediates that are removed for other pathways. 
E)  The enzyme contains two different types of subunits. 
A)  It is an oxidative decarboxylation. 
B)  It is activated by high concentrations of ATP. 
C)  The enzyme contains a pyridoxal phosphate prosthetic group. 
D)  The reaction is an anaplerotic reaction because it can replace citric acid intermediates that are removed for other pathways. 
E)  The enzyme contains two different types of subunits.

Question 9

Which of the following is the major difference between glycogen and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycogen contains $\alpha$-glycosidic bonds; amylopectin contains $\beta$-glycosidic bonds. 
B)  Glycogen is branched; amylopectin is linear. 
C)  Glycogen contains a reducing end; amylopectin does not. 
D)  Glycogen contains about twice the number of branch points as amylopectin. 
E)  Glycogen is found in plants; amylopectin is found in animals. 
A)  Glycogen contains $\alpha$-glycosidic bonds; amylopectin contains $\beta$-glycosidic bonds. 
B)  Glycogen is branched; amylopectin is linear. 
C)  Glycogen contains a reducing end; amylopectin does not. 
D)  Glycogen contains about twice the number of branch points as amylopectin. 
E)  Glycogen is found in plants; amylopectin is found in animals.

Question 10

Which of the following contains a bond that is used for a substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 
B)  1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 
C)  acetyl phosphate 
D)  2,3-bisphosphoglycerate 
E)  1-phosphoglycerate 
A)  fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 
B)  1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 
C)  acetyl phosphate 
D)  2,3-bisphosphoglycerate 
E)  1-phosphoglycerate

Question 11

The enzyme _____ is the major control point for glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The enzyme _____ is the major control...

Question 12

Which of the following compounds is used to produce ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)

Question 13

Which enzyme is responsible for splitting a hexose into two trioses?

Accepted Answer

A)  enolase 
B)  phosphoglycerate mutase 
C)  phosphofructose isomerase 
D)  triose phosphate isomerase 
E)  aldolase 
A)  enolase 
B)  phosphoglycerate mutase 
C)  phosphofructose isomerase 
D)  triose phosphate isomerase 
E)  aldolase

Question 14

Both $\alpha$(1 $\rightarrow$4) and $\alpha$(1 $\rightarrow$6) bonds can be found in the plant product______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Both $\alpha$(1 $\rightarrow$4) and $\alpha$(1 $\rightarrow$6) bonds...

Question 15

The disaccharide commonly found in dairy products is _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The disaccharide commonly found in dairy products...

Question 16

Which enzyme catalyzes the major regulatory step of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  hexokinase 
B)  aldolase 
C)  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 
D)  phosphofructokinase 
E)  phosphoglucose isomerase 
A)  hexokinase 
B)  aldolase 
C)  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 
D)  phosphofructokinase 
E)  phosphoglucose isomerase

Question 17

Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to _____ by pyruvate dehydrogenase.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxaloacetate 
B)  ethanol 
C)  lactate 
D)  glucose 
E)  acetyl-CoA 
A)  oxaloacetate 
B)  ethanol 
C)  lactate 
D)  glucose 
E)  acetyl-CoA

Question 18

If a cell were given glucose labeled at C-3 with 14C, which carbon(s) of pyruvate would contain the label?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  1 and 3 
E)  2 and 3 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  1 and 3 
E)  2 and 3

Question 19

In the catabolic pathway, major nutrients are _____ broken down mainly resulting in more _____ metabolites.

Accepted Answer

A)  exergonically; reduced 
B)  endergonically; reduced 
C)  exergonically; oxidized 
D)  endergonically; oxidized 
E)  endergonically; phosphorylated 
A)  exergonically; reduced 
B)  endergonically; reduced 
C)  exergonically; oxidized 
D)  endergonically; oxidized 
E)  endergonically; phosphorylated

Question 20

_____ is a homopolymer composed of $\beta$(1-4)-linked N-acetyl-D-Glucosamine residues that is the principle structural component of the exoskeleton of various groups of invertebrates.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is a homopolymer composed of $\beta$(1-4)-linked...

Exam 6: Carbohydrates I

Which of the following is an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase?

What pathway is used to make glucose from other metabolites such as pyruvate or lactate?

Glucose and galactose are _____ of each other.

Unlike proteins and oligonucleotides, polysaccharides _____.

What type of bond forms when the hydroxyethyl group is transferred to lipoamide?

Describe the properties, structures, and functions of the major categories of monosaccharides. -Which structure(s) shown in the figure above represent reducing sugar(s)?

Which of the following are characteristic of cellulose?

Which of the following is true concerning the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase?

Which of the following is the major difference between glycogen and amylopectin?

Which of the following contains a bond that is used for a substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis?

The enzyme _____ is the major control point for glycolysis.

Which of the following compounds is used to produce ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis?

Which enzyme is responsible for splitting a hexose into two trioses?

Both α\alphaα (1 →\rightarrow→ 4) and α\alphaα (1 →\rightarrow→ 6) bonds can be found in the plant product______.

The disaccharide commonly found in dairy products is _____.

Which enzyme catalyzes the major regulatory step of glycolysis?

Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to _____ by pyruvate dehydrogenase.

If a cell were given glucose labeled at C-3 with 14C, which carbon(s) of pyruvate would contain the label?

In the catabolic pathway, major nutrients are _____ broken down mainly resulting in more _____ metabolites.

_____ is a homopolymer composed of β\betaβ (1-4)-linked N-acetyl-D-Glucosamine residues that is the principle structural component of the exoskeleton of various groups of invertebrates.

The Chemical Foundations of Biochemistry

Nucleic Acids

Proteins I

Proteins Iienzymes

Membranes and an Introduction to Signal Transduction

The Common Catabolic Pathway

Carbohydrates II

Lipids I

Lipids II

Amine Metabolism

Metabolism Integration

Nucleotide Deoxynucleotide Metabolism

Dna Replication, Damage and Repair

Rna Synthesis

Protein

Control of Gene

Determination of Macromolecular Structure

Allosterism and Receptor-Ligand

Designer Proteins and Protein Folding

Biomolecule Purification

Bioinformatics and Omics

Signal

Protein Trafficking

Photosynthesis Nitrogen

Filters

Both $\alpha$ (1 $\rightarrow$ 4) and $\alpha$ (1 $\rightarrow$ 6) bonds can be found in the plant product______.

If a cell were given glucose labeled at C-3 with ¹⁴C, which carbon(s) of pyruvate would contain the label?

In the catabolic pathway, major nutrients are _ broken down mainly resulting in more _ metabolites.

_____ is a homopolymer composed of $\beta$ (1-4)-linked N-acetyl-D-Glucosamine residues that is the principle structural component of the exoskeleton of various groups of invertebrates.